Typing - nws .. typing nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb

Cov ntau yam kev seevcev lus sib txawv tso cai lawv siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm tib neeg kev ua si, thiab cov kev nkag siab ntawm cov tswv yim uas sib txawv. Ib tug xws li lo lus yog multi-ncau, "typing". Cov tswvyim no yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv metrology, tsim thiab architecture. Yog siv cov sij hawm no thiab programmers.

Yuav ua li cas koj txhais li cas typing

Tshuaj ntawm ntau yam teeb meem tej zaum yuav los tsim ntau daim thiab cov qauv, uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov technologies thiab raug dab. Standardization thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm universal lub ntsiab koom nyob rau hauv typing. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus hais txog cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, kev tsim qauv, uas yuav qhov kev siv ntawm ntau yam chaw rau lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv tej yaam num. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ob peb yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo heev accelerates tus txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev los yog siv kuj yuav tsub kom cov efficiency ntawm tag nrho cov system.

Typing nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho

Nws txhais li cas rau cov typing ntawm lub builder? Feem ntau cov yuav, cov kev siv ntawm tshwj xeeb uas tsim hom ntawm cov kev cai thiab cov kev tswj, kev cuab yeej thiab lug. Qhov no typology aims ho txhim kho tej yam ntawm lub builder ua rau kom cov efficiency muab kev koom tes tshuab thiab mechanisms, leeb qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw siv.

Cov ntsiab ntawm typing paub txij ancient sij hawm. Archaeologists tau pom ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov re-siv ntawm ib tug neeg lug thooj duplicating txheem kev tsim kho kev kawm. Kev siv ntawm cais ntsiab tau tshwm sim thiab typing nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab cov classical lug ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm typing nyob rau hauv lub post-Soviet lub teb chaws architecture. Industrialization yuav tsum tau ib tug lossis loj influx ntawm lub zog quab yuam - thiab li nqi-zoo siv ntawm tus qauv thiab high-sawv vaj tse. Yog li ntawd nws nyob tus naas ej "Khrushchev" - raug tej yaam num 50-70-ies, uas, vim typing nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qhov chaw hauv lub qub Soviet Union.

Typing nyob rau hauv standardization

Standardization npog ib tug tibneeg ntau ntau yam kev cai qhuab qhia. Tsaug rau no science metering pab kiag li lawm ib yam nkaus tseem ceeb, ua hauj lwm cov cuab yeej yog tsim los rau cov tib ua hauj lwm, thiab muaj cov neeg muas zaub cov khoom ntawv pov thawj raws li cov tib tsis. Typing - yog lub tsev lag luam ntawm ntau cov kev cai thiab cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm tej yam khoom, cuab yeej thiab tshaj. Qhov no txoj kev npaj nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia standardization yees xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntxawg cov ntaub ntawv, nws muaj feem xyuam rau tus txheej txheem txoj kev xam thiab kwv yees.

Typing nyob rau hauv lub cajmeem

Nws txhais tau tias typing nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Programming, nyob rau hauv essence, yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tham thiab tib neeg lub computer. Raws li cov kev sib txuas lus, xws li ib tug kev sib tham yog tau tsuas yog los ntawm txoj kev hais lus, uas yog ib lub cuab tam rau tib neeg txhais lus commands rau hauv Pib ntsais koj teeb uas yeej to taub mus rau lub computer. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem dab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv programming nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hom lus. Ib tug loj loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm cov lus plays typing. Tus nqi thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tswvyim no ua rau typing ib lo lus nug lub hauv paus rau kev siv ntawm uas twb muaj lawm lus thiab cov creation ntawm sawv daws yuav tshiab.

Ob pawg neeg ntawm cov programming lus

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub uas twb muaj lawm lus muab faib ua ob yam loj xws li:

• untyped lus;
• ntaus hom lus.

Raws li yuav pom typing - qhov no yog qhov benchmark los ntawm cov uas mus rau faib lub loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm uas twb muaj lawm lus rau tej yam yooj yim thiab ntshiab kav. Untyped lus - assembler, Brainfuck los tau tib yam Forth - tsim rau ib tug nqaim ntau yam ntawm kev pab raws qib. Lawv yuav tsis hloov los yog txhim kho. Lwm yam - cov lus nyob rau hauv uas muaj typing. Qhov no Scala, PHP, C, sej thiab Lua, raws li zoo li ib co lwm cov cuab yeej.

Qauv ntaus hom lus

Ntaus hom lus yog ntau npaum li cas nthuav thiab daim ntau quav tso. Yog li ntawd muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau faib rau lawv dua mus rau hauv ob peb pawg raws li tej yam, uas, dua, tsis yog lub xeem lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm typing.

• Lus dynamic los yog statistical typing. Sib cais nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua rau qhov kawg hom nce mus nce los functions. Statistical typing yog ua nyob rau ntawm lub compile lub sij hawm. Hais tias yog, thaum twg qhov hais kom ua ua compiler twb "paub" nyob qhov twg mus nrhiav ib tug yam. Lwm yam ua lag ua luam - dynamic typing. Tus nqi hom yog clarified twb thaum lub sij hawm hais kom ua ua. Piv txwv li ntawm statistical typing: C, Java, C #; dynamic pab pawg yog sawv cev los ntawm: Nab hab sej, JavaScript, Ruby.
• Lus nruj thiab uas tsis yog-nruj typing. Tus thawj tsis pub lus sib tov sib txawv ntawm cov kab zauv yog siv nyob rau hauv - piv txwv li, rho infinity ntawm kev sib sau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lus tsis tau. Ib tug xav ntaus cov lus no yuav ua ib qho implicit conversion, tab sis nrog ib tug tseem ceeb tsis yog cov neeg. Piv txwv ntawm kev sib cais nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm: nruj: Nab hab sej, Lisp, Haskell, Java; lax: C, Visual Basic, JavaScript, PHP.
• Implicit thiab qhia tau meej heev typing. Sib cais yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov compiler. Ntsees ntaus lus siv tsim tshiab ntau yam ntsees. Lub implicit lus, qhov no muaj nuj nqi ntawm tus compiler. Piv txwv ntsees ntaus hom lus - C ++, D, C #. Implicit: Lua, PHP, JavaScript.

Raws li koj tau pom, typing plays ib tug loj ib feem nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev ua ub no. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub ua globalization ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm yuav tsuas ua rau kom. Kuv xav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm thiab kev rau siab rau typify tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm thiab yav tom ntej dab thiab yees, coj lawv mus rau ib qho denominator, li no heev yooj yim hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv txhua fab ntawm lub ntiaj teb.