Yuav ua li cas yog cov lo lus thiab nws yog dab tsi?

Cov lus yuav muab piv nrog rau cov designer, nyob rau hauv uas qhov tsawg tshaj plaws Circuits tsim loj, thiab cov neeg nyob rau hauv lem - sophisticated thiab txawj xav tsim. Feem ntau cov me me "ntsuas" los yog building blocks yog lub suab ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tsab ntawv tso tawm rau hauv lub phoneme. Qhov no yog ib ntxiv cov lus, uas ces tsim nqe lus, kab lus, ntawv nyeem. Phonetics deals nrog lub suab. Tab sis cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi cov lo lus, lexicology kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv lem, koom nyob rau hauv lexicography dictionaries, xws li txoj kev ntawm lawv cov kev npaj. Yog li, cov lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus - nws yog ib lub totality ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm nws cov lus, nws tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yog tsim khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: nws yog ua tau qhia hais tias yuav tshwm sim thiab tsawg siv cov lo lus. Nyias yuav pom tau tias hais tias xws li ib cov lus, piv txwv li, advertising, kev, kev kho mob, borrowed los yog outdated. Nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas peb ntsuam xyuas lub zeem muag ntawm cov lo lus, peb yuav tham txog lub active thiab passive siv.

Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv peb yuav tau tham txog lub feem ntau siv tej lus. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau txhua xws lus tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas. Nws yog yog li ntawd yog tias lub paub ib vam lo lus muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm muab 70% ntawm kev nkag siab thiab kev sib txuas lus. Cov lus ntawm ib tug kawm ntawv tus neeg yog muaj li ntawm hais txog ib tug ob peb txhiab (mus txog 20-30 txhiab) lus. Ntawm lawv muaj kev koom siv xwb 4-5 thiab peb muaj peev xwm to taub ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Koj muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov lus ntawm no xyov lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, cov lus uas niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus nws muaj nws tus kheej pab pawg neeg, tab sis nws yog ho sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lo lus, hais tias, kaum ib thiab thib kaum tsib caug xyoo. Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kev paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm - nws yog ib lub synchronic nam.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav xaiv tau tej yam khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tag nrho cov kev sib cais ntawm ntau cov lo lus thiab tsawg uas siv, tej zaum nws yuav muab suav hais tias, piv txwv li, los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm lub siab lub ntsws coloration. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txawv: nruab nrab, emotive (kev xav), tsa, paj huam, familiarly, hais lus phem, hom lus qias neeg. Yog hais tias cov lus tsis muaj lub siab lub ntsws coloring tej zaum yuav siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yeej thiab nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus kev sib txuas lus, yog xam qhovkev tsuas emotive hais lus. Nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, ntawm chav kawm, lawv muaj peev xwm kuj tshwm sim, tab sis nws yog ib cov lus raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm nws tus kheej qhia. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim sib cav, ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv lub cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis tsim nyog rau siv vulgarisms los yog hom lus qias neeg.

Cov lus yuav txwv thiab ib thaj nyuag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no sawv tawm thiaj li hu ua lub suab hais lus, tias yog lo lus, xam qhovkev rau hais lus xwb tej qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, "eggplant" - lo lus vernacular, tiam sis lub "me ntsis xiav" cov zaub no hu ua cov neeg uas nyob hauv Kursk cheeb tsam, lub Krasnodar ib ncig thiab sab qab teb ntawm Russia. Hluas dog ua dig lus kuj ua hauj lwm ib tug tsawg siv - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug muaj hnub nyoog pab pawg neeg. Kev kho mob los yog computer paub cov ntsiab lus xam qhovkev rau tej kev feem. Engineers kuj khiav lag luam cov kev cov ntsiab lus.

Yog hais tias peb saib qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug paub cov ntsiab lus, ib tug diachronic taw tes ntawm view - uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm - peb yuav highlight cov tshiab (neologisms), outdated (historicism thiab archaisms) thiab hauv nruab nrab pab pawg neeg. Vocabulary yog enriched ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov nyiaj khwv tau los ntawm lwm hom lus. Teb rau ib lo lus nug txog dab tsi yog cov lus nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov keeb kwm, peb hu borrowed thiab haiv neeg-Lavxias teb sab. Thiab ntxiv nws yog ua tau rau faib cov lus, noj mus rau hauv tus account lub Development: feem ntau ntawm lawv tag nrho noj hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov lus. Wb hais, rau peb cov lo lus "phau ntawv" thiab "mem hluav" yog tsis muaj lawm neeg, tab sis thaum lawv tuaj los ntawm Greek thiab Turkic lus. Yog hais tias lo lus yog tsis siv, ces peb hais txog barbarism ( "vindous") thiab exoticism ( "Signore", "bullfighter", "noj su").