Bashkir qhia txog yam tshiab. Bashkir ornaments thiab cov qauv

Bashkir ornaments thiab cov qauv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas kab lis kev cai thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm sab ntsuj plig creativity ntawm cov neeg ntawm Bashkortostan. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, folk kos duab yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm centuries ntawm txoj kev loj hlob: nyob rau hauv lub ornamentation, nyob rau hauv tej yam qauv, nyob rau hauv cov xim, nyob rau hauv ib tug ua ke ntawm pej xeem ntxias vividly reflected lub neej ntawm cov neeg thiab lawv to taub txog cov ib puag ncig kev muaj tiag ntawm txawv ua sawv ntawm lub keeb kwm.

Piav txog yam tshiab raws li lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm haiv neeg

Txheej xwm loj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Bashkirs, tej twists nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej yeej ib txwm los yog yuav luag ib txwm pom artistic qhia nyob rau hauv lub arts, xws li hniav: nyob rau hauv lub ornamentation nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tua, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab los yog cov uas twb muaj hom extinction creativity.

Bashkir txog yam tshiab ornamentation hom kev kawm, cov xim, cov qauv yog concentrated terminology qhia interplay ntawm haiv neeg keeb kwm ntawm lub Bashkir neeg. Qhov no siv rau nws cov keeb kwm, haiv neeg dab nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum ub thiab niaj hnub keeb kwm thiab kev cai kev sib tshuam nrog cov nyob sib ze haiv neeg. Fine kos duab rau ob peb yog vim li cas, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ua tsaug rau tus poj stability ntawm lub qhia txog yam tshiab, siab thiab vividly tshaj ntau lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas kab lis kev cai, Dais lub ib co kua nplaum ntawm txawv eras thiab sis ntawm txawv haiv neeg tej pawg neeg.

National ornaments thiab cov qauv yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau txhua hom ntawm cov khoom manufactured los ntawm kev tu ob txhais tes ntawm pej xeem ntxias:

• ntaub pua plag, khaub ncaws, phuam da dej, yuav kub hnyiab tau, cov ntaub pua txaj;
• tawv khoom, zoo nkauj khoom ua los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ntaub ntawv;
• tais diav, lauj kaub tais diav;
• kos duab paintings, kos duab, prints, printing, thiab hais txog.

Ntaub Pua Plag weaving

Piav txog yam tshiab ntawm lub Bashkir neeg yog tshwj xeeb yog tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag weaving. Patterned pua yog ib tug yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus ntxhais. Pua patterned nrog kab txaij raug faib thoob plaws yav qab teb Bashkiria thiab cov Bashkir neeg ntawm cov Kurgan cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-western, thaj thiab central ib feem ntawm Bashkiria, nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm cov dej ntws DEMA thiab IR, raws li zoo raws li lub nruab nrab thiab qis nce mus txog rau ntawm tus dej dawb woven pua feem ntau nrog geometric qauv.

Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab-xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws ib tug loj kis nyob rau hauv lub qhia txog yam tshiab ntawm pua tau txais floral motifs nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov curls thiab ceg nrog paj, nplooj, berries, apples thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no tshiab, niaj hnub nimno theem ntawm evolution ntawm ornaments thiab cov qauv rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Bashkortostan.

Pua nrog ib tug txaij qauv

Pua nrog qauv kab txaij yog woven nrog los xij 20-22 cm nyob rau hauv dav. Lub longitudinally-txaij qauv yog tsim lub hauv paus ntawm dyed xov yaj tshis cov plaub hau. Palace qauv yog yooj yim - nws yog longitudinal, toothed los yog tus multi-kob kab txaij. Heev yooj yim txaij Bashkir txog yam tshiab qhia hais tias nws yog lub feem ntau ancient hom ntaub pua tsev.

Pua nrog geometric thiab floral qauv

Lawv sewn ob, tej zaum peb woven ntaub ntawm dav 40-60 cm thiab dag nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim ntug. Bordure feem ntau woven cais cov ntaub ntawv uas web thiab nrog ib tug qauv sib txawv dog dig los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub hauv paus teb. Tej zaum cov ntaub pua tsev tsis muaj ciam teb.

Bashkirsky hniav ntaub pua nrog geometric qauv dua li rectilinear, nrog leej cov nuj nqis. Lub ntsiab ntsiab ntawm nws yog terraced multicolored diamonds, squares, yim-taw lub hnub qub thiab lwm yam kev rho los, ncaj kab sau ornamented ntaub pua teb. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, tsim sab hauv tib yam, tab sis me me nuj nqis. Piav txog yam tshiab ntsiab, suav hais tias nyias, yog pom nyob rau hauv lub ornamentation ntawm ntau lwm haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ua ke, ib tug tag nrho muaj pes tsawg leeg uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xaiv cov xim, lawv tsim ib hom ntawm cov kob txawv, uas imparts ib tug tshwj xeeb qhia txog yam tshiab Bashkir teb chaws xim.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsob nroj kev kho mob kev ntawm cov pa geometrical qauv qhia rhombus coj twigs nrog nplooj, thiab yim-taw lub hnub qub yog kho raws li yim-paj.

xim spectrum

Bashkir lub teb chaws txog yam tshiab rau xim varied. Xim kab txaij - liab, daj, ntsuab, xiav, xiav, liab doog thiab lwm yam xim nyob rau hauv lub deepest nrog ib tug meej predominance ntawm madder xim. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab tsis kom rov hais dua txhua lwm yam weavers ua ib tug tseem ceeb ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov xim. Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj formulation skilful xaiv thiab ua ke nrog ntawm cov xim lawv lub siab brilliance qhia txog yam tshiab.

patterned fabrics

Bashkir ornaments thiab cov qauv tseem yuav muaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub teb chaws tiab. Fabrics ua los ntawm kev cog fibers nyob rau hauv Bashkirs yog nplua nuj thiab luscious qauv, ib tug ntau yam ntawm decorating hom kev kawm. Xaws khaub ncaws txhua hnub, txhua hnub khoom tau manufactured thiaj li hu ua pestryad - kob canvas nyob rau hauv ib lub tawb los yog sawb. Festive thiab ceremonial khaub ncaws, khoom, decorating lub tsev, ornamented qauv qiv nyiaj yuav tsev los yog Xua textiles (woven ntaub).

Ntawm multicolored xaws poj niam tsho, aprons, cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej lub ris. Vim hais tias nws yog los tablecloths, phuam da dej, napkins, yuav kub hnyiab tau, thiab thiaj li ntau yam scrip. D. Pestryad checkered qauv yog tsim los ntawm cov kev tshuam ntawm dawb lias kab txaij. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam ntawm Bashkortostan nyob rau hauv lub Urals thiab pestryad woven loj hlwb. Lub predominant xim liab, dawb thiab dub xim. National txog yam tshiab multicolored sab qaum teb cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm cov me me qauv hlwb thiab ntau ntau yam xim. Feem ntau plaid pestryad tsim rau aprons, tablecloths thiab yuav kub hnyiab tau, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ornaments thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Xua-zoo li medallions outlets.

hom ntawm ornaments

Pw textile qauv adorned tsuas khoom ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj rau lub tsev: yuav kub hnyiab tau, phuam da dej thiab tablecloths. Nyob rau hauv lub ornamentation ntawm cov khaub ncaws nyiaj txais muas tsev txheej txheem yog tsis muaj ntaub ntawv. Qhov yooj yim hais txog qhov qhia txog yam tshiab, ua bookmarks yog loj heev terraced kab - qhov no yog ib tug raug Bashkir qhia txog yam tshiab. Xam cov kab yog nyuab, lawv sib thooj, tsim tau ib cov X-zoo li tus, 3-zoo li tus, pob zeb diamond-zoo li tus, 8-zoo li tus duab, thiab lwm yam ntau cov qauv. Heev cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub yim-taw lub hnub qub, ib tug ntoo khaub lig, ib tug swastika, ib pob zeb diamond nrog lub continuation ntawm ob tog los yog nrog ntxaib curls ntawm cov fab, hornlike zoo.

paj ntaub

Feeb nyob rau hauv Bashkiria paj ntaub nws yog txawm ntau ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj patterned fabrics. Yog vim li cas yog ib tug yooj yim txheej txheem ua hauj lwm, thiab koj yuav ua muaj tswv yim ntau endeavors. Tab Tom Hlab yuav tsum tau feedstock thiab looms, thiab cov kis ntawm tiav lawm fabrics chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm nws tus kheej yog ib tug anachronism. Tab sis paj ntaub nyob rau hauv coob niaj hnub no. Muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov qauv thiab ornaments Bashkir. Nuj nqis nyob ntawm seb lub paj ntaub machinery thiab txoj kev thov dluab rau ib tug ntxhib nto embroider.

Basic ntsiab ntawm lub qhia txog yam tshiab - qhov no daim duab raws li ib tug khub ntawm tshuab raj ram, S-zoo li tus kab, uas, nyob rau hauv ntau yam ob peb ua ke tsim cov qauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv X, los yog tsim ib tug swastika heev stylized floral motifs. Bashkir txog yam tshiab tua paj ntaub rau daim ntaub, ntaub, tsis tshua rau paj rwb ntaub txhob lo lo ntxhuav, wool los yog paj rwb thread. Cov qauv rau lub eeb-daim ntaub feem ntau yog sewn nyob rau ib tug liab los yog ntsuab keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab nyob rau hauv hnab thiab hniav tapes tseem tshwm sim thiab dub keeb kwm yav dhau, uas muab cov qauv ntawm cov siab brightness thiab muab ib tug ntshiab lub suab ntawm txhua lub xim nyob rau hauv tus qauv. Rau cov qauv rau lawv tus kheej feem ntau yog xaiv cov xim thiab sov xim, tiam sis feem ntau, contrasting nrog rau lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Feem ntau cov feem ntau siv liab, daj, ntsuab thiab tsis tshua muaj heev xiav thiab xim xiav. Favorite xim liab yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv tib tus qauv nrog ib tug liab tom qab.

carving

Carving, kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov tais diav thiab painting rau wood yog tsis raws li ntau ntawm cov Bashkirs, xws li paj ntaub los yog weaving. Qhov kos yog lub architectural carving, ntawm tus thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Bashkiria qhov txhia chaw. Cov feem ntau lug siv artistic ntoo carving tau nyob rau hauv lub roob sab southeastern Bashkiria, qhov twg feeb meej tshaj plaws uas nws kim heev taiga forests ntawm lub yav qab teb Urals, uas yog muab ib tug ntau yam ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv rau "ntoo ntau lawm".

Xav tau kev pab ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab cov nyob rau ntawm hav zoov tau ntev ua nws tsim nyog thiab tau mus ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntau yam lauj kaub tais diav, khoom vaj khoom tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub Bashkirs practicality, expediency tau kev cob cog rua thiab intertwined nrog aesthetic tastes. Raug cov khoom uas niaj hnub siv, Bashkirs sim ua kom lawv tsis tau tsuas check, ib qho yooj yim-rau-siv, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj. Nws yog tsis muaj kev huam yuaj hauv lub feem ntau tiag tiag li, nthuav yog tus qauv rau cov tais diav thiab tej yam uas yog txhua txhua hnub, lossi siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm thoob rau koumiss, nyob rau hauv lub ornamentation ntawm cov tais diav, nrag ntoo txhawb nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab, nrog rau lub teb chaws xim, ua hauj lwm tawm tiam dhau ib tiam, fwm cov ntsiab ntawm cov qauv uas yog raug ntawm lub ancient pab pawg neeg uas koom ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub haiv neeg tsim ntawm Bashkir lub teb chaws.

xaus

Piav txog yam tshiab ntawm lub Bashkir neeg - tib yam lus dab neeg. Nws yog qhov khoom ntawm collective ua hauj lwm ntawm successive tiam. Txhua qauv - qhov tshwm sim ntawm collective ua hauj lwm, thaum nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib yam khoom ntawm artistic lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug neeg. Muaj ntau ntxias tsis tsuas hloov nyob rau hauv lawv cov zoo-paub cov qauv, tab sis kuj tsim tshiab sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus tshiab khiv tsim cov qauv tsis zoo li qub. Lwm yam kev ntxias zom kom lawv ntsoog los yog relying on tsoos qauv, tsim koj tus kheej. Li no muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab richness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas peb pom nyob rau hauv tsoos ornamentation ntawm Bashkiria.