"Borodino" Leej twg sau tau nws? Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub paj huam "Borodino"

Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812 mus txog rau thaum tam sim no pom tau hais tias yuav lub clearest piv txwv ntawm cov sawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab patriotic ntsuj plig, thaum los kom tiv thaiv ntxeem tau los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab sawv united neeg, tsis muaj division rau hauv cov qib thiab Estates.

Txheej xwm ntawm lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tub rog ntawm Napoleon, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau Moscow, yuav nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cim xeeb, nyob rau hauv lub paintings ntawm ntxias rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm novels thiab paj huam kab. Cov paj huam, uas yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab yog hu ua - "Borodino". Leej twg sau tau no poetic zaj nkauj rau Lavxias teb sab patriotism los ua lub npe hu thaum lub sij hawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm lub 25 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino nyob rau hauv 1837.

Poet, tub ceev xwm, patriot

Nws twb tau destined rau nyob ib tug heev luv luv lub neej, tab sis tus naj npawb thiab scale ntawm txuj ci ua co, nws lub npe yog - ntawm cov loj tshaj geniuses uas sau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov paj huam thiab prose nws sau phau ntawv uas txhawj txog peb, nyob ob centuries tom qab. Mihail Yurevich Lermontov yug nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 15, 1814.

Nws keeb kwm yog Scottish khiav, nws sau raws li nws txwv zeej txwv koob cov lus Mev nobleman Francisco Lerma ntawm lub XVII xyoo pua, tab sis nws raug coj mus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ib puag ncig thiab nws cov puag ncig xov xwm tiag tiag lub teb chaws Lavxias teb sab lus. Propensity rau kev ua hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv, kuj ceeb tias hos xwm los ua ib tug prerequisite uas sau ntawv txuj ci Lermontov sai sai los ua paub thoob plaws lub nyeem Lavxias teb sab.

Tom qab hai tau npaj siab kom tau ib tug tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg, mus xaus qhov teeb meem nrog rau cov professorial neeg ua hauj lwm, Lermontov kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm ensigns tiv thaiv thiab pib nws cov tub rog hauj lwm. Tom qab, raws li cov memoirs ntawm contemporaries, nws txawv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, raws li ib tug siab tawv thiab skilful tub ceev xwm.

Hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812

Cov menyuam kawm ntawm Napoleon tus ntxeem tau yog ib tug zoo precursor ntawm Lermontov - Pushkin, uas rau xyoo cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsis koom nrog nyob rau hauv tsov rog, tab sis twb intimately paub ntau rau nqi heev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Ntawm lawv yog cov Decembrists, uas nws xav lom zem ntau qhia los ntawm cov Pushkin.

Heroes 'cua daj cua dub nyob rau hauv' 12 "twb ncig thiab Lermontov, tiam ntawm winners Napoleon coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog, muaj coob tus neeg nws paub tus kheej. Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws mloog cov dab neeg ua tsov ua rog cov qub tub rog - lub peasants. Thiab nws yog nyob ntawm no uas originates lub keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm "Borodino" zaj paj huam, raws li nws kuj zoo kawg-txiv ntxawm - Afanasiy Alekseevich Stolypin - koom nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino.

"Qhia rau kuv, tus txiv ntxawm ..."

Nws yog tus tij laug Elizavety Alekseevny Arsenevoy - pog ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, uas adored Mikhail Yurevich, tsa nws thiab hais tias nws thiaj li faus Lermontov nyob rau hauv nws qub txeeg qub tes tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv ib tug duel. From thaum pib ntawm lub Napoleonic phiaj los nqis tes Athanasius Stolypin yog ib tug artillery tub ceev xwm, nws tau raug mob nyob rau hauv 1807 nyob rau hauv Prussia, thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov kub qhov chaw - nyob rau hauv Shevardino redoubt. Nws yog cim los ntawm Kutuzov thiab muab tsub lub golden caj npab - ib tug rab ntaj nrog lub inscription "Rau siab loj". Tus tauj ncov loj Athanasios Stolypin koom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog nyob rau hauv 1814 mus txog rau thaum nws resignation rau kev raug mob muaj kev hwm rau cov lug txhawb cov miv.

Mikhail yau tshaj nws 26 xyoo, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj tsim kev phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum nws yog ib tug uas tau sau paj huam "Borodino", uas tau sau thaum pib ntawm nws hloov dua siab tshiab: "Qhia rau kuv, tus txiv ntxawm," - rau ntau, nws yog tseeb qhov twg nws hnov dab neeg hais txog cov neeg phem heev hnub, uas yog qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov protagonist-hais dabneeg thiab mus rau leej twg tus sau chaw nyob.

"Lub teb ntawm Borodino"

Tus thawj hu rau ntawm qhov kws sau paj lug rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv xyoo 1830, thaum nws sau ib zaj paj huam "Borodino teb." Nws twb pom ib co tawm dluab thiab kev sib piv, npaj siab ntsuam xyuas tub rog feat, uas yog muab tso rau ib tug par nrog lub yeej Petra Velikogo ntawm Poltava thiab exploits Suvorov cov tub rog. Tab sis ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus kws sau paj lug muaj kov raws li qhov xav tau kev pab ntawm ib tug loj kev siv.

Tus thawj zaj paj huam, ib tug monument rau lub heroes xaiv Borodino Lermontov sau nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 16. Xav sai npaum li cas nws tus txiv txuj ci ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, nws yog ua tau los xyuas seb leej twg tuaj mus txog rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub 25 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Borodino, uas tau sau cov zaum kawg version ntawm cov paj huam. Qhov no tsim tus neeg ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, uas yog tswv rau ib tug tiag tiag paub versification.

feat ntawm cov neeg

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws zaj paj huam hais txog kev tsov rog ntawm 1812 yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm loj thiaj tshwm sim los ntawm tus mus kom ze ntawm lub 25 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm thaum pib ntawm tsov rog nrog rau Napoleon. Cov kws sau paj lug xav qhia lawv views on cov ua ntawm lub yeej, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg uas ua rau Brunt ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntawm kev tsov kev rog.

Lub tswv yim yooj yim, uas imbued cov paj huam "Borodino", lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias Napoleon tus pab tub rog twb tua yeej tsis tau tsuas yog lub cim muaj zog ntawm Kutuzov, tsis tsuas tub rog txuj ci thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm ci ntsa iab generals thiab tub ceev xwm, lawv tus kheej ua siab loj thiab ua siab loj, tab sis kuj lub fact tias tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws ntxeem tau nws nce tag nrho cov neeg, uas lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog yog ruaj khov, ntau dua qhov invader los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Napoleon, uas sib ntaus sib tua ntsuj plig ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog muaj pov thawj muaj zog.

Thiab qhov no yog kev xav yuav tsis, yuav tsis nrhiav tau ib lo lus teb nyob rau hauv lub zej zog mus unnoticed patriotic glow paj huam "Borodino". Leej twg sau tau cov lyrics, tag nrho ntawm siab ntawm sab ntsuj plig rau cov ntsiab lus, tab sis teem tawm lub ntiaj teb thiab siv tau cov lus, yuav tsis tau hnov.

tub rog zaj dabneeg

Lermontov tus ntse pom ib tug amazing hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus kheej uas yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm - cov tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv. Zaj dabneeg hauv lub enormous lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub thawj zaug lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, tus tawm, hais txog yuav ua li cas kopilas kev sib ntxub rau cov yeeb ncuab, nqa tawm nyob rau sawv cev ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub plawv-muaj yam ntau hais lus.

Qhov no lus qhia txog cov tsausmuag txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Borodino: tsho tos decisive sib ntaus sib tua, lub tsiv tawm tsam, lwj liam ua siab tawv qhawv ntawm cov tub rog thiab commanders thiab qhov txaus ntshai losses nyob rau ob sab. Simplicity ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov txheej xwm tsuas qhia qhov tseeb ntawm zaj dab neeg, muab cov kev tshwm sim ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb.

Hais txog teb koj chaw, txog ua siab tawv qhawv, hais txog lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab

Lavxias teb sab tub rog dua ib zaug yuav tsum tau tawm mus rau hauv lub teb ntawm Borodino, tiv thaiv lub capital ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau hauv 1941, ib zaug dua tsis nyuaj hu: "Guys ua tsis eh Moscow rau peb!" - thiab txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias leej twg sau tau cov paj huam "Borodino". Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog ib tug ntse heev, ib tug yeej muaj tseeb patriot yuav tsim ib txoj kab ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab lub dag lub zog. Hais tias xws li yog Mihail Yurevich Lermontov.