Tsis: hom uas tsis thiab yoj txhais. Hom ntawm electromagnetic thiab acoustic tsis

Cov tsis yog tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv cov dej. Lawv muaj xws li suab, lub teeb, thiab li ntawm. D. Yuav ua li cas yuav no yuav, li cas thiab lub tsis rau tag nrho cov?

essence

Qhov no lub sij hawm yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev liaj teb, tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv physics. Raws li qhov no terminology qhuab qhia cov propagation ntawm oscillations - ib tug yoj. Lus Txhais uas yooj yim, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag nws tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim. Tus neeg hais tsis txav, tiam sis tsuas yog tsiv nyob ze lawv equilibrium txaus. Nws ua raws ib tug yoj yam ntxwv: lawv yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm lub zog hloov lwm lub tsev tsis muaj ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem. Tej zaum nws tshwm sim, tab sis tsuas yog raws li ib sab nyhuv. Cov neeg uas ib zaug yog lub hiav txwv, zoo xav txog tej yam hais tias xws li ib tug yoj.

Kev Txiav Txim, tab sis yog - nws tsis yog tus tshaj plaws xwb koj yuav tsum paub, thaum confronted nrog no phenomenon. Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog hais tias nws yog heev zoo txuas nrog lub hloov mus hloov los yog li ntawd lawv yuav mus kawm ua ke, ob leeg nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav thiab nyob rau hauv xyaum.

keeb kwm

Cov tsis tau tsum generated nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Yog vim li cas rau lawv tshwm sim yog ib txwm ib excitement hais thiab tshem lawv tawm ntawm tshuav nyiaj li cas. Qhov no yuav ua tau los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb pab kiag li lawm, xws li antennas los yog dab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav yog vim hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm instabilities nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm muaj zog cua, vim hais tias ntawm uas cov dej sau ripple.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm rau hauv lub phenomenon

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub mechanism ntawm tshwm sim thiab hais tawm ntawm tsis nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev disciplines xws li oceanography, seismology, mechanics, acoustics, tshuaj thiab, ntawm chav kawm, physics raws li ib tug tag nrho, raws li zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg, twb koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam zoo-paub zaum. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws pab los ntawm tus German explorer Genrih Gerts. Nws tsim tej yam qauv thiab sab yav tas los tsis paub hais tias tshwm sim muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev sis raug zoo ntawm electromagnetic vuag, xws li cuam, diffraction thiab polarization. Nws kev tshawb fawb tau tom qab siv los tsim lub xov tooj cua. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj lwm yam zaum uas tau kawm no phenomenon thiab cov uas tau ua txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau, piv txwv li, Maxwell, tab sis hais tias lub npe twb immortalized nyob rau hauv lub Hertz chav tsev ntawm yoj zaus ntsuas.

hom tsis

Muaj ntau ntau classifications raws li ntau yam qauv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm oscillation ntawm lub yoj. Hom tsis tau rau hauv no txog kev paub: longitudinal, transverse, mixed. Muaj sib txawv heev txoj kev grouping: ib tug piav qhia ntawm qhov sib npaug, geometry, lub cev ib puag ncig, thiab thiaj li nyob ..

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm no phenomenon yog tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj tsis tshwm sim yuav tsum tau hloov xwb lub koom haum ntawm tus hais, uas muab sawv mus rau tej txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub xaav ntawm nws muaj peev xwm yuav qhia raws li lub teeb, xim, suab, radiation, thiab pom tsis tau lub qhov muag, thiab thiaj li lub zog .. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav txwv kom muab zais.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lwm distinguished neeg kho tshuab thiab electromagnetic vuag. Hom uas tsis los ntawm tus thawj qeb kuj yuav muab faib ua elastic thiab cov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov dej saum npoo. Qhov no kev faib muaj xws li cov kev saib xyuas ntawm cov propagation nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub thawj thiab nrov tshaj plaws division tsuas muaj xws li suab thiab electromagnetic vuag. Hais txog lawv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej thiab yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

piav

Tej yoj muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom thiab tsis nrog uas nws yuav tsum tau piav. Firstly, nws yog nws ntev, uas yog xws li λ (lambda). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj ib zaus, lub sij hawm thiab ceev. Nyias emit wavefront los yog nto, i.e. lub teeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yog nyob rau hauv tib theem, thiab cov nqaj los yog vector qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm hais tawm.

Nrog lub xeem ob tsis txuam lwm cais. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom yoj pem hauv ntej tej zaum yuav kheej kheej thiab tiaj tus. Mus piv rau cov lus teb thiab daws tej teeb meem yuav muab suav hais tias tiaj, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev ncua deb ntawm lub hauv paus. Rau tag nrho ntawm cov yam ntxwv, thiab emit ntau hom ntawm tsis.

piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau feem ntau intelligible tej yam xws li lub suab ntawm cov hlua los yog tus tsis tau rau hauv lub hiav txwv, nws tseem tau los xav hais tias kuj hais txog cov voj voog nyob rau hauv dej, tawm los ntawm ib tug pov pob zeb, explosions, pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv ib tug mos mos daim txaj, thiab ntau lwm yam tshwm sim. Ultraviolet los yog infrared rays, raws li zoo raws li dab tsi yog tsis audible rau tib neeg pob ntseg - yog tag nrho cov paub txog tus tib phenomenon ntawm yoj propagation. Hom uas tsis yog li miv, thiab lawv lawv tus kheej yog li ntawd, multifaceted, uas yog tiag tiag nyuaj rau cov ntseeg hais tias xws li tej yam txawv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj qhov xwm tib yam.

Suab tsis: Nta

Hearing muab ib tug neeg ib tug zoo deal ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis tsis muaj lub tsis, qhov no yuav tsis yooj yim sua. Suab variation ntawd yog hais txog elastic. Lawv peculiarity muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias qhov ntev ntawm tej tsis thiab raws li, lub zaus yog xws li hais tias lub siab yog tsis pub dhau earshot. Rau txiv neej, cov kab no yog los ntawm 20 mus rau 20,000 Hertz. Txhua yam qis yog hu ua infrasound, thiab saum toj no - ultrasound. Tus thawj yog tseem tsis zoo to taub, tab sis lub thib ob yog dav siv nyob rau hauv science, tshuaj thiab ntau lwm teb. Cov no yog cov hom ntawm lub suab tsis. Lawv cov yam ntxwv yog txiav txim los ntawm xws li tsis raws li ntev, zaus thiab thaum lawv tseem ntau hom ntawm kev co. Nyob ntawm seb nws, ntsig txog, ntim, suab thiab timbre.

Zoo li lwm yam kev yoj, lub suab ntawm cov xwm tshwm sim los ntawm deeg. Nws yuav muaj, piv txwv li, sawv ntawm ib tug hais kwv txhiaj tom ntej no mus rau lub kem. Tsis muaj peev xwm propagate nyob rau hauv ntau hom kev kawm, xws li cov kua thiab khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev nws yog ntseeg tau tias yuav inaudible suab. Uas yog vim li cas thiaj ntau reproaches mus rau Hollywood filmmakers tua scenes nrog loj heev thiab nrov explosions nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev uas muaj chaw seem. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm suab deeg thiab tsis yuav siv sij hawm ib tug loj heev seem ntawm physics - acoustics. Qhov no yog heev nthuav science muaj ntau txoj kev uas mus thov nyob rau hauv kuv lub neej. Piv txwv li, siv kev txawj ntse ntawm acoustics tsim kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab opera halls rau sawv cev tau kom meej meej audible ntawm txhua qhov chaw.

Xaav ntawm lub suab txiv neej thiab tsiaj txhu yog vim lub hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab deeg mus rau hauv hluav taws xob Pib ntsais koj teeb. Qhov no mechanism yog heev, tab sis nws tseem ceeb yuav tsis tau overemphasized. Txawm li cas los, tib yam yuav hais txog lub suab ntawm tag nrho cov. Koj muaj peev xwm siv lawv sib txuas lus, mus rau kis ntaub ntawv, hloov lub mus ob peb vas. Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov neeg, txawm yog hais tias lawv yog tawm ntawm earshot. Uas yog vim li cas muaj, piv txwv li, lub tswvyim ntawm "suab nrov muaj kuab paug". Ib chav tsev ntim tau txais yog dawb, li ntawd, muaj npe tom qab tus paub txog A. Tswb, inventor ntawm tus xov tooj.

Properties thiab hom ntawm electromagnetic vuag

Tab sis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm oscillation, yam uas yog yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam lub neej niaj hnub. Mobile tooj ntawm tes, wireless kev sib txuas lus, xov tooj cua, microwave qhov cub thiab ntau lwm yam pab kiag li lawm yuav tsis muaj nyob yog hais tias nws twb tsis tau nrhiav tau electromagnetic vuag. Thiab tsis tau nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua rau perceive xim, thiab lub teeb yuav tsis muaj nyob. Yuav ua li cas yuav koj xav txog tej yam nws?

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau qhov no zoo ntawm lub suab oscillations yuav propagate nyob rau hauv tej nruab nrab, xws li nyob rau hauv vacuo, thiab lawv ceev yog cov kev ceev ntawm lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no hom ntawm yoj yog lub hais tawm ntawm electromagnetic teb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm. Lawv cov qauv yog tsis tshua muaj nthuav, vim hais tias nws muaj ob qhov chaw. Sib Nqus thiab hluav taws xob teb cov qho tsim txhua lwm yam thiab faib raws nrog perpendicular vectors. Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm xws li ib tug yoj - nws yog ib txwm transverse. Ntxiv mus, nws yeej ib txwm siv rau lub acceleration.

Paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau hom ntawm electromagnetic vuag, nyob ntawm seb lawv ntev. Muaj 6 loj bands los ntawm tus coos rau cov shortest:

• xov tooj cua tsis;
• infrared tawg, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub tshav kub;
• pom lub teeb thiab xim;
• ultraviolet lub teeb;
• X-rays;
• gamma tawg (xws li tawg).

Nws yeej yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam lub ntiaj teb no tsis muaj tag nrho cov tshwm sim.