Zhostovo tais: lub keeb kwm thiab cov hau kev ntawm txiav txim siab. Zhostovo painting rau cov tais

Kaj paj zoo zoo nkauj: roses, peonies, daisies, tsis nco qab-kuv, Chrysanthemums thiab lilies ntawm cov hav (nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau sau rau lawv tag nrho), artfully tawg khiav ri niab skilful txhais tes ntawm cov artist rau qhov tsaus ntuj nti glossy hlau nto - ib tug ib txwm Zhostovo painting tais. Cim pej xeem kos duab rau ntawm Russia, uas muaj tsis muaj analogues!

Lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab nuv ntses twb yuav luag 2 centuries, thiab thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm cov khoom Zhostovo masters tsis tsuas yog tsis tau poob nws chaw thiab kev zoo nkauj, tab sis, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, tau ntau heev tshaj dua tej chaw thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no thiab enriched los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm niaj hnub no cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb Zhostovo crafts

Niaj hnub no, tej niaj hnub niam tsev yuav muaj kev zoo siab tau txais ib qho khoom plig ntawm tiag tiag Zhostovo tais, uas yuav siv tau tsis tsuas rau nws npaj utilitarian lub hom phiaj, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug thawj kho kom zoo nkauj chav ua noj sab hauv. Ib yam li ntawd, cov poj niam yeej zoo siab thiab nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo., Thaum lawv muab tej kev zoo nkauj.

Tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm. Art Zhostovo painting pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub lig XVIII caug xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm xws li cov thawj cov tais, thawv, snuff thawv, luam yeeb ntau, tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov thawv, thiab lwm yam, pleev xim rau nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lacquer Miniatures, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm cov Moscow koog tsev kawm ntawv: .. Ostashkovo, Trinity, Novosiltsev Sorokin Zhostovo.

Maj mam, zus tau tej cov tais muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib kev khiav, thiab ib tug leading luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas ua rau lawv nrees coj Zhostovo zos. Incidentally, tus thawj cov tais ua nkaus ntawm papier-mache. Tam sim no peb twb yeej nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam Zhostovo tais ua los ntawm xws li ib tug khoom.

Ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kos duab Zhostovo

Nyob rau hauv 1825, Osip Filippovich Vishnyakov rhiav tau qhib nyob rau hauv Zhostovo. Nws yog los ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim ua lub chronology ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cais Zhestovskaya pej xeem crafts. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no rhiav tsis yog tus tsuas yog ib qho. Maj mam ncaav thiab lwm yam koom: Yegor Vishnyakov nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze lub zos Ostashkovo, A. A. Zaytseva nyob rau hauv lub Trinity zos. Lub koob meej ntawm lawv cov khoom yog cov loj loj! Zoo nws muag Zhostovo tais nyob rau hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub zos.

Nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 1830 Zhostovo thiab neighboring zos tau qhib ob peb khw, cov founders ntawm cov uas twb EF Belyaev, T. M. Belyaev, FV Shapkin, V. L. Leontev thiab JS Kolomna. Maj mam, lub ntau lawm loj hlob, cov khoom ua los ntawm txhais tes tau ua tsis ua los ntawm papier-mache, thiab ntawm qhov ntau check thiab kawm ntaub ntawv - hlau.

Legendary ntxias Zhostovo

Maj mam, tshiab yug los, paub rau peb tag nrho Zhostovo tais. Keeb kwm khaws tseg rau hauv lub ntug Vaj Keeb Kwm, qhia yuav ua li cas maj mam ntau thiab ntau feemxyuam zos teb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab cob qhia. Nws yog amazing li cas npaum li cas yam txuj ci muaj nyob ntawm cov zoo tib yam, ruam serfs. Tus thawj tswv, uas yog hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv 1839, yog ib tug serf ntawm Count Sheremetev - Veshnyakov Philipp Nikitin, nws twb koom nyob rau hauv painting tais nrog rau nws tus tub. Yog li yug nyob rau hauv Zhostovo artistic dynasty.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws masters Zhostovo tais: OE Burbyshev (nyob rau hauv no artist nyob rau hauv Zhostovo yog legendary, li ntawd, nws yog ib tug virtuoso), NM Tsaplagin, AE Vishnyakov, K. V. Gribkov, I. S. Leontev , D. S. Kledov, P. S. Kurzin, I. A. Savelev, MR Mitrofanov, A. P. Gogin, I. P. Plahov, BV Counts. Tag nrho cov masters thiab ntau lwm tus neeg tau sab laug ib sib sib zog nqus cim nyob rau hauv kos duab rau ntawm Zhostovo, hais tias lawv twb tsim tau zoo kawg li ua hauj lwm Zhostovo Miniatures muaj nyob rau hauv lub Golden nyiaj trades.

Zhostovo tais - ntau lawm technology

Tus thawj ntau lawm technology Zhostovo tais polished ntau lub xyoo. Tus tswv muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov tricks ntawm cov lag luam tawm, lawv tsis muaj ib tug yuav muab. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi txog xwb nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav, koj yuav qhia tau rau qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom Zhostovo technology.

Raws li hais saum toj no, niaj hnub cov tais no yog ua los ntawm cov hlau. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj feem ntau bizarre daim ntawv no, nws tag nrho cov nyob ntawm cov thawj lub tswv yim ntawm cov artist. Ua ntej nrag tais yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo polished thiab them nrog ib tug muab ob npaug rau txheej primer npaj raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dub thiab kaolin. Ces tus workpiece yog av dua, thiab yog them nrog ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov dawb lias lacquer. Wherein txhua txheej yuav tsum tau zoo qhuav thiab kuj txig polished.

Ntxiv raug Zhostovo tais hais kom cov kauj ruam tom ntej. Tom qab tag nrho cov kev npaj ua hauj lwm cov khoom yog npaj txhij rau painting, thiab ntxiv ua hauj lwm rau nws pib ib tug tswv artist. Painting Zhostovo tais feeb ua nrog roj xim. Thaum nws kawm tiav, cov khoom dua nyob rau hauv ntau yam khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg coated nrog cov kua roj vanish, ua raws li los ntawm qhuav thiab polishing lub tiav lawm tais impart suab specular gloss.

Artistic kev kawm thiab nta Zhostovo painting

Artistic kev kawm Zhostovo duab no yog nws cov hauv paus los ntawm cov tsoos Lavxias teb sab lacquer Miniatures, tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Lub hauv paus yuav tej zaum yuav raug hu ua cov qauv nrog ci xim rau ib tug maub tom qab thiab kho kom zoo nkauj compositions kub txog yam tshiab. Tom qab Zhostovo tais yog tsis tas dub, nws yuav ua tau txhua yam uas koj xav xim: liab, xim av, ntsuab, xiav thiab ochre. Tej zaum kuj muaj zaj nkauj ua rau Potali (imitation kub), leej niam ntawm pearl los yog ib lub teeb, yuav luag dawb, tab sis nws yog ib tug es sib txawv los ntawm cov kev cai dictated los ntawm cov artist lub tswv yim.

Zhestovsky tais feem ntau yog xim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas qhov chaw ntawm lub muaj pes tsawg leeg (paj pob paj) yog cov coob thiab qaim xim, uas yog lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb yog hais. Los ze zog mus rau lub npoo ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub pob paj yog ua me me thiab ib tsos tsaus tsawv, raws li yog hais tias lawv ua hauj lwm ua ke nrog rau cov tom qab. Li tau raws li ib tug yeeb yam tob thiab ntim painting. Zhostovo paj yog sau tsis yog los ntawm cov xwm, ntau zaus lawv yog zwj ceeb, ntau ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim lub tswv yim ntawm tus tswv.

Lub ntsiab motifs thiab cov ntxhais

Lub ntsiab motives Zhostovo nrag kawg yog tag nrho cov hom ntawm floral motifs, ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov uas tseem tsis tau xov tooj! Zhostovo painting adheres rau ob peb hom tsoos muaj pes tsawg leeg. Paj yuav tau sau nyob rau hauv loj bouquets muaj 3-5 Inflorescences, portrayed nyob rau hauv lub baskets yog yuav muab tso rau garlands nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub tais.

Tej zaum cov painting yuav supplemented nrog cov dluab ntawm berries, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov noog. Muaj kuaj Zhostovo painting, zoo li antique hniav nyiaj hniav kub Dutch tseem lifes. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov nroj tsuag nqus zwj ceeb txaus, ntawm no yog tag nrho cov cim ntawm easel painting: faj mloog kom meej, lub general xim, free improvisation.

Zhostovo tais: yuav ua li cas rau kos kauj ruam yog kauj ruam

Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm painting hauv lub tais yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv 4 theem. Thawj qhov thiaj li hu ua "zamalevka": nyob hauv cov khoom raws li nws pounces razbelennymi paints generic silhouette ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej daim duab, qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsiab me ntsis.

Lawv yog ua raws li los ntawm "tenezhka" thiab "foob": daim ntawv thov ntawm pob tshab ntxoov ntxoo thiab los ntawm tuab xim ntawm cov brightest qhov chaw. Tom qab hais tias, cov duab ntawm paj thiab nplooj yog ntau yam.

Qhov thib peb theem - blikovka: daim ntawv thov ntawm tshuaj dawb tso hmoov ceev smears. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tag nrho cov kev cai tswjhwm nyiaj.

Thiab thaum kawg, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug zaum kawg 4 theem uas tus "chertezhka" thiab "kev ruaj". Nrog heev zoo txhuam dlua resilient saj zawg zog Circuit Court kab encircles txhua nplooj thiab nplaim paj thim twigs thiab cov ntsiab lus, uas yog hu ua losis tswvyim dabtsi.

Zeem muag rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm crafts

Tam sim no Zhostovo artistic crafts muaj lub sij hawm nyuaj. 90-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv qhov kev kho mob thiab cov txais ntawm lub xeev, tom qab perestroika thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub Hoobkas dhau mus rau hauv private ob txhais tes. Tam sim no lub ces kaum-pob zeb yog qhov nyiaj, tsis yog tus preservation ntawm kev cai thiab muaj tswv yim mus kom ze rau lub khoom siv tes ua.

Cov nab npawb ntawm cov ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub enterprise tau significantly txo. Muaj ntau ntxias pib mus ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tsev. Nws nqa tawm ntau heev ntawm private kev txiav txim, raug kaw tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm Zhostovo tais. Niaj hnub nimno Masters feem ntau ua hauj lwm rau nrag ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kawm: los ntawm tub yees thiab mobile xov tooj rau fwj kim wine collector. Lub influx ntawm feemxyuam hluas - lub tsev kawm ntawv kawm tiav Fedoskino lacquer Miniatures nyuam qhuav tsis yeem. Cuaj kaum, lub tuam txhab tseem nyob, nws ua hauj lwm nrog kev mob siab thiab txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau Zhostovo?

Rau tag nrho cov uas xav xav mus ntsib los ze zog nrog cov keeb kwm thiab kos duab rau ntawm Zhostovo lub tuam txhab ncaav ib qho kev nthuav 5-teev mus ua si rau tus tswv hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thaum lub Hoobkas yog lossi ua hauj lwm kav nyob qhov twg koj yuav tau cov khoom thiab crafts, raws li lawv hais tias, "nrog tshav kub los ntawm lub tshav kub."

Yuav kom tau txais los ntawm Moscow rau Zhostovo muaj yog tsis muaj teeb meem. Peb yuav tsum tau los mus kov yeej tag nrho 50 km rau ntawm txoj kev loj nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia Ostashkovskoe Mytishchi koog tsev kawm ntawv. Koj yuav tau yooj yim mus txog muaj los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau los yog tsheb npav. Lwm cov kev xaiv los ntawm Medvedkovo Metro mus Zhostovo lossi shuttle tsheb npav naj npawb 438.