Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev ua ntawm lysosomes nyob rau hauv lub cell

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb xav kom koj xav txog lub lysosome muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub cell. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb tig peb lub xim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm no organelle thiab nws cov qauv.

Raws li tau muaj tseeb, lysosome - yog ib feem ntawm txhua txhua cell. Thiab tag nrho cov uas peb pom, yog dab tsi peb kov, thiab peb peb tus kheej - yog lub constructor, muaj raws ntawm ntau me me hais. Lub cell yog lub elementary tsev thaiv ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb. Nws possesses ib tug xov tooj ntawm qualities uas tso cai rau nws mus sawv ntsug rau ntawm nws tus kheej:

• tus kheej metabolism;
• muaj peev xwm rau cov me nyuam;
• loj hlob (self-daim ntawv rov ntxiv);
• txoj kev loj hlob.

Thiab tam sim no peb mus rau lub kev uas nyiam peb organelles, xav txog nws cov qauv thiab highlight qhov lysosome muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv lub cell.

lysosome

Tam sim no peb tsom xam nyob rau hauv kom meej qhov no organelle thiab muab koj nrog rau cov kev faib. Ua ntej peb yuav sau thiab xav txog qhov muaj nuj nqi ntawm lysosomes nyob rau hauv lub cell, nws yog tsim nyog los hais ib nyuag keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations. Cov me me pellets rau cov thawj lub sij hawm zaum tau pom de Duve nyob rau hauv mob hlwb. Qhov kev tshwm sim coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub 50-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo.

Lysosome - ib tug kab noj hniav uas nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm hydrolytic enzymes (lawv yuav tsum tau suav ntau tshaj 80 hom). Nws yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug nyias nyias, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias nws yog ib. Ntaus organelles cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis zoo tib yam, nyob rau hauv feem ntau hloov puab, ib lub cheeb tsis tshaj 0.8 micron.

Lysosomal membrane muaj ib tug uniform thickness, permeability, nws yog hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej yam tej yam kev mob. Yog li ntawd, labilizatorami (ie, tsub kom lub permeability) yog:

• thyroxine;
• progesterone;
• vitamin A;
• ultraviolet rays;
• X-rays;
• oxygen thiab lwm tus neeg.

Muaj cov lus rov nyhuv:

• prednisolone;
• cortisone thiab m. p.

Nyob rau hauv ntau yam hlwb tsis yog tib yam pes tsawg tus ntawm lysosomes, feem ntau ntawm lawv ntog rau lub hlwb muaj cov kev ua ntawm phagocytosis. Piv txwv yuav pab raws li macrophages los yog qe ntshav dawb. Tseem tau sau yog cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm haum, secretion thiab feem. Lawv yog:

• epithelial hlwb;
• hnyuv;
• raum;
• prostate thiab t. d.

Tam sim no luv luv rau cov kev faib ntawm lub lysosome. Muab lawv ob hom: thawj thiab. Primary cia muaj npe. Ntawm cov theem nrab yuav tsum tau qhia:

• phagolysosome;
• tsitolizosomy;
• residual hlwb.

zog

Tam sim no peb muaj ib tug ob peb xaiv zog ntawm lysosomes nyob rau hauv lub cell. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no yog cov nram qab no:

• cellular zom cov zaub mov;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• xaus ntawm lub sab nraud lug.

Thiab tam sim no peb yuav piav lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus. Hais txog cellular autophagy zom cov zaub mov thiab koj yuav nyeem ntxiv nyob rau hauv kom meej tom qab. Tam sim no - hais txog dab tsi muaj nuj nqi yog ua thaum lub lysosome cell tuag.

Qhov no yog hu ua autolysis. Lysosome membrane yuav tawg, ua rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm enzymes tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv tsis ua raws li nws cov thawj muaj nuj nqi raws li ib tug de-tshuab txais nyob rau hauv lub cell cytoplasm.

Kev ua txhaum ntawm ib tug cell - nws tsis, tab sis dab tsi yuav tshwm sim yog tias tag nrho cov lysosomes lov nws cov qauv? Ces los txog rau txoj kev tuag ntawm lub cell. Ib tug piv txwv yog txoj kev tuag autolysis tus Tsov tus tw Qav tadpole.

plab zom mov

Peb hais ua ntej lawm hais tias lysosomes nyob rau hauv lub cell ua digestive muaj nuj nqi. Peb thov caw nej xav nyob rau hauv ntau yam txheej txheem no. Raws li twb tau hais, lub lysosomes raug muab faib ua ob pawg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no mus rau cov kev txhawj xeeb thiab digestive vacuole. Nws yog tus muaj nuj nqi ntawm kev zom nyob rau hauv lub cell. Nws yog tsim los ntawm fusing thawj lysosomes thiab phagosomes.

Digestive vacuole muaj ib tug loj loj, xeeb mus txog 1.2 microns. Nws muaj ib tug heev loj tus naj npawb ntawm inclusions. Ntawm no thiab muaj ntaub ntawv ua, ntes tau nyob rau hauv ib lub tawb. thiab feem ntau nws yog li ntawd, hais tias lawv yog nqis los ntawm hydrolysis rau hauv uas tsis muaj molecular yuag hais. Qhov kawg yuav yooj yim kis los ntawm tej daim nyias nyias ntawm lysosomes. Tom ntej no, lawv yuav tsum tau tsim tshiab cell organelles.

autophagy

Thiab yog dab tsi muaj nuj nqi yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cell lysosomes? Peb twb hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv muaj cov ntawv xws li autophagy. Qhov no txoj kev yog yus Qaug dabpeg Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv lub cell kev puas tsuaj thiab lysosomes. Tag nrho cov paub qhov txawv 3 hom autophagy:

• micro;
• macro;
• shaperonovuyu.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj lysosome captures cov khib nyiab thiab digesting lawv lub zog los yog lub tsev khoom. Qhov no txoj kev yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm yoo mov. Thaum lub sij hawm macroautophagy tshwm sim compound autophagosomes thiab lysosomes uas ua rau yus mus rau tsim autofagolizosomy. Qhov kawg remnants ntawm nqis futofagosom. Qhov thib peb hom yuav tsum tau cai xwb nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Nrog rau qhov no hom ntawm autophagy tshwm sim targeted thauj ntawm cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv lysosomes.