Tshuaj ntsiab hu ua tom qab zaum. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiab

Science News for KIDS - ib tug science nrog ib tug ntev li keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob tau contributed ntau nto moo zaum. Saib cov rog xav txog ntawm cov achievements yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntawm tshuaj hais, qhov twg lub xub ntiag ntawm ib yam khoom uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lawv cov yawm. Yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov tsos? Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej.

einsteinium

Pib sau cov tshuaj hais muaj npe tom qab tus zaum uas sawv nrog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo. Einstein twb artificially ua thiab muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus loj tshaj physicists ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Ib lub caij ib tug atomic tooj ntawm 99, nws muaj tsis muaj kev ruaj khov isotopes thiab transuranic hais txog, tawm ntawm uas qhib lub xya. Nws pab neeg zaum tau txheeb Ghiorso nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1952. Nrhiav einsteinium tau nyob rau hauv cov hmoov av, uas tseem nyob rau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug thermonuclear tawg. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nrog nws tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tawg Laboratory, University of California, thiab ces nyob rau hauv lub Argonne thiab Los Alamos. Lub ib nrab-lub neej isotopes ntawm nees nkaum hnub, ua Einstein lub feem ntau txaus ntshai tej ntsiab. Kawm nws yog heev yooj yim vim hais tias ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm tau nyob rau hauv vitro. Nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau nrog ib tug high school cov volatility nws yuav tau ua los ntawm ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lithium, lub tau muaju yuav txawv lub ntsej muag-rau nruab nrab nyhav qauv. Nyob rau hauv aqueous tov, lub caij muab ib tug ntsuab xim.

curium

Keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov tshuaj hais thiab lawv kab dab yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau hais txog tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsev neeg no. Mariya Sklodovskaya thiab ib Kyuri ua ib tug loj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb science. Lawv ua hauj lwm raws li tus tsim ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm radioactivity qhia lub npe hu caij feem. Curium belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm actinides thiab muaj lub atomic tooj 96. tsis muaj kev ruaj khov isotopes muaj nws. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws tau txais nyob rau hauv 1944 lub Americans Seaborg, James thiab Ghiorso. Ib txhia isotopes ntawm curium txawv incredibly ntev ib nrab-lub neej. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nuclear reactor yuav tsum tsim nyob rau hauv kilogram ntau thaum irradiated nrog neutrons uranium los yog plutonium. curium caij yog ib tug silver hlau nrog ib tug melting point nyob rau hauv lub txhiab peb puas plaub caug degrees Celsius. Los ntawm cov lwm actinides, nws yog sib cais los ntawm ion pauv hom kev kawm. Ib tug muaj zog exotherm thaum lub sij hawm tej lwj pub nws siv rau qhov siv thiab ua compact sized tam sim no qhov chaw. Lwm yam tshuaj hais muaj npe tom qab tus zaum uas feem ntau tsis muaj txaus tiag tiag ua daim ntawv thov, curium kuj pab kom tsim ib tug generator, muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm rau ob peb lub hlis.

mendelevium

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis nco qab txog tus creator ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS kev faib system. Mendeleev yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws zaum ntawm yav dhau los. Yog li ntawd, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov tshuaj hais yog reflected tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws cov lus, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub npe nyob rau hauv nws yawm. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw twb tau nyob rau hauv 1955 los ntawm American zaum Harvey, Ghiorso, Choppinom, Thompson thiab Seaborg. Mendelevium caij belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm actinides thiab muaj lub atomic tooj 101. Nws yog tej thiab tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ib tug nuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas Einstein. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus thawj thwmsim ntawm American zaum ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv muab mendelevium kaum xya atoms, tab sis txawm no npaum li cas txaus los mus txiav txim nws lub zog thiab kev tso kawm ntawm tus periodic rooj.

nobelium

Qhib ntawm cov tshuaj hais feem ntau tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom cua dab nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj. Qhov no siv rau cov Nobel, uas twb xub ua nyob rau hauv 1957 los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov zaum ntawm Stockholm, uas npaj mus rau npe rau nws nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev txeeb. Thaum lub atomic tooj ntawm lub caij 102, nws belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm actinides. Txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub isotopes ntawm nobelium tau muab los ntawm kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub Soviet Union, uas yog lub taub hau ntawm lub Flerov. Rau U nucleus synthesis, Pu thiab Am ions tau irradiated nrog O, N, Tsis muaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm isotopes nrog huab hwm coj tus xov tooj tau los ntawm 250 mus rau 260, feem ntau ntawm uas yog ntev-lived caij nrog ib tug ib nrab-lub neej nyob rau hauv ib tug ib nrab teev nyob rau hauv ntev. Volatility nobelium chloride zoo ib yam li lwm yam actinides, raws li kev tshwm sim tau nyob rau hauv sim kawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam.

lawrencium

Tshuaj caij ntawm tsev neeg ntawm actinides nrog atomic tooj 103, zoo li ntau lwm yam uas zoo sib xws, twb tau artificially. Ruaj isotopes ntawm Lawrence muaj. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm coj los ua ke rau hauv lub American zaum, taws Ghiorso, nyob rau hauv 1961. Cov kev sim tau yuav tsis tshwm sim dua, tab sis nws yog Ameslikas lub npe ntawm tus xaiv lub caij tseem zoo li qub. Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov isotopes yuav tau Soviet physicists nyob rau Joint lub koom haum rau Nuclear kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Dubna. Lawv tau txais los ntawm irradiation ntawm americium ceev oxygen ions. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Lawrence nucleus emits radioactivity thiab ib nrab-lub neej yog hais txog ib nrab ib feeb. Nyob rau hauv 1969, zaum los ntawm Dubna tswj kom tau lwm yam isotopes ntawm lub caij. Physicists los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Berkeley tau tsim tshiab nyob rau hauv 1971. Lawv loj tus xov tooj muaj mus txoj los ntawm 257 mus 260, thiab muab tau lub feem ntau ruaj khov isotope nrog ib tug ib nrab-lub neej ntawm peb feeb nyob rau hauv ntev. Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lawrencium li cov ntawm lwm yam hnyav actinides - nws tau tsim muaj los ntawm ntau cov kev thwmsim.

Rutherfordium

Qhia cov tshuaj hais muaj npe tom qab tus zaum uas yuav tsum twv yuav raug hu hais no. Rutherfordium muaj ib tug naj npawb 104 thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub plaub pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic system. Thawj transuranic caij mus tsim lub tswj cov pab pawg neeg ntawm zaum los ntawm Dubna nyob rau hauv 1964. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv California carbon atom bombardment nuclei. Ib tug tshiab lub caij tau txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muaj npe tom qab lub chemist Rutherford los ntawm New Zealand. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, Rutherford pom. Cov coos-nyob isotope muaj ib tug ib nrab-lub neej ntawm rau caum-tsib seconds ntev. Ua daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv no lub caij ntawm lub periodic rooj yog tsis tam sim no.

Seaborg

Tus foundations ntawm cov tshuaj hais tau los ua ib tug loj ib feem ntawm txoj hauj lwm physicist Albert Ghiorso los ntawm lub tebchaws United States. Seaborgium lawv twb tau nyob rau hauv 1974. Qhov no yog ib yam tshuaj caij los ntawm lub thib rau lub pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic rooj muaj ib tug atomic tooj ntawm 106 thiab ib tug luj 263. Nws twb pom raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub bombardment ntawm cov pa atoms californium nuclei. Cov txheej txheem muab tawm xwb ib tug ob peb atoms, yog li ib tug tshawb kom ntxaws txog cov khoom ntawm lub caij yog tsis yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, cov neeg hlau seaborgium tsis tshwm sim, ces nws yog xwb ntawm scientific txaus siab.

Boriy

Qhia cov tshuaj hais muaj npe tom qab tus zaum, nws yog muaj nqis mentioning no. Boriy hais txog lub xya pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic system ntawm Mendeleev. Nws muaj ib tug atomic tooj ntawm 107 thiab ib tug luj 262. Tus thawj lub sij hawm nws tau txais nyob rau hauv 1981 nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Darmstadt. Zaum Armbrust thiab Munzenberg txiav txim siab mus rau npe rau nws nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Niels Bohr. Kev npaj caij tau tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov Bismuth atom bombardment chromium nuclei. Boriy hais txog cov transuranic hlau. tsuas ib tug ob peb atoms twb tau nyob rau hauv lub sim, uas yog tsis txaus rau txhij txhua txoj kev kawm. Uas yog unparalleled nyob rau hauv cov xwm, Boriy tseem ceeb heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm scientific txaus siab, nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li hais saum toj no Rutherford, kuj tsim artificially nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj.