Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv: cov qauv thiab txoj kev npaj

Lo lus "sau ntawv" los ntawm Fabkis rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Nws mus rov qab dabneeg rau ib tug Latin tswvyim, uas txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv translation "Uas". Fabkis lub sij hawm txhais los ntawm "kos duab", "cua ntsawj ntshab", "sim", "xeem", "kev". Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav qhia rau koj txog yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Koj yuav kawm tau dab tsi yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem, yog dab tsi nws cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tsis tas li ntawd yuav pab tau tswv yim yuav tau muab nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm, tom qab nyeem ntawv hais tias, koj yuav to taub yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, zoo nkauj thiab nthuav. Peb pib nrog ib tug txhais ntawm lub sij hawm.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug sau ntawv?

Cov tsab ntawv yog ib tug prose ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug dawb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib tug me me volume, uas qhia tus kheej views thiab yaam puab paub nyob rau hauv ib yam kev kawm los yog qhov teeb meem thiab tsis yog yuav los yuav exhaustive los yog nam txiav txim kev kho mob ntawm cov ntawv no.

Nyob rau hauv tso ua ke LP nas explanatory phau ntawv txhais lus nws yog txhais raws li nram no: nws yog ib tug kos, uas hlub ib co teeb meem nyob rau hauv free daim ntawv es tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug scientific systematic yam.

Tig mus rau Collegiate phau ntawv txhais lus, peb pom tias kev sau ntawv yog ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawv thuam, philosophical, journalistic, keeb kwm, biographical prose uas combines tus neeg sau txoj hauj lwm, underlined nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nrog ib tug nteg-rov qab, feem ntau paradoxical nqe lus ntawm, nyob ze rau qhov hais lus.

Lub Luv Literary Encyclopedia hais tias tus sau ntawv - me me nyob rau hauv loj, muaj ib tug dawb muaj pes tsawg leeg uas luag tej hauj lwm, uas hlub tej ntsiab thiab yog ib qho los pab qhia tus neeg sau tus kheej views los yog yaam puab paub nrog nws.

tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ib tug sau ntawv

- Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib qhov teeb meem los yog lub ntsiab lus. Dlhau rau lub tsom xam ntawm loj set ntawm cov teeb meem cov khoom tsis tau los ntawm txhais tau ua nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem raws li tsab ntawv.

- Nws qhia lub tas ib tug neeg tswv yim thiab kev tshoov siab rau ib co teeb meem los yog kev kawm, tsis yog yuav exhaustive thiab defining txhais ntawm ib tug kawm. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, mus saib hauv qab no.

- Essay, raws li ib tug txoj cai, implies lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug tshiab, pleev xim rau subjective lo lus hais txog dab tsi. Cov khoom tej zaum yuav muaj keeb kwm thiab biographical, philosophical, kev sau ntawv thiab tseem ceeb heev, journalistic, nrov scientific los yog cov zajlus ua cim.

- Ua ntej no ntawm tag nrho cov, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog kwv yees li qhia tias yog leejtwg ntawm tus sau, nws xav thiab txoj kev xav, outlook.

Lub creator ntawm kev sau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem

Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem tau ua heev nrov nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. Nws yog suav hais tias yog creator ntawm Michel de Montaigne (sau ntawm "kev", tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1580). Nws yog ntawm no tias peb nrhiav tau cov thawj cov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau clarified tias tus sau ntawm no sau ntawv philosophical tsab ntawv. Cov phau ntawv muaj tshooj xws li, piv txwv li, "Tus conceit", "Nyob rau paub zoo thiab phem". Txawm li cas los, cov heev qauv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tus sau lub tswv yim yuav pab tau koj nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam kev kawm.

Essay sau ntawv yog tam sim no heev tshuaj pleev. Tam sim no, qhov no hom ntawm kev ua hauj lwm raws li txoj hauj lwm yog muaj ntau zaus. Piv txwv li, lub CSE muaj xws li sau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau kev txais neeg kawm mus rau ntau yam tsev kawm ntawv, los yog, piv txwv li, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Sib txeeb tej hauj lwm tso cai rau koj los mus xaiv tus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Vim li cas peb sau ib tsab ntawv?

Ib tug lub hom phiaj uas tau teev nws tus kheej ib tsab ntawv - los tsim muaj tswv yim xav ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab lub peev xwm los qhia kev xav nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Qhov no yog heev pab tau vim nws yuav pab tus neeg sau rau kawm tau li cas kom raug thiab kom meej meej articulate lawv cov kev xav, siv cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tswv yim rau kev teeb tsa ntaub ntawv, highlight qhov link ntawm ua thiab txhob nyhuv, piv txwv li cov piv txwv ntawm theses substantiate cov uas nrhiav tau.

tsis muaj zajlus

Tus thawj feature ntawm kev sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - yog cov tsis muaj nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub classic zaj dabneeg. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, koj muaj peev xwm muab ntau yam piv txwv ntawm lub neej, tab sis tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau tsuas yog ib tug piv txwv txog lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.

adelomorphous

Lwm feature - tus indefinite daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog ua tau, raws li lawv hais, kis lub tswv yim ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab rau cov uas tsis muaj ib tug yuav qhia tau rau koj lub lo lus phem. Tag nrho cov uas los rau lub siab, nws tseem tau mus ua rau ntawm daim ntawv, rau kev tsom xam, thiab ces sum txog lub saum toj no.

Lub volume ntawm tsab ntawv

Nco ntsoov hais tias qhov ntim ntawm tsab ntawv no yog haum me me, tab sis tseeb thaj tsam thaum nws muaj tsis tau. Nws yog hais txog peb mus rau xya nplooj ntawv sau nyob rau hauv computer cov ntawv nyeem. Thaum Harvard ua lag ua luam Tsev Kawm Ntawv, piv txwv li, lub muaj kev sau ntawv ntau ntau rau xwb ob nplooj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv domestic universities tso cai npaum li cas mus txog kaum typewritten nplooj ntawv.

Ib qho teeb meem los yog lus nug

Lwm feature yog hais tias lub homphiaj ntawm cov neeg sau txoj reflections yuav tsum tau ib tug teeb meem (ib txhia insoluble teeb meem). Cov kev kawm yuav tsum tau kom meej meej tseg. Cov tsab ntawv yuav pom nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug ntau yam, encompass ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tswv yim (kev xav). Nws tsuas qhia ib lub tswv yim, lwm cov kev xaiv, thiab npaj rau lawv. Hais tias yog, nws yog cia li tau cov lus teb rau ib co lus nug.

tus kheej lub tswv yim

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau tsuas rau qhia lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim. Cov tsab ntawv tsis kam lees yuav lub xwb yog taw tes ntawm view, txawm yog hais tias nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus thiab cov pov thawj. Nws yog yuav tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kev seevcev ntawm no qhov teeb meem. Sau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - tsis yog ib tug scientific ua hauj lwm.

Simulating ib tug kev sib tham nrog rau cov nyeem ntawv

Cov tom ntej no kuv xav hais yog tias thaum tsim lub sau ntawv yog raws li yog hais tias tus imitation ntawm nyob sib tham nrog tus nyeem ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau ua, kom hu rau ntau yam teeb meem tsa li hlawv ntsiab lus raws li yog hais tias koj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws nyob ntawm no thiab tam sim no. Sau phau ntawv lub monologue yuav tsum tshaj qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm, nws yog lawm ua tus sau nrog tiag tiag li lem ntawm kab lus. Sau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv muaj xws li tseem ceeb muaj tswv yim caij. Nrog rau cov nyeem ntawv yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab phooj ywg sib txuas lus style. Ua li no, tus sau tau txhob txwm tshaj tawm zam obscure, complex, excessively kev kawm siv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv ntawm formulaic nqe lus, ua dog ua dig, abbreviated lus, thiab tsis txhob excessively frivolous laus. Raws li cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm nco ntsoov, ib tug zoo sau ntawv muaj peev xwm tsim tsuas yog ib qho uas yus tus kheej lub ntsiab yog dawb do, tau mus ntsib nws los ntawm ces kaum sib txawv, thiab npaj txhij mus muab tus nyeem ntawv nrog rau ib tug multifaceted, tab sis tsis exhaustive saib no phenomenon.

free muaj pes tsawg leeg

Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem - ib tug dawb muaj pes tsawg leeg. sau ntawv txoj kev npaj rau Literature yog tsis nruj. Ntau yam kev soj ntsuam tau sau tseg hais tias los ntawm nws cov xwm heev, qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tsis ua siab ntev tsim lub moj khaum. Feem ntau nws ua tsis tooj mus rau qhov yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm logic, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm yeem koom haum ua teb. tsab ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv txoj kev npaj kom koj muaj peev xwm tsim koj tus kheej. Ib txhia yooj yim compositional nta peb pabneeg hauv qab no.

Propensity rau paradoxes

Muaj yog ib tug ib txwm mus paradox. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog tsim los mus ua surprise, rau puzzle tus nyeem ntawv - yog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm nws yog yuav tsum. Lub starting taw tes rau kev sau ntawv embodied nyob kaj lug reflections feem ntau ua aphoristic los yog qhia kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug paradoxical lub ntsej muag indisputable thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tab sis nrog kom theses yam ntxwv pom zoo.

semantic kev sib sau

Rau ib hom ntawv nyeem hais txog paradox nrog semantic kev sib sau. Teem feem ntau nyob rau hauv subjectivity, tab sis cov dawb muaj pes tsawg leeg, ib tsab ntawv muaj tsis tau semantic kev sib sau nyob hauv cov ntawv nyeem, uas yog lub taub hau ntawm lub ntsiab assertions thiab theses, raws li zoo raws li nyob hauv kev sib raug zoo koom haum ua teb thiab cov lus sib cav, lub taub hau ntawm kev txiav txim, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau koj tus kheej txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws creator.

Qauv thiab npaj ib tsab ntawv

1. Introduction. "Yuav ua li cas mus pib ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv?" - Koj nug. Raws li nws yog lub npe hu, lub feem ntau nyuaj rau sau thawj kab. Tsis xav kom tam sim ntawd pib ib yam dab tsi rau ib tug neeg ua pov thawj, tsim kuaj ntawm tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Yuav pib mus npaj rau hauv av, uas yog los tsim txoj cai cua mus raus tus nyeem ntawv thiab cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub siab, uas yuav pab tau nws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej raws li ntau li ntau tau mus rau tus neeg sau lub tswv yim.

2. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm uas muaj ib tug tswv yim sib cav. Nco ntsoov hais tias cov tswv yim yooj yim yuav tsum tau hais luv luv thiab meej meej. Nws yuav tsum yooj yim thiab to taub. Tsis muaj leej twg nyiam allegation. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus sau, tsim kuaj ntawm tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, yog tsis tsuas yog hais tias nws teev tawm, tab sis kuj los ua pov thawj. Piv txwv li, koj hais tias txoj hmoo txiav txim seb tus neeg ntawd lub npe. Ces ua pov thawj nws, xam tej piv txwv ntawm lub neej, los yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib co zoo-paub theories. Raws li txoj ntsiab cai no yuav tsum sau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lermontov, Pushkin, Gogol, Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin ... Siv kev paub ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab classics, tab sis yeej ib txwm pib ib tug tshiab saib.

Lub tswv yim sib cav li no teb cov nqe lus nug: "Dab tsi?" Tom qab ntawd, nco ntsoov teb lo lus nug: "Yog vim li cas?", Tus ntawd yog, los ua pov thawj nws.

3. Npaj rau sau ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kuj muaj xws li lub xaus ntawm qhov kawg, summing up cov saum toj no tau. Nws yuav ua tau ntev tham txog qhov kev kawm ntawm cov sau ntawv, mus rau hauv lub zoov nuj txeeg ntawm speculation, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg yuav tsum sib sau ua ke tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib Rev ntawm kev puas hlwb wealth. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yuav ua tau qualitatively kom tiav cov nqe lus, thiab qhia tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv sau cov ntawv nyeem. Yog hais tias tus nqi yog heev me me nws yuav tsis ua li no ib feem. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - yog hais tias lub tswv yim yooj yim tsis nyuaj nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam.

Qhov ntawd yog txoj kev sau ntawv tsab ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv, uas koj muaj peev xwm hloov dog dig, vim hais tias nws tseem zoo nkauj free daim ntawv.

Ib yam dab tsi uas yuav pab tau koj zoo dua sau ib tsab ntawv

1. Xav txog cov ntsiab lus, nws tus nqi. Cais yuav ua li cas zoo rau koj to taub tias yog dab tsi koj xav sau. Yog koj tau muaj ib yam dab tsi tshiab thiab tshiab txog no lub npe? Cov tsab ntawv yog nto moo, saum toj no tag nrho, originality. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav ua kom paub unbanal saib mus txawm lub feem ntau tej yam uas tsis, yog hais tias lawv yog cov kawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Tsis txhob hnov qab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau freshness ntawm cov lus.

2. Khoom siv uas. Xaiv dab tsi koj xav siv thaum sau cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Yog nws txaus los ua ib tug neeg nyeem thiab lub neej kev? Tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov lus collage, muaj ntau haiv neeg uas yog kev xav yog ib txwm captivating. Nrhiav kom paub txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm view on no qhov teeb meem thiab koom nrog ib co ntawm cov sau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev sib tham. Cov ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau tsim lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho nyuaj thiab ntev zog, ua surprise rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv erudition thiab muab tso rau lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug deadlock tshiab xav.

3. Siv cov tswv yim. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob npog txhua yam ntawm ib zaug. Tau mus thov cov txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm kev npaj txhij txog cov lus tseeb thiab sparkling kab zauv. Ua kom koj muaj interesting, qab ntxiag thiab tseem tuav nyeem.

4. Peb Tug ncej. Sau rau ntawm daim ntawv yooj yim lub tswv yim thiab cov lus qhia. Cov lawv xaiv peb feem ntau muaj kev vam meej thesis. Coj lawv raws li ib lub hauv paus. Yog hais tias koj tau txais ntau ceg, koj khiav txoj kev pheej hmoo tias cov ntawv nyeem yuav zoo li ruam thiab ces, thiab yog hais tias tsawg - conservative thiab fixated. Nws tau ntev tau tus xov tooj "3" yog pom tau hais tias tej yam yees siv. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog yog li ntawd yuav las mees nws.

5. Thawj - lub cev pob txha. Thiab xwb ces - ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws yog ntawm no tias tus thawj yuav tsum qhia luv luv lub tsheb ciav hlau uas yog kev xav. Lawv muaj peev xwm sau ib los sis ob kab lus nyob rau hauv txhua pawg lus, thiab ces maj mam nyeem, thiab ces mus rau pwm ib tug snowball, uas muaj koj tus kheej xav. Koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv qhov tsim nyog kom paub meej thiab cov piv txwv, raws li zoo raws li poob ntaub ntawv, siv ntau yam tswv yim txhais tau tias.

Tam sim no uas koj paub yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, yuav siv tau los tsim ib qho kev sau ntawv nyob rau lwm lub kev kawm. Highlights tsis txawv nyob rau hauv ntau hom ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Qauv tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog muab los ntawm peb yuav siv tau, e.g., nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv lag luam philosophy, nrog ib txoj hauj lwm thiab lwm cov neeg.