Yuav ua li cas yog tus lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus? Piv txwv ntawm cov lus

Phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus yog nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg. Tab sis cov lexicon, ntawm chav kawm, xam tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm nws. Nws yog ib lub noob pob kws, tsis muaj uas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam ib hom lus thiab sib tham muaj xws li cov lus denoting tswv yim uas yog siv thoob plaws. Lawv yuav tsum tau hnov nyob rau hauv txoj kev, nyob rau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tom khw, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob qhov twg. Cov neeg lexicon - yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws txawj paub cov ntsiab lus yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev cov ntaub ntawv uas rau kev sib tham nyob rau hauv lawv haiv neeg cov lus. Qhov no foundation, uas yuav pab mus txuas ntxiv mus txhawb kev kawm thiab txhim kho cov ntsiab lus. Ib tug yuav tsis underestimate nws cov tseem ceeb. Yuav luag tag nrho cov chav ntawm cov neeg paub lus ntau ntxiv siv nquag thiab tsis tu ncua, lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev hais lus style.

Feem ntau siv thiab stylistically nruab nrab lus

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus muaj ntau ntau yam lus paub thiab yoojyim rau txhua leej txhua tus, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv kev sib tham thiab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, cov nram qab no lexical units: lub "dej", "av", "ntoo", "yob", "taug kev", "noj", "lub caij ntuj no", "kaj", "ua hauj lwm", "nyeem", " .. cov ntawv xov xwm "," poj niam "," kev "," tus neeg ", thiab lwm yam Muaj kuj yog ib tug nruab nrab lo lus uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub scientific ua hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam sib tham; lawv yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub official daim ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv mus rau ib tug phooj ywg. Tej lexical units nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus heev npaum li cas. Common lus, piv txwv uas koj muaj tam sim no lub npe hu, yog kis tau thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Lawv kuj siv nyob rau hauv ib co lwm lub teb chaws, qhov chaw uas cov neeg hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab.

Emotional thiab kev paub qhia lo vocabulary

Sib nrug los ntawm stylistically nruab nrab lexical units, xws li cov lus, muaj ib co uas yuav tsum tau hais los ntawm txhua leej txhua tus, tiam sis tsuas yog puav. Yuav kom qhov no yuav tsum tau hais lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, lo lus "me ntsis ntawm daim av", "tu siab hnab txhuv", "ib tug ntawv xov xwm", "hwj txwv", "me me square" - thiaj li sib txawv los ntawm stylistically nruab nrab lexical units uas lawv yuav tsum tau hu ua kev xav los yog kev paub qhia lo. Nws yog heev npaum li cas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev hais. Emotive kis ntawm tag nrho cov tau lus uas yuav ua tau derogatory-magnifying los yog diminutive, thiab expressiveness tiav Fine txawv txawv lus siv nyob rau hauv tus hais lus. Hais cov lexical units, tus txiv neej qhia tau hais tias nws zoo los yog phem kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev tshwm sim los yog kev kawm. Thiab nws tsis yog tsab hais tias cov lus yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv scientific ntaub ntawv thiab ua lag ua luam ntaub ntawv. Xav-expressional lexical units yog siv tsis yog tag nrho hais lus yeej. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv zoo tib yam sib tham, raws li lawv yuav tsum tau nyeem nyob rau hauv lub sau xov xwm. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam yuav ua li cas neeg yuav tau hais tias, yog hais tias tsis ubiquitous cov lus. Cov nqe lus - yog lwm heev, lawv yuav mus rau cov kev cov ntsiab lus. Tsis txhob xav yuam kev rau lawv nrog cov lus. Qhov no yog ib tug tas nrho yuam kev.

Lub suab hais lus thiab kev lus ua feem ntau siv

Tab sis lub foregoing tsis txhais hais tias cov lus yog kaw lus, uas muaj tsis ntxim. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog yuav tau xav li ntawd. On qhov tsis tooj, no lexicon ntawm cov nqe lus yuav muab ntxiv (ib tug tshwj xeeb lub suab hais lus), cov kev siv ntawm cov uas twb txiav. Piv txwv li, lo lus "promiscuous", "tyrant", "boring", "hlawv", "swb", "frequenter" - thaum pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua twb tsis raws li ntau raws li nws yog tam sim no: cov ntau yam ntawm lawv cov kev siv yog tsuas yog siv rau ib tug lub suab hais lus los yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kheej. Thiab tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv yog feem ntau siv lexical units. Nws yog nthuav, tsis yog nws? Feem ntau siv lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg txaus siab rau ntau yam kev soj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog feem ntau xav paub neeg txawv teb chaws tuaj txoos ua ke nyob rau hauv Russia.

Tsis nco qab lawm uas feem ntau siv lexical units

Tsis tas li ntawd ib co heev lexical khoom tej zaum yuav nws thiaj li ploj ntawm qhov kev sib tham, nqaim lub Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, lo lus "disdain" (kaj ntug) thiab "goiter" (noj) kom deb li deb tsuas yog siv ib tug ob peb Lavxias teb sab dialects. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj lawm nco ntsoov. Nws tshwm sim hais tias lub lexical tsev tsis tu tsis tseg yuav heev thiab ua ib tug kws jargon. Feem ntau cov neeg maj mam tsis nco qab lo lus, uas yog ib tug me ntsis tu siab. Common lus - ib tug lexical units uas yuav kiag tau erased los ntawm cov neeg lub cim xeeb. Tu siab, nws yeej muaj tseeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thoob plaws paub cov ntsiab lus yog cov lus rov - cov lus ntawm tsawg siv. Lawv yuav tsum tau hnov nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm cov neeg rau tej qho hauj lwm los yog nyob rau hauv tib lub chaw uas zoo heev.

dialecticism

Nws tseem yog tsim nyog los xav txog cov lus uas yog dialectal. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv nws kev hais lus, cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib lub thaj tsam. Dialectal lexical khoom feem ntau siv rau hauv dog dig sib tham. Thiab qhov no yog to taub. Tom qab lub suab hais lus yog hais txog mas tus hais lus ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub zos. nws yuav tsis to taub lub ib feem ntawm tus neeg. Txawm li cas los, lub villagers, ntawm chav kawm, paub thiab feem ntau siv tej lus. Nws yuav plhom moj yuav xav hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm siv tsis tau nyob rau hauv lawv tej lus hais thiab lawv.

Lub hom lus sib txawv los ntawm cov lus

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm ib tug lub suab hais lus thiab cov lus? Tus thawj muaj ntau nqaim teb ntawm kev siv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm ib co semantic thiab lexical, grammatical thiab phonetic peculiarities. Muab lawv cov yam ntxwv, muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm dialects. Twg?

hom lus

1. Phonetic lub suab hais lus - ib lub lexical khoom. Yuav ua li cas yuav koj hais txog lawv? Lawv muaj phonetic nta ntawm ib tug hais tias: "tipyatok," "Vanya", "tej kas tham" (nyob rau hauv lub vernacular paub cov ntsiab lus yog "ib kub npau npau", "Vanka", "chim") - yuav mus rau yav qab teb Lavxias teb sab; "Kuricha", "tselovek", "tsyasy", "Niemcza" (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, "qaib", "txiv neej", "moos", "Germans") - lus, hais es txawv txawv yam ntxwv rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm sab qaum teb-western dialects. Peb tog neeg lawv lub suab yuav zoo li dog dig coj txawv txawv. Los ze zog mus rau lawv, ntawm chav kawm, ntau lo lus.
2. Grammatical lub suab hais lus - yog ib yam ntawm cov lexical units. Yuav ua li cas txog lawv? Lawv muaj lub grammatical thaj chaw uas tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov zajlus lus, thiab lawv tsis zoo li cov lus ntawm lawv morphological qauv. Koj yuav hnov lawv tsuj tsawg.
3. Lexical lub suab hais lus - lus uas tsis zoo li tej uas feem ntau siv tus nqi los yog daim ntawv. Piv txwv li, indane - txawm Kochetov - qaib dib Gutara - tham, nyuam qhuav - nyuam qhuav et al.

Tshwj xeeb thiab kev lo lus

Lexical units, uas feem ntau yuav tau hnov, thaum nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm cov neeg muaj tej yam zoo ntawm kev ua si uas muaj feem rau tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev lus. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam ntawm technology thiab science. Cov ntsiab lus uas ob yuav tsum tau txawv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub li cas lo lus yog officially txais thiab lossi hais (tshwj xeeb), thiab ib co kev paub qhia lo pereinachit, reinterpreted tom qab nws tau borrowed los ntawm ib tug ntau to taub cov lo lus (kev). Tsis ntev los no coob leej ntau tus nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm muaj coob tus neeg ua hauj lwm rau. Yog li, cov lus no tej zaum kuj yug los ntawm professionalism.

Tshwj xeeb cov lus siv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tag "npog" tej yam tshwj xeeb kheej ntawm cov kos duab los yog science: tag nrho cov tseem ceeb cov tswv yim thiab tswv yim yog xaiv nruj me ntsis tsim nqe lus. Professionalism me ntsis txawv ntawm lawv. Lawv ncaw yog hais raws li ib tug system, raws li muab los ntawm lub qhov ncauj sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg teej tug mus rau tej hauj lwm. Professionalism yuav hu ua ib tug es lub siab lub ntsws thiab tiag tiag li lo lus. Lawv suab heev kev paub qhia lo. Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum paub dab tsi cov lus, lub suab hais lus lo lus thiab kev.