Thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm zoo li cas? Thyroid hormones - thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine

Thyroid hormones yog ua los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas (SHCHZ). Thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine - ob lub ntsiab lawm ntawm lub cev, ib feem ntawm uas muaj ib tug iodine atom. Cov tshuaj hormones yog ua los ntawm lub hlwb ntawm lub follicular epithelium.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub qog hormones

Thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine tsim los ntawm tyrosine (alpha-amino acid) thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tej kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.

• Txhawb lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub pa chaw.
• Nrog lawv kev koom tes, ua tswj ntawm tshav kub tiam los ntawm lub cev.
• Cuam tshuam rau cov pa metabolism thiab muaj zog cov ntaub so ntswg oxygen thov.
• Cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm lub plawv contractions (ionotropic nyhuv).
• Tswj lub plawv dhia (chronotropic nyhuv).
• Vim thyroid hormone ua npaum li cas b-adrenergic receptors nyob rau hauv lub plawv thiab skeletal leeg, thiab kuj teem nyob rau hauv adipose nqaij thiab lymphocytes.
• Qhib lub kom ntawm tus mob huam.
• Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub synthesis ntawm ntau yam ntxwv cov nqaijrog thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntau yam zoo.
• Tsim kho lub kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov lub cev.
• Nkoos lub hauv paus poob siab system kawm thiab leeb lub hlwb lub koom haum.
• Tswj cov ntshav qab zib thiab ua rau kom lub capture thiab siv ntawm nws hlwb, li no activating tus txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis.
• Cuam tshuam rau disintegration ntawm adipose cov ntaub so ntswg (lipolysis) thiab ncua nws tsim thiab deposition.

Lam tau secretion ntawm lub qog hormones nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav ua rau ncua kev puas hlwb thiab lub cev txoj kev loj hlob.

Synthesis SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones

SHCHZ yooj yim protein yog thyroglobulin. Nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qauv rau cov tsim ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ua los ntawm lub caj pas. Thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm thyroglobulin protein. Qhov no protein muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas ntau tshaj 5 txhiab. Amino acid residues, thiab tsuas yog 18 ntawm lawv yog iodized. Thyroxine yog tsim nrog kev koom tes ntawm xwb 2 mus rau 4 amino acid residues. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus thyroglobulin, rau lawm SHCHZ koom thiab roj uas txhaws taus. Yog li, thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj uas txhaws, raws li zoo raws li steroid cov tshuaj hormones. Thyroid lawm T4 yog ua 10 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj qhov T3.

Lawm Triiodothyronine (T3) yog tsim los ntawm lub ua ke ntawm di- thiab monoiodotyrosine molecules uas yog ib feem ntawm cov protein thyroglobulin.

Raws li SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones noj rau cov ntaub so ntswg?

Cov tshuaj hormones SHCHZ khi rau ntshav cov nqaijrog, thiab raws li xws li yog tauj mus rau ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob. Muaj peb loj ntshav proteins uas yog tau khi cov tshuaj hormones T3 thiab T4:

1. TSG - thyroxine-losis tswvyim dabtsi globulin.
2. LSPA - thyroxine-prealbumin.
3. Albumin.

Cov theem ntawm thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine cawv SHCHZ secretory kev ua si thiab kev ruaj muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntshiab.

Control T3 thiab T4 synthesis yog nqa lawm pituitary TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). Nyob rau hauv lem, TSH synthesis yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub hormone ntawm hypothalamic TRH (thyrotropin-tso hormone).

Dawb triiodothyronine (fT3)

Feem pua fT3 tsuas yog 0.25% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav T3. Raws li peb tau pom, T3 nyob rau hauv cov ntshav yog ntau tshaj T4, tab sis, dua li no, nws free daim ntawv xwb ib nrab ntawm cov T4 freeform.

Nws yog free daim ntawv SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones ua rau lawv lom ua si. Triiodothyronine (hormone) ntau npaum li cas active thyroxine. Uas yog vim li cas ib tug dawb theem ntawm nws kev metabolisticheskoe characterizes qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub qog cov tshuaj hormones.

Thyroxine: muaj nuj nqi

T4 biologically tsaug zog. Tab sis, yog hais tias tsim nyog, nws yuav nyob rau hauv tus ntawm selenium-dependent enzyme monodeiodinase hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug ntau yam T3.

Thyroxine hormone zog nyob rau hauv lub cev ua tib qho tseem ceeb raws li triiodothyronine. Namely T4 yog lub luag hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov vitamin A nyob rau hauv lub siab, nkoos protein metabolism, kev cuam tshuam rau cov lipid (rog) metabolism, regulates lub theem ntawm triglycerides thiab cov cholesterol nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, muaj feem xyuam rau cov tsim ntawm tus pob txha ntaub so ntswg, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.

Yuav ua li cas rau tes tshaj lub tsom xam rau cov tshuaj hormones SHCHZ?

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib txoj kev kawm ntawm cov theem SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones xa txaus ntshav los ntawm ib tug hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam. Qhov no yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob chav.

Mus kawm dhau lub feem ntau txhim khu kev qha thiab cov kev tshwm sim yog tsis los ntawm lwm yam tseem ceeb, ib lub hlis ua ntej yuav muab cov ntshav rau kev tsom xam yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov txais tos ntawm hormonal npaj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yuav tsum tau pom zoo nrog koj tus kws kho mob. 3-5 hnub ua ntej mus rau lub hnub pom zoo kom tshem tawm cov tshuaj uas muaj iodine hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Tam sim ntawd ua ntej cov ntshav zauv tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tej X-ray kuaj. Nyob rau lub tswv yim uas muab cov ntshav yog tsis pom zoo rau cov kev qoj ib ce thiab stressful lub sijhawm (kev ua si sib tw, xeem thiab thiaj li nyob. D.). Ua ntej yuav nkag mus kawm txoj kev kawm thiab pass tsom, tus neeg mob yog pom zoo kom zaum thiab so rau cov 15-30 feeb.

Qhov tseem ceeb SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones

Peb pom dab tsi lub luag hauj lwm rau hauv lub cev plays thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine, yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus uas lub Cheebtsam, uas tshuaj yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv cov ntshiab losis tswvyim dabtsi, yuav ua li cas kom tau ib txoj kev kuaj rau cov tshuaj hormones. Tam sim no saib lawv tej nqi, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi kab mob tej zaum lawv yuav nce los yog yuav txo. Standards ntawm cov tshuaj hormones yog muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no:

Uas cov kab mob yuav tsub fT3?

Dawb triiodothyronine yuav tau nce nyob rau hauv cov nram no cov kab mob:

• Hyperthyroidism yog thawj los sis theem nrab.
• T3 toxicosis raug rho tawm.
• Thyroiditis.
• Congenital Hypothyroidism T4-resistant.
• Choriocarcinoma.
• kuj syndrome SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones.
• Tej lub concentration ntawm thyroxine-losis tswvyim dabtsi globulin.
• Mob mob siab.
• Nyob rau hauv hemodialysis.
• Nephrotic syndrome.
• Tom qab txoj kev kho nrog tej iodine.

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, muaj yog ib tug txo fT3?

Tej ntshav fT3 zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no:

• Congenital Hypothyroidism yog ib tug thawj, theem nrab los yog tertiary.
• Netireoidnaya pathology ntawm loj heev, xws li kev puas hlwb thiab lub cev tej yam kev mob (stroke, heart attack myocardial thiab t. D.).
• Ntev yoo mov los yog noj cov zaub mov nrog ib tug tsawg noj uas muaj protein ntau cov khoom noj.
• Thaum lub sij hawm rov qab lub sij hawm tom qab loj pathologies thiab ua hauj lwm.
• Yog hais tias uncompensated thawj adrenal insufficiency.
• Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam muaj tsis tu ncua hnyav ib ce muaj zog.
• Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb peb lub hlis uas cev xeeb tub (fT3 theem thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub tshee txo los ntawm tus thawj peb lub hlis thiab qhov kawg ntawm peb yuav ntau pronounced).
• Thaum txais tos ntawm cov nram qab no tshuaj: amiodarone, androgens, propranolol, salicylates, iodinated X-ray zoo nrog.

Ntxiv mus, raws caij nyoog hloov mus hloov los yog tau fT3. Maximum nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm Cuaj hlis mus rau Lub ob hlis ntuj, thiab tsawg kawg yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis.

tsos mob ntawm hypothyroidism

Congenital Hypothyroidism - ib tug tsis txaus synthesis SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub nram qab no cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav tshwm sim:

• Nkees, qaug zog thiab nkees nkees.
• Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshaj hnyav uas yuav tsis tau tshuaj los ntawm kev qoj ib ce thiab kev noj haus.
• Qhov kev nyuaj siab.
• Tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub cev kub txog li 35,6 degrees.
• Khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws dryness thiab o.
• Cov plaub hau tsis thiab muaj plhaws, uas tsis dhau txawm tias tom qab siv ib tug tshuaj zawv plaub hau.
• Txo lub plawv dhia (bradycardia).
• Tsis muaj ntshav siab.
• Poob ntawm lub cim xeeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Tsis tu ncua cem quav.
• Cov poj niam yuav ua coj khaub irregularities thiab ntxiv lawm tshob.

tsos mob ntawm hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism - qhov no tshaj synthesis SHCHZ cov tshuaj hormones. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj cov nram qab no cov tsos mob:

• Nce qab los noj mov thiab yog li poob phaus.
• General tsis muaj zog, tiv thaiv uas tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug flash drive.
• Flabbiness thiab daim tawv nqaij dryness.
• Lub plawv palpitations thiab ntshav siab.
• Kom nyob rau hauv lub cev kub txog li 37.5 degrees.
• Coj khaub mob nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab ntxiv lawm tshob.
• Nyob rau hauv loj heev zaum, ib tug cim nce SHCHZ thiab exophthalmia.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob SHCHZ

Cov thyroid caj pas thiab nws cov tshuaj hormones ua ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi rau hauv lub cev, kom koj thiaj li yuav tau saib xyuas qhov mob ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog ua nyob txhua xyoo mus kuaj mob. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob yuav muab coj mus rau lub ultrasound thiab hormone kev ntsuam xyuas SHCHZ.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv SHCHZ thiab hormone tsis muaj peev xwm cov kab mob ntawm lub cev yuav tsum muaj xws li nyob rau hauv koj noj cov zaub mov cov zaub mov muaj nyob rau hauv iodine. Cov no muaj xws zoo tag nrho nqaij ntses nyoo (tuna, flounder, salmon, cw, seaweed), txiv hmab txiv ntoo (persimmons, txiv tsawb, txiv kab ntxwv), zaub (dos, qej, sorrel, eggplant). Los ntawm cov nram qab no tej yam yooj yim raws li kev cai, koj yuav tau mus tas li khaws cia rau hauv lub noj qab haus huv ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab tag nrho cov kab mob.