Yuav ua li cas yog ACS? Self-Propelled artillery installation: kev faib tawm, los

Self-Propelled artillery units (SAU) hu ua kev sib ntaus los tsheb, uas yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug self-propelled chassis-mounted artillery phom. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub nws hu tej zaum ua self-propelled phom los yog artsamohodami. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb mam li saib dab tsi yog qhov ACS, qhov uas lawv yuav siv tau raws li classified thiab txawv los ntawm lwm yam riam phom.

txoj kev

Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov ACS? Nyob rau hauv ib tug broad txiav txim zoo li lub ACS yuav pom tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus los tsheb, uas yog armed nrog phom. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub vos kev txiav txim zoo rau lub ACS, xws li xwb cov neeg tshuab uas yog armed nrog phom los yog howitzers, tab sis yog tsis tso tsheb hlau luam los yog armored tsheb.

SAU ntau haiv neeg hom, raws li zoo raws li lawv tau. Lawv yuav tsum tau wheeled los yog tracked chassis, los mus tiv thaiv los yog tsis txhob tiv thaiv lub cuab yeej, tau tas los yog ntauwd mount lub ntsiab rab phom. Muaj ntau ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled artillery ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, txawm peem rau nrog pej thuam sib, zoo li tso tsheb hlau luam. Txawm li cas los, lawv txawv ho los ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam rau tactical siv thiab tshuav nyiaj li cas "ris tsho ua rog-caj npab."

Self-Propelled artillery unit (ACS) pib nws cov keeb kwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sij hawm thaum tus thawj cannon thiab armored tsheb - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm niaj hnub ua tub rog science, cov thawj Fabkis tso tsheb hlau luam tau sai analogue tom qab SAU tshaj tso tsheb hlau luam. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub ua lub teb chaws tuaj rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled artillery.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov nees nkaum-thawj ib puas xyoo, ua tsaug rau ib tug loj heev dhia nyob rau hauv cov tub rog science, tsis siv neeg tswj, raws li cov kws txawj, pib mus thov lub superiority cov lwm armored tsheb. Yav tas los, nws yeej tau koom rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub ACS nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm niaj hnub ua tub rog battles yog loj hlob txhua txhua xyoo.

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Nyob rau hauv lub teb, lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog battlefield siv self-propelled units, lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb laij los yog crawler. Tom qab ntawd, nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam, engineers pom tau hais tias lub tank paus yog zoo tshaj plaws haum rau lub installation ntawm haib artillery systems. Unarmored phom nyob rau chassis kuj tsis nco qab lawm, vim hais tias lawv yog nto moo rau lawv cov qib high muaj.

Nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj armored ACS muaj tus tub ntawm D. I. Mendeleeva - VD Mendeleev. Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog thiab cov pej xeem ua tsov ua rog nquag siv ib tug 72-millimeter phom lander, ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsheb "Russo-Balt". Cabs ib co ntawm lawv txawm cov armored. Nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm ACS koom nyob rau hauv lub USSR, lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lub tebchaws United States, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm tej yaam num yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug surrogate installation.

Thaum lub Soviet Union thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees pib los mus tsim nws armored rog, lub sijhawm los massively ntsia rau qhov chassis tank artillery. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union rau lub hauv paus ntawm T-35 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab T-28 tsab self-propelled phom SU-14 yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, rau hloov dua siab tshiab nyob rau hauv lub SAU siv outdated tso tsheb hlau luam Pz Kpfw I.

Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II yuav tsum tau siv tag nrho cov neeg koom. Lub teb chaws Yelemees massed ua ACS raws li nyob rau hauv cov qub thiab yuav tso tsheb hlau luam. Raws li nws tus kheej cov cav tov, lawv tau ua ntau yooj yim thiab pheej yig installation. Cov zaj dab neeg muaj xws German qauv: StuG III, thiab StuG IV, Hummel thiab Wespe, self-propelled phom "Ferdinand" (thiaj li hu ua fighters Hetzer thiab Elefant tank) thiab ib tug ob peb lwm tus neeg. Txij li thaum lub kawg ntawm 1944, zus tau tej cov ACS nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees dhau tshaj ntawm lub ntim zus tau tej cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

Lub Red Army pib sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj ib tug serial self-propelled artillery. Qhuav ntawm ib self-propelled howitzer SU-5 nres nyob rau hauv 1937. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1941, muaj ib tug self-propelled phom ZIS-30 surrogate hom. Thiab xyoo tom ntej lub rooj sib txoos kab mus ua phem phom qauv SU-122. Tom qab ntawd counterweight German hnyav armored tsheb nyob nto moo SU-100 thiab ISU-152.

British thiab American engineers tau feeb meej lawv cov rog yog tsuas yog nyob rau zus tau tej cov self-propelled howitzers. Yog li ntawd muaj qauv: Sexton, Npis Sov, M12 thiab M7 Pov Thawj.

Vim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam, qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev siv ntawm quab yuam riam phom zoo. Anti-missile system nrog nyoob hoom qav taub gunships heev ntse yuav hloov lub tank destroyer. Tab sis howitzers thiab anti-aircraft phom tsim kom deb li deb.

Raws li cov ACS lawv uas loj hlob thiab nthuav cais. Xav txog tej yam ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom, tshwm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog science niaj hnub no.

tank ncuab

Raws li lub npe implies, xws tsov rog cov cav tov tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev rhuav tseg armored tsheb. Feem ntau, lawv yog tau raws li ntev barreled riam phom semiautomatic phom ntawm ib tug caliber ntawm 57 hli 100 hli nrog ib tug unitary them txoj kev uas tso cai rau mus cuag ib tug siab npaum li cas ntawm cov hluav taws. Heavy tank ncuab, tsim los sib ntaus sib tua tib tug yeeb ncuab tshuab thiab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum armed nrog ntev-barreled phom phua lub them, lub caliber ntawm uas nce mus txog rau 155 hli. Sib ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv yog tsis zoo tiv thaiv infantry thiab tiv thaiv. Dhia caws qia yam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob lawv tau txais thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Yam ntxwv neeg sawv cev ntawm tank ncuab ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug Soviet self-propelled phom SU-100 qauv thiab cov German "jagdpanther". Tam sim no, lub installation ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv tau muab txoj kev uas yuav tiv thaiv-missile systems thiab kev sib ntaus los helicopters, uas yog npaum li cas zoo dua mus rau tiv nrog lub tso tsheb hlau luam.

quab yuam phom

Yog armored tsheb rau hluav taws kub pab txhawb nqa ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam thiab infantry. ACS no hom ntawm loj-arming (105-203 hli) los yog luv luv-ntev-barreled phom, uas tau yooj yim ntaus fortified txaus infantry. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus quab yuam phom yuav tsum zoo siv tau tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam. Qhov no hom ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled phom, raws li zoo raws li lub yav dhau los, nquag tsim thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Cuab piv txwv ntawm German phem phom propelled steel StuG III, StuG H42 thiab Brummbar. Cov Soviet machines txawv: SU-122 thiab SU-152. Tom qab tsov rog, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam coj mus rau lub fact tias lawv arming nrog loj-caliber phom, muaj peev xwm ntawm ciav kev yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tsis muaj teeb meem thiab unarmored lub hom phaj. Yog li, qhov yuav tsum tau siv ua phem riam phom zoo.

Self-Propelled howitzers

Yog mobile cov cuab yeej rau hluav taws los ntawm zais txaus. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws propelled analogue cab artillery. Tej ACS armed caliber artillery systems ntawm 75 rau 406 millimeters. Lawv muaj ib tug me ntsis ballistic phau ntawv, uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog los ntawm counter-roj teeb hluav taws. Los ntawm cov outset, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej-propelled artillery tsim thiab nws tus kheej-propelled howitzers. Cov phom loj caliber uas muaj muaj thiab niaj hnub tso rau systems ua no hom ntawm riam phom nrog qhov zoo tshaj rau hnub no.

Kev siv lug self-propelled howitzers caliber siab tshaj 152 millimeters. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntaus ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nuclear warheads, uas ua rau nws ua tau rau ua kom puas loj cov khoom thiab pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog nrog ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, German tsheb yog nto moo Wespe thiab Hummel, American howitzers M7 (Pov Thawj) thiab M12, raws li zoo raws li British Sexton self-propelled phom thiab Npis Sov. Lub Soviet Union sim teem ntau lawm ntawm tej tshuab (tus qauv ntawm lub Su-5) nyob rau hauv lub 40-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tab sis qhov no los yog tsis muaj kev vam meej. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog txojkev ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv tus kheej propelled howitzer nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - 2S19 "MSTA-S" caliber ntawm 152 hli. Nyob rau hauv lub tub rog ntawm NATO lub teb chaws muaj nqis nws lwm txoj 155-hli self-propelled phom, "Paladin" nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab.

anti

SAU nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm no yog semi-qhib los yog qhib lub tshuab, armed nrog anti-tank riam phom. Feem ntau, lawv yog ua rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub teeb armored tank chassis, uas tau ua dhau caij nyoog rau nws npaj siv. Cov cav tov distinguished los ntawm ib tug zoo ua ke ntawm nqi thiab efficiency thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv siab kuj tagnrho. Txawm li cas los, lawv tseem poob lub martial yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab ntau specialization. Ib tug piv txwv zoo ntawm ib tug tank destroyer ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II yog cov German tshuab Marder II thiab domestic SU-76M. Feem ntau, tej me arming los yog qhov chaw kawm srednekalibernymi phom. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum muaj ntau haib version, piv txwv li, German Nashorn caliber ntawm 128 hli. Cov niaj hnub pab tub rog rau lwm cov tsis siv.

antiaircraft

Nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cannon thiab tshuab phom, uas nws lub ntsiab hauj lwm yog los defeat tsawg-altitude thiab medium-qhov chaw siab tshaj aircraft thiab cov yeeb ncuab helicopters. Feem ntau lawv yog me me-caliber automatic phom ua ntaj riam thaiv (20-40 hli) thiab / los yog loj caliber phom (12,7-14,5 hli). Ib qho tseem ceeb caij ntawm anti-aircraft kev taw qhia system yog nyob rau hauv sai tsiv rua lub hom phaj. Tej zaum lawv ntxiv armed nrog cuaj luaj ntawm lub "av-rau-huab cua." Nyob rau hauv nroog ntaus los, thiab nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv lub loj masses ntawm infantry, anti-aircraft phom tsom nws tus kheej raws li zoo tsis tau. Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog distinguished lub German anti-aircraft phom Wirbelwind thiab Ostwind, raws li zoo raws li lub Soviet ZSU-37. Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tau ob ZSU ua ntaj riam thaiv: 23-4 ( "Shilka") thiab "Tunguska".

surrogate

Yog improvised sib ntaus sib tua tsheb, tsim los rau lub hauv paus uas coj mus muag tsheb thauj khoom, artillery tsheb laij thiab tsheb laij. Reservation nyob rau hauv surrogate SAU, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis. Cov domestic sib xws chav kawm ntawv faib tau txais 57-hli self-propelled anti-tank nqe ntaus rog tsheb ZIS-30 uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug tracked artillery tsheb laij teb "Komsomolets". Cov feem ntau lug siv surrogate machines, Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab fascist Ltalis vim hais tias ntawm tsis muaj lwm yam armored tsheb.

Ib tug raug self-propelled artillery ntawm lub USSR ntse combines lub zog ntawm ntau cov chav kawm ntawv. Ib cuab piv txwv ntawm no yog tus qauv ISU-152. Germans adhered mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim heev tshwj xeeb rau tus kheej-propelled phom. Raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, ib co German units yog cov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lawv cov chav kawm.

siv tactics

Yuav kom to taub li cas cov ACS thiab dab tsi lawv yog, cia peb kawm yuav ua li cas siv lawv nyob rau hauv xyaum. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm yus tus kheej-propelled artillery rau lub battlefield yog los pab txhawb lwm yam kev pab tub rog nrog artillery hluav taws los ntawm zais txaus. Vim lub fact tias ACS muaj lub siab muaj, tej zaum lawv yuav muaj nrog nws lus los ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam thaum lub sij hawm so los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab defenses, ho ua qhov kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ntawm cov armored thiab infantry pab tub rog.

High muaj kuj muab lub sij hawm rau nws tus kheej-propelled artillery mus tua tus yeeb ncuab. Ua li no, pre-payment tag nrho cov ciaj ciam ntawm lub shooting. ACS ces mus rau lub firing txoj hauj lwm thiab coj ib tug loj heev nres rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tsis muaj zeroing. Tom qab hais tias, lawv sai sai tawm hauv lub tua kab, thiab los ntawm lub sij hawm thaum tus yeeb ncuab yuav xam qhov chaw rau ib tug rov ua phem rau strike, txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum empty.

Yog hais tias tus yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab motorized infantry so los ntawm cov kab kws muaj txuj ci, nws tus kheej-propelled artillery yuav pab raws li ib tug muaj kev vam meej anti-tank riam phom. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, ib txhia ACS qauv tau mus rau hauv lawv tshwj xeeb cov mos txwv zoo li.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nws tus kheej-propelled artillery pib yuav tsum tau siv los tua cov snipers uas tseem nkaum nyob rau hauv txawv txawv mus tua lwm qhov chaw firepower.

Tib self-propelled artillery, armed nrog nuclear cuaj luaj yuav txov loj khoom, fortified settlements, raws li zoo raws li twb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub nuclear cuaj luaj ACS zoo tsis yooj yim sua rau kev cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los, lub ntau yam ntawm tau lub hom phaj nyob rau hauv lub tsom artillery mos txwv tsawg dua los sis aircraft tactical missiles, raws li zoo raws li lub hwj chim ntawm tus tawg.

kev kho

Feem ntau yog nyob deb, self-propelled machines no feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tank thiab cov chassis teeb armored tracked tsheb. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum lub arrangement ntawm Cheebtsam thiab cov rooj sib txoos yog zoo sib xws. Tsis zoo li tso tsheb hlau luam, ntauwd ACS installation nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm cov ris tsho ua rog vaj tse, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Yog li tus txheej txheem ntawm muab cov mos txwv rau hauv av yog thawm considerably. Cav-kis tau tus mob band, feem nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nruab nrab feem thereof. Vim lub fact tias cov kis tau tus mob yog nyob rau ntawm tus hneev, nws yog advisable tias cov pem hauv ntej lub log yog ua. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no ACS sib ntawm kev siv cov rear log-tsav.

sib cais ntawm kev tswj, nws yog tib yam - ib tug chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb, yog nyob ze ntawm lub chaw gearbox ntawm lub tshuab los yog ze rau nws sab laug. Lub cev muaj zog yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub taw tes rau ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg coob compartment. Sib ntaus sib tua compartment muaj xws li cov mos txwv thiab pab kiag li lawm rau aiming phom.

Tsis tas li ntawd piav embodiment uas tso Cheebtsam thiab cov rooj sib txoos, cov phom mount yuav compose ntawm Tank qauv. Tej zaum, lawv ua sawv cev rau ib tug tank ntauwd neeg ua hauj lwm yog hloov los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb ntauwd nrog ib tus nqi ntawm kev ntsuas thiab cov khoom rau kev taw qhia. Ntawm no yog peb yog nrog koj thiab nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi ACS.