Antidepressants - yog dab tsi? Tranquilizers thiab antidepressants

Niaj hnub nimno "frantic" pace ntawm lub neej, ib qho kev txom kwj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ib tug neeg xav tau kev pab lis nyob rau txhua hnub, raws li tau zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg, feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis zoo yam ua rau lub fact tias lub cev thiab lub siab yuav tsis sawv. Insomnia thiab kev nyuaj siab, malfunction thiab kev sib txuas lus, yog feem ntau tsis quav ntsej li, thiab feem ntau tuag tag tawm los ntawm cov tshuaj los yog lwm yam hwj chim tshuaj, nws thiaj li ua rau tej complex cov kab mob, xws li mob fatigue syndrome (TUS MOB NO) thiab qhov sib txawv kev nyuaj siab. Raws li cov forecasts ntawm tshuaj ntsuam ntawm kev kho mob kev nyuaj siab mus rau lub 20 th xyoo ntawm no caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tus neeg mob tshaj cov thawj coj ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo - kis kab mob thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system. Nyob rau hauv lub tawm tsam nrog depressive ntshawv siab, ntau yam tshuaj los ntawm ob qho tib si raws li nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso thiab hluavtaws cheebtsam. Antidepressants - yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas lawv muaj thiab seb cov tshuaj los kho kev nyuaj siab los yog tsuas yog pab txhawb nws cov tsos mob? Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tej yeeb tshuaj? Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav sim teb no thiab lwm cov lus nug txog cov kev nyuaj siab ua rau ntawm lawv cov kev siv thiab qhov zoo txais tos.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Raws li lub npe implies, antidepressants (kuj hu ua timoleptikov) - ib tug psychotropic tshuaj uas ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv depressive cov tsos mob. Tsaug rau cov tshuaj muaj zog ntxhov siab vim thiab ntau kev nyuaj siab, listlessness thiab nkees, insomnia ho txo los yog txawm kiag li ploj. Attributable no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj yog cov sib txawv ob leeg nyob rau tshuaj qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua hauj lwm?

Wb fim nws, anti-depressants - uas yog: kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev los yog pab ntaus tib neeg psyche. Cia saib yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj ua hauj lwm. Cov tib neeg lub hlwb muaj ib tug plurality ntawm neurons - lub paj hlwb, lossi ua ntaub ntawv pauv nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Rau kis tau tus mob ntawm tej ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau kev tub txib tshuaj - neurotransmitters, tob tob los ntawm lub txoj kab txiav nyob rau hauv lub synaptic qhov chaw ntawm neurons. Niaj hnub nimno soj ntsuam qhia hais tias ntau tshaj 30 ntau neurotransmitters, tab sis mus rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev kawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab muaj ib tug "ncaj" cwj pwm xwb peb ntawm lawv: serotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) thiab dopamine. Raws li kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv, kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim thaum lub sis ntawm neurons nyob rau hauv lub teb muaj ib tug tseem ceeb ntau yuav txo tau ntawm neurotransmitters. Nyhuv ntawm antidepressants yog aimed ntawm ua rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov kev sib kho thiab cov normalization ntawm lub biochemical nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub paj hlwb.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Ua ntej cov tswv yim mus rau lub saib xyuas ntawm kev kawm pab pawg thiab hom antidepressants, piav me ntsis txog lub keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov discovery.

Kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab-thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, kev nyuaj siab thiab ntau yam neurotic tej yam kev mob zoo li cov tsos mob raug kho nrog ntau yam herbal npaj. Yuav kom "teev cov mus ob peb vas" siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm exciting compositions, nyob rau hauv uas muaj xws li caffeine, ginseng los yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm opiates. "Ntxias kom zoo siab" jitters sim bromine ntsev los yog cov tshuaj raws li valerian. Tsis tas li ntawd siv ntau hom kev sau thiab physiotherapy kev kho mob uas nws cov hauj lwm zoo lawm mas tsis tshua muaj.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 50-ies ntawm cov tshuaj "Promethazine" yog tsim los ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, yog Ameslikas siv rau tshuaj loog thaum phais. Pharmacologists tau sim lug txhim khu cov inhibitory thiab cov inhibitory nyhuv ntawm yeeb tshuaj, nrog rau cov tshwm sim uas los ntawm 1951 tau txais "Chlorpromazine", uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum, kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj no yog hu ua "Chlorpromazine".

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 60-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem Swiss tus kws kho mob, lechivshimi cov neeg mob uas tuberculosis, twb cim los ntawm ib tug es txawv txawv sab nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj no raws li "Iproniazid". Cov neeg mob uas tau txais nws, tau tsa mus ob peb vas. Maj mam nws pib mus rau yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv hlwb xyaum raws li kab mob ntsws, nws pab heev me ntsis. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sij hawm ib tug German soj ntsuam Ronald Kun sab tshuaj "Imipramine".

Qhib ntawm cov thawj timoleptikov coj mus rau lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pharmacological kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no thiab lub creation ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab rau tshwj kom txhob muaj cov tsos mob thiab ua rau kev nyuaj siab.

niaj hnub faib

Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi zoo ntawm cov nyhuv muaj cov kev siv ntawm antidepressants rau kev nyuaj siab yog nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob, lawv raug muab faib raws li nram no:

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug kev faib raws li yuav ua li cas cov nyhuv ntawm antidepressants cuam tshuam rau biochemical dab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev:

• Tricyclic antidepressants - tricyclic timoanaleptiki.
• MAOIs - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors:

- irreversible ( "tranylcypromine," "phenelzine");

- reversible ( "Pirazidol", "Moclobemide").

• SSRI - xim serotonin reuptake inhibitors;
• IOZSIN - serotonin reuptake inhibitors thiab noradrenaline;
• NaSSAs - noradrenergic thiab tej serotonergic antidepressants.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm antidepressant tshuaj uas yuav tsis tau ntaus nqi mus rau ib yam ntawm cov pab pawg neeg.

TCA: tricyclic antidepressants, yog dab tsi?

Tshuaj tricyclic pawg xws li "Nortriptyline", "Imipramine" thiab "Amiltriptilin" tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lwm triple carbon nplhaib. Cov antidepressant tshuaj pab kom tus xov tooj ntawm lub hlwb neurotransmitters xws li norepinephrine (noradrenaline) thiab serotonin (hormone kev zoo siab). Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm kev txo qhov theem ntawm kev noj ntawm cov hlab hlwb - neurons.

Vim lub fact tias thaum tau txais daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj yog sim xwb tsis tsim nyog neurotransmitters, muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv tshwm sim. Tricyclic antidepressants pab pawg neeg tej zaum yuav ua rau cov hauv qab no phiv:

• nkees;
• nkees nkees;
• xeev siab;
• qhov ncauj qhuav;
• tsis muaj zog;
• kiv taub hau;
• acceleration ntawm lub plawv dhia - mem tes;
• cem quav;
• qis potency thiab libido;
• ntxhov siab vim yog kev ntxhov siab vim.

Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog tshuaj los ntawm cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, txij li thaum lawv yog cov feem ntau kawm thiab cov teebmeem ntawm lawv cov kev siv yog zoo dua lub npe hu.

MAOIs - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Kev npaj "Iproniazid" qhib ib tug ntawm cov thawj, raws li zoo li lwm yam tshuaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg, xws li "isocarboxazid," "tranylcypromine" inhibit monoamine oxidase enzyme tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj nyob rau hauv lub paj txoj. Vim rau qhov no, lub neurotransmitters uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau peb cov mus ob peb vas, xws li serotonin, noradrenaline thiab tyramine, tsis tawg down thiab maj mam accumulates nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.

Cov feem ntau tus kws kho antidepressants, MAOIs rau atypical kev nyuaj siab, los yog thaum cov tshuaj tricyclic pab pawg neeg tsis tuaj thiab tsis muaj cov yam nyhuv. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov tseeb hais tias lawv tsis muaj ib tug yooj yim cawv, thiab nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, hnia kev xav.

Raws li zoo raws li lub tricyclic tshuaj, MAOIs tsis muaj tam sim ntawd feem nyob rau hauv tib - antidepressants cawv los ib tug ob peb lub lis piam tom qab pib ntawm lub txais tos.

Vim lub fact tias Mao inhibitors muaj ntau sab los (thiab kuj nkag hnov mob nrog rau cov tshuaj rau hnoos thiab mob khaub thuas, thiab muaj peev xwm ntxias sia nce ntawm cov ntshav siab), tab sis kuj vim hais tias ntawm lub haum txhav noj cov zaub mov thaum muab muab tej tshuaj tsis tshua muaj, thaum lwm yam kev kho tsis tau pab.

xim serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Peb soj ntsuam ib pab pawg neeg ntawm TCAs thiab MAOIs - nws feem ntau yog nyuam qhuav qhib thiab zoo-kawm tshuaj. Tab sis cov "laus" tiam ntawm antidepressants tau maj hloov los ntawm ntau niaj hnub tshuaj uas thaiv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm neurotransmitters, tsis yog txhua txhua, tiam sis tsuas yog ib zaug xwb - serotonin, tiv thaiv nws rov qab takeover neurons. Qhov no yuav tsub lub concentration thiab muaj ib tug kho nyhuv. Yuav kom muaj xws li xws niaj hnub SSRI tshuaj xws li "fluoxetine", "sertraline", "Zoloft", "Paroxetine" thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no ntawm cov tshuaj sau tseg tsawg phiv, thiab lawv tsis heev npaum li cas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub cev.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors thiab noradrenaline

Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj cov tshuaj tshiab, uas belongs rau lub thib peb tiam antidepressants. Lawv pib ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 90-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo. Cov tshuaj xws li "Cymbalta", "Effexor" thaiv lub reuptake ntawm serotonin yog tsis zoo xwb, tab sis kuj noripinefrina, tab sis cov tshuaj xws li "Wellbutrin" thiab "Zyban" tiv thaiv lub rov qab los ntawm norepinephrine thiab dopamine.

Drug phiv nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog npaum li cas me dua cov lwm yam, thiab lawv yog qhia es weakly. Tom qab tau txais antidepressants, tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm xws inhibitors li "duloxetine" thiab "Bupropion", tej zaum yuav muaj ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv hnyav thiab me me kawg nyob rau hauv kev sib deev ib cheeb.

Noradrenergic thiab tej serotonergic antidepressants - NaSSAs

Lwm ntawm cov kawm pawg NaSSA antidepressant tshuaj uas qeeb los yog txawm nres lub capture ntawm noradrenaline synapses ntawm lub paj hlwb, li no ua nws cov concentration. Tej cov tshuaj raws li "Remeron" "Lerivon" "Serzon" nqa tawm thaiv serotonin receptors.

Ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no muaj cov me me xws phiv tsis kaj siab xws li nkees nkees, qhov ncauj qhuav, nce qab los noj mov thiab txuam koj qhov hnyav nce. Ncua tseg antidepressants ntawm no pab pawg neeg yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb meem loj.

Dhau li ntawm tus yooj yim pawg antidepressants saum toj no, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj uas yuav tsis tau ntaus nqi mus rau ib tug ntawm lawv. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tshuaj nyob tus yeees thiab mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov no, piv txwv li, cov tshuaj xws li "Bupropion", "Hypericin", "Tianeptine", "Nefazodone" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

lwm txoj kev

Niaj hnub no, txawv teb chaws kws txawj yog nce siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau neurotransmitters thiab tsis nyob rau neurotransmitters, tab sis nyob rau lub zwj ceeb ntawm lub endocrine system, xws li cov qog adrenal, hypothalamus thiab pituitary caj pas. Ib txhia ntawm cov tshuaj no, xws li "Aminoglutethimide" thiab "ketoconazole" inhibit adrenal hormone cortisol synthesis, tab sis lawv muaj ntau ntau kev phiv thiab muaj kev tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub endocrine system.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no feem ntau yog raug xa mus antalarmina receptor antagonists muab qhov zoo zoo uas muaj tranquilizers thiab antidepressants.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus pharmacological kev kho mob ntawm depressive lub xeev, yog nce siv hom kev kawm xws li sib quas ntus normobaric hypoxia thiab plasmapheresis, lub teeb kev kho, raws li tau zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg uas txo cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob tshwm amelioration.

Pro thiab con

Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas coj antidepressants, pom zoo tias nws yog heev tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias lawv yog npaum li cas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua los ntawm ib tug kws chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias cov tshuaj thiab lawv ntau npaum tej zaum yuav appoint ib tug kws kho mob, nyob rau hauv uas nws tswj thiab tau coj lawv. Tsis txhob cia siab tias ib tug instant txoj kev txhim kho. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov kev txiav txim ntawm hopelessness thiab tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub neej, raws li zoo raws li nkees, apathy thiab kev tu siab mus los ntawm 3-4 lub lis piam tom qab pib ntawm muaj quag thawj coj.

Ib tug ntawm cov biggest disadvantages ntawm cov tshuaj yog cov antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, uas manifests nws tus kheej nrog ib tug ntse thiab uncontrolled txiav ntawm lawv txais mus kawm.

Yuav ua li cas mus thov?

1. Yog hais tias koj tau paub hais tias mob plawv, mob raum lossis daim siab tus kab mob yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob.

2. antidepressants ua ib lub zuj zus, ces cov tshwj xeeb yuav xaiv ib tug yeeb tshuaj uas yog haum rau koj.

3. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, ib tug noj tshuaj yog tsis txaus, koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab tshuaj rau simultaneous txais tos ntawm ntau yam (tranquilizers thiab antidepressants, antipsychotics thiab tej anticonvulsant yeeb siv tshuaj). Raws li cov kev kuaj mob thiab saib xyuas koj Somatic mob, ib tug tshwj xeeb yuav xaiv cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau los txuam rau txhua lwm yam thiab yuav tsis muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau tib neeg lub cev.

4. Koj yuav tsis txhob noj antidepressant tshuaj mam li nco dheev thiab tsis muaj kev sib tham nrog ib tug kws, raws li qhov no tej zaum yuav paug cov chav kawm ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab ua tau ntau yam ntawm tsis kaj siab physiological cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

5. Muaj coob tus neeg nug seb nws puas yuav tau haus dej haus antidepressants thiab haus dej haus cawv ua ke. Tag nrho cov lus qhia rau cov tshuaj qhia hais tias nws yog categorically tsis tsim nyog, vim hais tias nws yuav ua rau loj puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb, los yog kev tuag.

ntsoos ntsoos los yog hom?

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog tias koj noj antidepressants rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab ces, txawm yog vim li cas, nres dheev, yuav ua rau tsis xis nyob, xws li kev xav tsis ruaj tsis khov cwj pwm, qaug zog, mob ib ce, dias taub hau. Tag nrho cov tsos mob no yog hu ua antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. Uas yog vim li cas cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom koj maj txo lub koob tshuaj tshuaj tau txais thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj li nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog cov tub txawg muaj peev xwm pab daws tsis xis nyob, muaj khaws cov tsim nyog normotonics thiab npaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj yog coj uncontrollably, thiab ces nws lub sij hawm twb dheev haujlwm, xws kev tshem ntawm antidepressants yuav ua tau kom pw tsaug zog ua cuam tshuam, muaj zog ntxhov siab vim, thiab muaj teeb meem nrog rau cov hlab plawv system. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nram qab no cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav tshwm sim:

• tsis yog zoo caij ntshai;
• kab mob khaub thuas zoo li cov tsos mob;
• xeev siab, ntuav;
• tu-sauv thiab mob nyob rau hauv lub mob huam;
• tsis sib haum, thiab kiv tauv hau;
• npau suav phem;
• povtseg co.

es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug xaus

Los ntawm cov foregoing nws peev xwm yuav xaus txog yuav ua li cas muaj zog thiab heev txaus ntshai cov tshuaj no, dab tsi yog antidepressants uas yog niaj hnub cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm tiv nrog kev nyuaj siab. Txawm li cas los, ua ntej koj pib noj lawv, nrog ib tug kws - hlwb los yog psychoneurologist uas yuav tau xam tawm uas daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no yog koj thiab yog dab tsi tshuaj pab tiv nrog nws.