Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam cim nyob rau hauv Suav lus? Tus xov tooj txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov teeb meem no

Suav yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob sau lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws keeb kwm mus rov qab tsawg kawg yog 3 txhiab. Years. Lub inscriptions rau nws tau pom nyob rau hauv tus vaub kib plhaub lub sij hawm lub Shang Dynasty (1766-1123 BC. E.).

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Suav sau ntawv

Suav qauv sau ntawv yog yau dua lub Sumerian los yog Iyiv, tab sis yog tsis muaj pov thawj hais tias cov invention ntawm kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev tsa tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Middle East. Lub earliest piv txwv ntawm Suav cim yog fortunetelling ntawv rau cov pob txha thiab tus neeg zoo li. Lawv muaj xws li ib tug pom yav tom ntej lo lus nug thiab lus teb. Qhov no thaum ntxov sau ntawv qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv pictograms. Piv txwv li, lo lus "nyuj" xwm lub taub hau ntawm tus tsiaj, thiab "mus" - ib daim duab ntawm lub ko taw.

Thaum lub sij hawm, li cas los xij, Suav sau ntawv tau undergone ntau cov kev hloov, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Han Dynasty (206 BC -.... 220 AD), nws twb poob lawm ntau ntawm nws descriptiveness. Niaj hnub nimno cim tau tsim dua cov III thiab IV centuries n. e. Kuj ceeb tias, tab sis tom qab uas lawv yuav luag tsis hloov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau tus txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv, muaj kuj yog ib tug ob peb thawj. Cov feem ntau tsaoshu thiab Xingsheng. Tus thawj zoo yog heev yooj yim mus nyeem rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia. Xingsheng yog ib hom ntawm nruab nrab ntawm kev kub ceev thiab tsaoshu txheem tsab ntawv. Qhov no daim ntawv yog dav siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Tuam Tshoj.

Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam cim nyob rau hauv Suav lus?

Los sawv cev rau txhua morpheme phau ntawv txhais lus, Suav siv ib zaug xwb yus ua cim. Feem coob ntawm cov cim sau versions ntawm hais suab uas muaj lub ntsiab lus. Txawm hais tias kev sau ntawv system varied lub sij hawm vim revolutions thiab kev nom kev tswv upheavals, nws tej hauv paus ntsiab, nrog rau cov cim nyob twj ywm lom zem ntau lub tib.

Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas cov cim nyob rau hauv Suav lus? Txawm hais tias lawv tus xov tooj yog kwv yees li nyob rau hauv lub kaum ntawm txhiab (eg, phau ntawv txhais lus "Zhonghua tszyhay" muaj ntau tshaj 85 txhiab. Logograms), feem ntau ntawm lawv pom xwb nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawv yog tsis meej los yog spellings ntawm tib lo lus. Loj phau ntawv txhais lus feem ntau muaj 40 txhiab. Tej yam tshwm sim thiab nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm yog txaus paub 2-3 txhiab. Cim.

Yog li, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam cim nyob rau hauv Suav lus, nyob ntawm seb dab tsi lawv ntseeg. Yog hais tias koj siv txoj kev uas yog siv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, lawv muaj pes tsawg yog muaj infinite, raws li zoo raws li lub xov tooj uas tau spellings bzgranichno, cawm thiab typographical uas tsis.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj ntau ntau yam suav dialects, daim ntawv sau cov lus yog ib qho kev sib txuas lus. Txawm hais tias cov neeg tsis to taub nws rau cov neeg nyob ntawm lwm lub xeev, lawv yuav tau mus "tham" nrog ib tug cwj mem thiab ntawv. Suav sau ntawv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub hom: Yooj yim zog, Tsoos thiab Phonetic. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kuj yog ib daim ntawv hu ua "Pinin", sawv cev rau transcription Suav Latin cov tsiaj ntawv.

Suav niam ntawv

Suav sau ntawv system twb tsis muaj cov tsiaj ntawv uas muaj lub cim rau kis tau tus mob ntawm lub suab units, los yog phonemes. Xwb, nws muaj ib tug txheej ntawm tej yam tshwm sim los yog logos, uas yog cov units ntawm lub ntsiab lus los yog morpheme (ie. E. Lo lus). Raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv Suav muaj ntau txhiab tus cov lus. Yog li ntawd, qhov no sau ntawv system yuav tsum tau txhiab tus cim los sawv cev rau txhua yam ntawm lawv cov cim morpheme.

Thaum sau ntawv cim txawv siv lub "cov tsiaj ntawv" ntawm Suav cov lus, muaj raws ntawm 12 yooj yim nraaj ntsiab. Ib txhia cim muaj ib los yog ob kab, thaum lwm tus neeg tej zaum yuav mus txog 84. Txawm tias qhov khoob ntawm cov Suav cim yog tsis muab, txij thaum kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua sau ntawv system twb supplemented nrog ib co yooj yim cim tias. Piv txwv li, lub hollow voj voog kos tus cim rau ntawm cov kab lus, raws li ib tug tsis nco qab, exclamation thiab lo lus nug tias.

Suav lus, cim Ameslikas xwm neeg, tsiaj txhu los yog khoom, tab sis tiam dhau ib tiam los ua nce stylized thiab tsis zoo li cas lawv sawv cev rau. Txawm tias lawv muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 56 txhiab, feem coob ntawm lawv yog cov tsis paub hais tias mus rau lub raug kev nyeem ntawv -. Nws yog tsim nyog los paub rau kev kawm ntawv xwb 3,000 ntawm lawv. Tej zaum qhov no daim duab yog ntseeg xwb teb rau lo lus nug, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam suav cim.

yooj yim to taub logograms

Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm txhiab tus cim nyob rau hauv 1956 coj mus rau lub fact tias cov sau ntawv ntawm Suav cim tau yooj yim zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, hais txog 2,000 logograms ua yooj yim rau kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv. Lawv kuj tau qhia nyob rau hauv Mandarin Chinese cov chav kawm txawv teb chaws. Cov cim yog yooj yim, i.e. tsawg yog graphic ntsiab dua pa.

Yooj yim zog cim tau muaj rau pua xyoo, tab sis twb officially muaj nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsuas yog tom qab lub founding ntawm lub PRC nyob rau hauv 1950, ua rau kom cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov pejxeem. Yooj yim zog logograms siv nrov txhua txhua hnub ntawv xov xwm "Cov neeg tus Txhua hnub", lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv lub subtitles thiab video xov xwm. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg uas yog cov zoo-sau ntawv, tej zaum yuav tsis paub cov tsoos version.

Qhov no system yog txheem nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj (tshwj tsis yog Hong Kong) thiab Singapore, thiab Tsoos suav tseem yuav tus txheej txheem rau Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, Kauslim, Nyiv thiab lwm lub teb chaws.

phonetic sau ntawv

Hais lus Cantonese tsim lawv tus kheej system ntawm phonetic cim. Cov cim no yeej siv nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos suav cim, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub comics los yog kev lom zem seem ntawm ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine. Feem ntau cov cim yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus. Kev logograms yog siv rau lub kis tau tus mob ntawm Cantonese.

Pinyin

Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab mus ua lub lus Suav ntau to taub rau Western Tuam Tshoj tsim lub "pinyin" system. Yuav kom hloov cov lus nws siv lub Latin niam ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1977, Suav cov tub ceev xwm tau ua ib tug formal thov mus rau lub tebchaws United Nations rau lub npe ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj siv pinyin system. Pinyin yog siv los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj ntau me ntsis txog cov lub Latin tsiaj ntawv thiab kawm hais lus Suav.