West Russia: piav qhia, nthuav cov lus tseeb thiab cov keeb kwm. Western thiab Eastern Russia - Keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, Western Russia muaj xws li cov cheeb tsam bordering nrog Hungary, Poland thiab Lithuania. Txij thaum pib ntawm nom tswv fragmentation nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam muaj ob peb principalities, sib xeem ib leeg lwm yam rau cov hlau lead.

Ib feem ntawm Kievan Rus '

Ua ntej lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ancient Lavxias teb sab xeev nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Western Russia nyob pab pawg neeg cov tsev koom nyiaj ntawm Eastern Slavs: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi thiab dawb Croats. Nyob rau hauv IX-X centuries. lawv tau txuas mus rau Kiev. Qhov no tus txheej txheem tau ua kom tiav thaum lub sij hawm lub reign Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb sab ib Baltic pab pawg neeg: Lithuania, Prussia thiab Zhmud. Cov neeg uas nyob hauv Baltic ntug dej hiav txwv mus pauv nrog lub Slavs zib ntab thiab cov amber. Rau ib tug thaum lawv tsis ua rau txaus ntshai rau Russia. Nws yog zog npaum li cas western cov neeg nyob ze - lub Polish Kingdom. Lub Slavic neeg ua kevcai raus dej raws li cov Roman kev cai. Cov kev sib txawv ntawm Catholics thiab Orthodox tau ib tug ntawm cov ua ntawm nro ntawm Russia thiab Poland. Nyob rau hauv 981 Vladimir Liab hnub tau tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog nyob rau hauv tub huabtais Mieszko kuv thiab yeej yog li ntawd-hu ua thaj av ntawm Cherven, uas yog lub ntsiab lub nroog ntawm Przemysl.

Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Russia twb lub steppes, uas twb tsev mus rau lub Turkic-hais lus nomads. Thawj muaj lub Pechenegs. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua X yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm lub Polovtsy. Attendance nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog hais tias lawv ob qho tib si steppe txheej txheem kev mus ua si rau Russia, nrog los ntawm looting thiab ua phem tawm tsam civilians.

Lub sij hawm ntawm nom tswv fragmentation

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo nyob rau hauv 1054 unified Laus Lavxias teb sab xeev twb muab faib ua ob peb principalities. Qhov no txoj kev tau gradual. Nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov Kievan princes, xws li cov Vladimir Monomakh, lub teb chaws dua yuav holistic. Txawm li cas los, kev sib ceg thiab agnatic laus tshaj thaum kawg muab faib Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XI lub ntsiab nqi zog nyob rau hauv Western Russia yog Volyn nrog nws capital nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav dynasty

Ntawm no entrenched dynasty los ntawm Rostislav Vladimirovich - tus tub xeeb ntxwv Yaroslava Mudrogo ntawm lub senior kab. Raws, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus zag txawm muaj kev cai lij choj txoj cai rau Kiev, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub "niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub zos" entrenched lwm Rurik. Thaum xub thawj tus me nyuam tau nyob hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - Kiev tswv xeev. Nyob rau hauv 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers thiab ncaws tawm tawm ntawm tus tub huabtais Vladimir, thiab rau ib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tag nrho cheeb tsam.

Thaum kawg Rostislavichi seized Volyn tom qab Lyubech Congress nyob rau hauv 1097 thiab lub ensuing civil tsov rog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv cov nom tswv paub txog rau lwm yam me me zos nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam (sib nrug los ntawm Vladimir thiab Przemysl) - Terebovlya thiab Dorogobuzh. Tus tub xeeb ntxwv Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich nyob rau hauv 1140 merged lawv thiab tsim lub tshiab nqi zog nrog nws capital nyob rau hauv Galicia. Nws cov inhabitants tau zus nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub ntsev luam nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze. Western Russia yog strikingly sib txawv ntawm cov tuab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj nyob qhov twg lub Slavs nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov nyob ze ntawm lub Finnish pab pawg neeg.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Thaum tus tub ntawm Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (kav 1153-1187 gg.) Galician nqi zog tej golden hnub nyoog. Tag nrho cov thaum lub sij hawm nws reign nws sim kom tiv thaiv cov hegemony ntawm Kiev thiab nws cov alliance nrog Vladimir-Volyn. Qhov no nriaj twb nyob rau hauv kev vam meej. Nyob rau hauv 1168, nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub Coalition ntawm princes Andreya Bogolyubskogo yuav Kiev thiab ntxeev siab rau nws plunder, tom qab uas lub nroog yeej tsis zoo tu qab tso. Nws nom tswv tseem ceeb tsis yeem, thiab Galich, on qhov tsis tooj, yog qhov chaw ntawm Western Russia.

Jaroslav coj ib tug active txawv teb chaws txoj cai, nkag mus rau hauv alliances thiab sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Hungary thiab Poland. Txawm li cas los, nrog cov tuag rau Osmomysl Galicia pib strife. Nws tus tub thiab successor, Vladimir Yaroslavich muaj leej twg paub lub supremacy ntawm lub Rostov tub huabtais Vsevolod lub loj zes. Nws tsis nrog tus Boyar tawm tsam thiab kev twb nws thiaj li ntiab tawm ntawm lawv tus kheej lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw hu ua Volyn tub huabtais Roman Mstislavovich, nqa ua ke lub ob feem nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog centralized nqi zog.

Association ntawm Galicia thiab Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - tsis zoo li yav dhau los Galich princes - yog ib tug ncaj qha xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv Vladimira Monomaha. Raws li nws tus niam, nws yog ib tug txheeb ze ntawm lub Polish txiav txim dynasty. Nws tsis yog li ntawd ib tug me nyuam coj mus nyob rau hauv Krakow.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman tuaj mus Galich, ua ke nrog rau cov Polish pab tub rog, uas tau muab rau nws los ntawm vaj ntxwv - nws pab pawg phooj ywg. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1199. Qhov no hnub yog suav hais tias yog hnub ntawm lub creation ntawm ib tug tib Galicia-Volyn nqi zog. Keeb kwm ntawm Western Russia lub sij hawm no yog ib qho kev nthuav interweaving ntawm medieval Slavic txoj cai.

Roman Mstislavovich ob zaug yuav Kiev, tab sis tsis tau txais nws tus tub vaj ntxwv, thiab muab tso rau hauv lub zwm txwv ntawm lub zos cov tibneeg ncaj ncees uas pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv poluvassalnoy nyob ntawm nws. Qhov zoo tsim nyog ntawm cov Galician hauv lub xeev yog lub koom haum ntawm ib tug series ntawm campaigns tiv thaiv cov Polovtsian, uas muaj feem xyuam rau ob qho tib si Western thiab Eastern Russia. Sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov nomads, Roman resorted mus rau kev pab los ntawm tag nrho nws cov txheeb ze los ntawm lub Rurik dynasty. Muaj unconfirmed kev tshawb xav yog tias nyob rau hauv 1204, tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Constantinople rau nws khiav exiled huab tais Alexios III Angelos.

Sib ntaus sib tua rau nws tus txiv Daniel qub txeeg qub teg

Roman Mstislavovich tuag nyob rau hauv 1205 tom qab ib tug mus yos hav zoov kev huam yuaj. Nws tus tub Daniel yog cia li ib tug me nyuam mos liab. Galician boyars coj kom zoo dua ntawm no, depriving nws ntawm lub zwm txwv. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, Daniel tiv thaiv nrog txoj kev txhaum aristocracy, Lavxias teb sab princes thiab western cov neeg nyob ze rau hauv txoj cai rov qab mus rau nws tus txiv qub txeeg qub teg. Nws yog ib tug kaj era uas muaj txhua hom ntawm cov txheej xwm. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Daniel Romanovich Western Rus mus txog nws cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv txoj kev vam meej.

Pillar hwj chim vaj ntxwv yog serviceman chav kawm ntawv, thiab hauv nroog uas nyob, uas txhawb tus uas kav lub tu plaub. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev kaj siab thiab txoj kev vam meej, Daniel pab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab castles thiab khoom chaw zov me nyuam, nyiam enterprising tub txawj tub ntse thiab cov neeg txawj artisans. Thaum nws nrhiav tau thiab Lviv Hill.

Tus Golden muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Western Russia

Thaum ncav tiav hluas, nyob rau hauv 1215 ib tug me nyuam tub yog tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Volyn. Qhov no qub txeeg qub teg thiab ua nws cov ntsiab Patrimony. Nyob rau hauv 1238, nws thaum kawg rov qab lub nqi zog ntawm Galich, thiab ib tug ob peb lub hlis yuav Kiev. Lub flourishing ntawm tshiab powers tiv thaiv tau tus Mongol ntxeem tau. Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1223 cov hluas Daniel nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov Slavic None coalition koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka. Ces tus Mongols staged mus sib tua Polovtsian steppe. Swb tus phooj ywg rog, lawv so, tab sis tuaj rov qab rau hauv lub lig 30-ies. Thaum xub thawj, cov North-Eastern Russia twb devastated. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub lem ntawm lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Daniel. Txawm li cas los, vim rau qhov tseeb hais tias lub Mongols muaj markedly poistrepali nws pab tub rog, nws muaj peev xwm kom tsis txhob muaj xws loj loj puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke ntawm Oka thiab Klyazma.

Daniel sim mus tua cov Mongolian kev hem thawj los ntawm nkag mus rau hauv alliances nrog cov Catholic lub teb chaws. Thaum nws Galician Rus thiab Western teb chaws Europe sib koom thiab hloov pauv nrog txhua lwm yam. Hoping pab, Daniel txawm pom zoo los txais lub koob muaj npe npe los ntawm Pope, thiab nyob rau hauv 1254 los ua tus huab tais ntawm Russia.

Nws lub hwj chim yog nyob rau par nrog cov haib Poland thiab Hungary. Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum lub North-West Russia raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov Crusaders, thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Mongols, Daniel tswj kom kev thaj yeeb nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1264, tawm hauv ib tug zoo legacy rau lawv cov offspring.

Cov poob thiab tsis muaj kev ywj pheej

Cov me nyuam thiab cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Daniel twb tsis tau muaj nom tswv kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov sab hnub poob. Galich thiab Volyn av twb muab faib nruab nrab Poland thiab Lithuania, uas coj tshaj lub qub Lavxias teb sab principalities los ntawm dynastic kev sib yuav, thiab nyob rau hauv lub pretext ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub Mongols. Nyob rau hauv 1303 tus kheej archdiocese, uas yog ncaj qha subordinate mus rau lub Patriarch ntawm Constantinople nws tau tsim rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Lub sib ntaus nrog Russia tshaj nws cov western cov neeg nyob ze thaum Poland thiab Lithuania yog muab faib nruab nrab Galicia-Volyn qub txeeg qub teg. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1392. Tsis ntev, qhov ob haiv neeg tau kos npe rau ib pab neeg thiab tsim ib zaug xwb Rzeczpospolita. Lub sij hawm "Western Russia" tau maj ua archaic.