Yog vim li cas Epiphany lub npe hu ua lub Wise? Diam duab thiab biography ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise

Vim lub keeb kwm cov phau ntawv, muaj ntau yam ntawm peb yog cov paub txog neeg nto moo los ntawm lub hnub nyoog, xws li tus poj generals, politicians thiab kws tshawb fawb. Tab sis, Tu siab, lub tsev kawm ntawv tsuas yog muab ib tug me me ntsis ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm cov nuj nqis, uas yog nqa los ntawm nws lub neej txoj kev txawj ntse thiab siab dawb siab zoo, thiab perpetuated lub keeb kwm tseeb.

Kev yuav txhim kho tau nws thiab paub txog ib tug zoo kawg thiab tiag tus txiv neej uas pious neeg thiab churched lub npe hu ua St. Epiphanius cov Wise (yees duab nekanonizirovannykh St., hmoov tsis, tsis muaj nyob tom qab thiaj li muaj ntau lub xyoo). Nws - tus neeg sau ntawm biographical ntawv txog mas cov neeg ntawm nws lub sij hawm, coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub chronicle tseem ceeb txheej xwm ntawm lub era thiab yog yuav muaj feem xyuam rau txoj nyob rau hauv high zej zog. Lub neej ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise, ib txoj kev ntawm nws kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm, uas txuj ci tseem ceeb dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no, yog piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Tsis hnub yug

Nws yog tsis paub thaum nws tau yug los rau Epiphany cov Wise. Biography mlom muaj txaus meager thiab tej zaum kuj tsis muaj tseeb cov lus qhia: Rev. Epiphanius nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 14th pua, li ntawd, nws tsis yog li ntawd tom qab thiaj li muaj ntau ntau pua xyoo tom qab nws tuag, tus txiv neej no umneyshem muaj me ntsis cov lus qhia. Tab sis tseem muaj cov khoom noj sau cov lus tseeb ntawm disparate daim ntxiv mus rau ib tug tej lub neej zaj dab neeg txog ib tug haujsam Epiphany.

gifted novice

Lub thoob plaws tswv yim hais tias lub neej ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise pib nyob rau hauv Rostov. Nws sab ntsuj plig txoj kev hluas Epiphany pib nyob rau hauv nws hometown, nyob rau hauv lub monastery ntawm St. Grigoriya Bogoslova, ib tug feature ntawm uas yog hais tias muaj cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv ob yam lus. Lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic thiab Greek.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ob hom lus tsis ncaj ncees monastery nto moo rau nws zoo kawg li cov tsev qiv ntawv uas muaj ib tug ntau phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus. Ib tug nug lub siab thiab irrepressible nqhis dej rau kev txawj ntse industrious novice coj mus rau lub fact tias nws siv sij hawm tshaj lub folios, kawm lus txawv, raws li zoo raws li chronographs, Ntaiv, biblical ntawv, keeb kwm Byzantine thiab ancient ntaub ntawv.

Ib tug loj loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Epiphany ua si ib tug nyob ze kev sib raug zoo nrog Stefan Perm - lub neej yav tom ntej neeg dawb huv, uas tau txais kev pab nyob rau tib lub monastery. Erudition thiab broad-minded - ib qho ntawm yog vim li cas vim li cas lub Epiphany tau muaj npe Wise.

cua ntawm wanderings

Dhau li phau ntawv Epiphany kos paub nyob rau hauv nws tsev. Muaj pov thawj hais tias tus mlom ib tug ntau ntawm txawv tebchaws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no: nws yog nyob rau hauv Constantinople, ua ib tug pilgrimage rau Mount Athos nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yeluxalees, thiab feem ntau cov neeg tuaj mus rau Moscow thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab zos thiab lub zos. Ntawv pov thawj ntawm mus ncig teb chaws mus rau Yeluxalees yog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm "Tales Epiphany Mnich rau txoj kev mus rau lub nroog dawb huv ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees." Thaj, lub kev txawj ntse tau los ntawm ib tug haujsam nyob rau hauv lub expeditions, kuj pab raws li ib lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yog vim li cas lub Epiphany tau muaj npe Wise.

Gramotnik Trinity Monastery

Tomqab kawm tas txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub monastery ntawm St. Georgiya Bogoslova lub neej ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise txuas ntxiv ntawm Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1380, nws pauv mus rau Trinity monastery thiab mus rau tus naas ej ascetic nyob rau hauv Russia - St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh - apprentice. Nyob rau hauv no monastery nws twb teev gramotnikom Epiphany thiab coj ib tug active knigopisatelskuyu kev ua ub no. Pov thawj ntawm no qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub pawg ntawm phau tau txhais nyob rau hauv lub Sergiev-Trinity Lavra pom sau los ntawm nws "Stihirar" muaj ntau yam ntxiv thiab sau ntawv mus rau nws lub npe.

Literature thiab teeb duab

Nyob rau hauv 1392, tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws saib thiab sab ntsuj plig txiv Sergiya Radonezhskogo, lub neej ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise yog niaj tseem ceeb cov kev hloov: nws pauv mus rau Moscow nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Metropolitan Cyprian, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nrog tus artist Theophanes lub Greek, uas tom qab nws yuav khi ntev phooj ywg. Cov artist thiab nws ua hauj lwm ua nyob rau haujsam raws li ib tug ntev lub tswv yim thiab ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib indescribable xyiv fab hais tias Epiphany thiab nws tau pib mus rau xim.

Lo lus ntawm Stefan Perm

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1396 tuag blagopriyatel monk-chronicler Npis Sov Stefan Permsky. Thiab tom qab ib tug thaum obsessed qhia lub ntiaj teb no hais txog tej kev St. Epiphanius cov Wise sau "Lub neej ntawm Stephen ntawm Perm." Qhov no ua hauj lwm - tsis yog ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws biography, thiab cov tsoos tsev teev ntuj thiab qhia piav qhia txog tag nrho cov koob hmoov ntawm tus npis sov ntawm Perm: Epiphany ua koomtxoos nco txog Stephen raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv, uas tsim lub Perm ntawv, kos rau lwm haiv neeg mus rau hauv lub Christian txoj kev ntseeg, smashed mlom thiab ua Christian churches nyob rau hauv lub pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Komi haiv neeg.

Lub exploits ntawm Stephen ntawm Perm rau Epiphany Christian teb equates rau keeb kwm cov txheej xwm, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau yav tom ntej txawj zoo ntawm "Lub neej ntawm Stefan ntawm Perm '- qhov no yog ib qho muaj nuj nqis keeb kwm qhov twg los, vim hais tias sib nrug los ntawm cov cwm pwm ntawm Stephen Npis Sov nws muaj overarching tseeb kev cob cog rua nrog ethnography, kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub ancient lub sij hawm thiab txheej xwm noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Perm, nws kev sib raug zoo nrog Moscow thiab cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Ib tug exceptional thiab hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj txuj ci tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv no txawj ua hauj lwm.

Contemporaries nyuaj heev muab kev nyeem ntawv ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise. Ntawm no yog ob peb lo lus uas feem ntau tam sim no nyob rau hauv tales Epiphany:

• cov teb chaws;
• Nco DRC Ameslikas Ruthenian;
• polunoschnyya, glagolemyya;
• los ntawm ib tug niam txiv txhob txwm tshaj tawm;
• velikyya cleric;
• takozh ib tug Christian.

Raws li lub sij hawm kis tau, chronicle lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tsis txawj txaus thiab paub ntawm cov lo lus haujsam qhuas cov pundits. Qhov no yog vim li cas lwm yog vim li cas lub Epiphany tau muaj npe Wise.

Ya mus rau Tver

Nyob rau hauv 1408, txaus ntshai tshwm sim: rau Moscow poob obsessed ua tsov ua rog siab phem Yedigei Khan nrog nws pab tub rog. Lub neej ntawm Vajtswv-fearing Epiphanius cov Wise yuav ua rau ib tug ntse tig: ib tug coj knigopisets sau nyob rau hauv Tver, tsis nco qab coj lawv tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv Tver Epiphany sheltered Archimandrite Cawm Seej txoj kev Monastery Afanasyeva Cornelius (nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - Cyril).

Mlom Epiphanius nyob rau hauv Tver ntau li ntau raws li 6 xyoo, thiab ntau lub xyoo muaj zog cov phooj ywg nrog Cornelius. Nws Epiphanius Archimandrite hais txog cov hauj lwm ntawm Feofana Greka, mas commending lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov artist. Epiphanius hais Cyril uas Theophane tau pleev xim rau txog 40 pawg ntseeg thiab ob peb cov vaj tse nyob rau hauv Constantinople, Cafe, Chalcedon, Moscow thiab Novgorod. Nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv mus rau Archimandrite Epiphany kuj hu nws tus kheej lub icon-neeg pleev kob, uas yog, phau ntawv illustrations, thiab sau ntawv hais tias nws paintings - nws tsuas yog ib daim ntawv creativity Feofana Greka.

haiv neeg abode

Nyob rau hauv 1414 Epiphanius cov Wise rov qab mus rau lub teb chaws - mus rau lub Trinity Monastery, uas los ntawm ces twb hu ua Trinity-Sergius (nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Sergiya Radonezhskogo). Txawm tias ua hauj lwm rau ib tug biography ntawm Stephen ntawm Perm, raws li zoo raws li lub txuas ntxiv hav zoov ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub tsev monastery, Epiphany tseem ua ntaub ntawv thiab teev cov lus tseeb ntawm cov kev uas nws cob Grigoriev monastery, sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv ua pov thawj thiab lawv tus kheej pom. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1418 nws tau sau Epiphanius cov Wise "Lub neej Sergiya Radonezhskogo". Nws muab nws ib tug ntev 20 xyoo. Kom sai sau ntawv monk Corporate cov ntaub ntawv thiab ... ua siab tawv qhawv.

Lo lus ntawm Sergii Radonezhskom

"Lub neej ntawm Sergiya Radonezhskogo" - txawm ntau voluminous ua hauj lwm tshaj "Cov lus ntawm lub neej thiab tej lus qhia ntawm peb cov Vaj Leej Txiv Stephen, ib tug qub npis sov ntawm Perm." Nws txawv los ntawm tus thawj "Lub neej ntawm" ib tug nplua mais ntawm biographical cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej Sergiya Radonezhskogo, thiab muaj ib tug ntau leej sib lawv liag ib theem zuj zus ntawm cov txheej xwm. Tshwj xeeb mention yuav tsum tau inscribed nyob rau hauv ib tug "Lub neej" yog ib cov keeb kwm fact hais txog qhov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tub huabtais Dmitry Donskoy nrog lub Tartar pab tub rog siab phem Khan Mamai. Nws Sergiy Radonezhsky foom koob hmoov rau tus tub huabtais nyob rau hauv cov nyaum phiaj los nqis tes.

Ob leeg "Lub neej" - ib tug thiaj ua rau lub Epiphany cov Wise nyuab fates ntawm lub ntsiab cim, lawv tus cwj pwm txawv thiab txoj kev xav. Hais plaub ntug ntawm lub Epiphany nyeem complex epithets, florid nqe lus, txhais thiab ntau yam allegories. Tus sau nws tus kheej hu nws kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov tswv yim ua "lus cobwebs."

Ntawm no yog cov feem ntau cov lus ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise, coj los ntawm cov "Lub neej ntawm Sergiya Radonezhskogo":

• Koj byst;
• Sixth sedmits;
• chetverodesyatny hnub;
• Nqa mladenets;
• vzdayusche;
• Yako tib priasta;
• kupno qub;
• iereivi povelevayuscha.

Tej zaum nws yog xws li ib tug txawv txawv txoj kev uas yuav knigopisaniya muab ib qho lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yog vim li cas lub Epiphany tau muaj npe Wise.

Lwm zoo-paub version ntawm "Lub neej ntawm Sergiya Radonezhskogo" nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm muaj ua tsaug rau cov ua ntawm Mount Athos monk Pachomius Serbs uas nyob rau hauv lub Trinity-Sergius Monastery nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1440 los ntawm 1459. Nws tau tsim ib tug tshiab version ntawm "Nyob" tom qab St. Sergius canonized. Pachomius lub Serb hloov cov style thiab Nkij los txuam rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Epiphanius cov Wise narrative txog kev nrhiav lub relics ntawm Reverend thiab piav txog tus posthumous txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm tsim dua Sergius ntawm Radonezh.

Tsis hnub ntawm txoj kev tuag

Raws li zoo raws li lub hnub yug yog tsis paub hais tias Epiphanius cov Wise, twb tsis tau tsim thiab lub caij nyoog hnub ntawm nws txoj kev tuag. Qhov chaw sib txawv hais tias knigopisets rov mus saum ntuj ceeb tsheej nyob hauv lub luv ntawm 1418 thiab 1419 xyoo. Kwv yees li ntawm rau lub Hlis demise - Lub kaum hli ntuj.

Hnub ntawm Remembrance ntawm Epiphany cov Wise - nyob rau hauv 14 Lub rau hli ntuj. Rau hnub tim, nws twb tsis tau canonized, uas yog tsis canonized. Tab sis, feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, nws tsuas yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm ...