Chemosynthesis - ib yam ntawm cov autotrophic kev noj haus

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj ntau ntau txoj kev los muab lub cev. Lawv nyob ntawm seb tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv, kev loj hlob thiab cov vaj tse tej yam kev mob ntawm tus kab mob. Chemosynthesis - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Rau ib txhia kab mob, nws yog raug thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi tej yam kev mob tau? No thiab lwm yam lus nug yuav teb peb tej lus hauv tsab xov xwm.

autotrophs

Lub ob lub ntsiab txoj kev los muab cov kab mob no - yog hetero- thiab autotrophic. Tus thawj tshwm sim npaj assimilation ntawm cov as-ham: cov nqaijrog, lipids thiab carbohydrates. Ces noj cov tsiaj, fungi, ib txhia kab mob. Autotrophs tau coj los ua ke organic tshuaj los ntawm inorganic nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob no yog cov nroj tsuag thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov kab mob.

Hom ntawm autotrophic txoj kev ntawm kev noj mov yog photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis. Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog lub hauv paus muaj zog rau lub neej. Chemosynthesis - ib txoj kev rau muab uas cov oxidation uas inorganic tebchaw. Mus nqa tawm no yog tsis yog txhua txhua sia nyob.

chemotroph

Tus txheej txheem ntawm chemosynthesis, qhib nyob rau hauv 1887 los ntawm lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij S. N. Vinogradovym, nws yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tej pab pawg neeg ntawm ib-celled prokaryotes. Cov no muaj xws hlau, sulfur thiab nitrifying kab mob. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov tseem ceeb nerganicheskie oxidize tshuaj. Yog li, cov hlau yog hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm di- rau trivalent los ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxidation. Ib tug hydrogen sulfide - nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim tshuaj, piv txwv li leej faj ... Nitrifying kab mob yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm.

Thaum decomposition thiab putrefaction ntawm cov organic teeb meem tso ammonia. Group nitrifying kab mob oxidize cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw rau nitric acid. Yaj nyob rau hauv dej, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas tas ib soluble ntsev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nroj tsuag, ib co kab lawv tawm ntawm cov av, enriched nrog nitrogen, muaj cov uas yog ib tug tsim nyog mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus system. Yog li, chemosynthesis - nws yog tus txheej txheem ntawm cov kev muab cov kev tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob ib txhij.

phototrophic

Lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm autotrophic kab mob yog cov nroj tsuag. Lawv yog siv rau lub zus tau tej cov organic tshuaj tshav ntuj. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv ntawm cov lawv cov zaub mov yog hu ua phototrophic. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yog tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cell organelles - chloroplasts. Lawv muaj ib tug colorant - xim chlorophyll.

Nws yog nws leej twg li pleev xim rau photosynthetic qhov chaw ntawm autotrophic kab mob nyob rau hauv ntsuab. Nws kuj yog ib tug tsim nyog mob ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog muaj dej thiab carbon dioxide, uas yog tso tawm raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev ua pa uas muaj sia nyob. Tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis yog qhov tseem ceeb planetary tseem ceeb. Lub fact tias cov tsim tsis tsuas cov carbohydrate qabzib, uas yog siv phototrophic li ib tug lub zog qhov chaw, tab sis kuj cov pa, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm to. Qhov no tsis muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa roj yog tsis tau, thiab chaw pib lub neej nws tus kheej.

Tsis zoo li chemosynthesis photosynthesis

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ob hom no yog saum toj no cov txheej txheem autotrophic txoj kev ntawm kev noj mov, thiab lawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Photosynthesis yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau hluav taws xob. Ntxiv mus, nws tshwm sim xwb nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub chloroplast. Chemosynthesis - ib tug txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim tsis muaj lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tej yam kev mob, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov kab mob.

Lawv txawv, thiab lawv lom nqi. Phototrophic muab txhua yam muaj sia nrog rau oxygen. Cov kab mob ua ncig ntawm nitrogen, sulfur thiab lwm yam.

Ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv yog cov tshwm sim uas yog tau ncaj qha autotrophic kab mob rau lawv tus kheej. Photosynthetic nroj tsuag tsim carbohydrate qabzib. Uniting, molecules ntawm uas substance muab polysaccharide cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Nws yog ib tug thaub qab cog as. Chemotroph tsim organic tshuaj ua tsis ncaj nraim, tab sis los ntawm ib tug qauv ntawm ATP - adenosine triphosphate. Qhov no tshuaj yog ib hom ntawm lub zog cia nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas muaj sia nyob. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, nws yog phua. Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb kauj ruam, nyob rau hauv txhua yam uas ib qhov nqi ntawm lub zog tso. Thiab nws siv chemotroph rau lub neej muaj dab.

Yog li, photosynthesis thiab chemosynthesis yog ntau ntau yam ntawm txoj kev ua autotrophic kev noj haus uas muaj sia nyob, uas lawv tus kheej tsim lub zog tsim nyog rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.