Clovis - King ntawm cov Franks: biography, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm. dynasty Merovingian

Clovis, King ntawm cov Franks, muaj ib tug nplua nuj, muaj yeeb yuj pab pawg neeg keeb kwm. Nws yog tus tshaj plaws mas keeb kwm daim duab Merovingian dynasty - tus thawj muaj koob muaj npe dynasty uas kav lub xeev, tam sim no lub ambient Fabkis thiab Belgium. Clovis lub npe, lub ntsiab lus "nrov nrov sib ntaus", thiab ntxiv mutated - Louis hlub nws xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv thiab ua nrov tshaj plaws lub npe nyob rau hauv Germanic thiab Romance cov teb chaws Europe.

Lub keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm cov Merovingian dynasty

Frankish Merovingian dynasty muaj cov hauv paus hniav: rau sis thib 5 ntawd xyoo pua, lawv pog koob yawg koob nyob rau German av, tab sis los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua, lawv taws ncaj nraim rau Gaul, thiab hauv muaj, cia li nrhiav ib tug tshiab lub xeev. Ib txhia historians cam hais tias lub xeev no hu ua "Austrasia", nrog ib tug ua kom pom tseeb nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm niaj hnub Lorraine.

Lub sij hawm thav duab ntawm lub Board Merovingian: 5-13 xyoo pua. Golden muaj hnub nyoog Dynasty mus rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm huab tais Arthur, thiab vim hais tias ntawm no tiag tiag keeb kwm yog zoo intertwined nrog lub Merovingian Norse mythology, uas yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim keeb kwm kev tsom xam.

Direct founder ntawm lub dynasty - MERS, Clovis tus yawm txiv, uas coj mus rau lub teb chaws ntawm Gaul Roman kev cai ntawm lub Board, lub zam rau secular kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm ntawv. Tag nrho nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv twb tsis crowned vaj. Txawm li cas los, lawv tau zoo siab uas los ntawm cov neeg, uas tau tsa nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov ritual pe hawm Vajtswv. Thaum Merab yog tsim los pab post "mayor ntawm lub palace" - ib txoj hauj lwm zoo ib yam li tus ncej ntawm Chancellor. Txij thaum ntawd los, tag nrho cov monarchs, muaj koob muaj npe Merovingian ua lawv lub luag hauj lwm raws li cov thawj coj tus neeg mob pauv rau lub xub pwg nyom ntawm tus tswv zos ntawm lub palace.

Dawb huv regalia thiab cim ntawm lub hwj chim

Yus lub cim ntawm lub Merovingian overbearing - cov plaub hau ntev txiav uas yog piv rau lub renunciation ntawm lub hwj chim. Piv txwv li, Clotilde, tus poj niam ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis, ua nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv: tus parting nrog cov plaub hau los yog txoj kev tuag raug txhom cov xeeb ntxwv, pom zoo rau cov kev xaiv thib ob, tsis pab nws lub hwj chim. Cov plaub hau ntev no kuj mob nrog paranormal peev xwm Merovingian, lub txiaj ntsim ntawm kev kho neeg mob. Ib yam li cov Biblical cov lus dab neeg ntawm Xaxoo thiab Delilah treacherous, txiav lawv cov plaub hau meant poob hwj chim.

Dawb huv emblem ntawm lub dynasty - lub golden ntab, inlaid nrog garnets. Muv - ib yam dawb ceev pagan lub cim ntawm kev tsis txawj tuag, nyob mus ib txhis lub neej. Nws yog ib lub emblem ntawm Napoleon tom qab borrowed, kuv ntseeg hais tias nws yuav taw tes rau qhov tseeb ntawm lub keeb kwm laaj ntawm nws lub hwj chim.

Mythological lus dab neeg ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub Merovingian dynasty

Meroveya ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe - "glorious sib ntaus sib tua". Grigoriem Turskim qhia txog cov kev lig kev cai uas Merab yug raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws niam lub kev sib deev kev sib ntsib nrog ib tug hiav txwv dab. Tswvyim hais ua dabneeg muaj nws uas nyob rau ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm nws tus tub tus niam pom ib tug npua teb bristle nyob rau hauv Meroveya nyob tom qab. Historians nyob qib qub no tswvyim hais ua dabneeg yog lub cult ntawm cov tsiaj qus npua teb, lub patron neeg dawb huv ntawm cov tub rog affairs thiab vaj tswv ntawm fertility ntawm cov ancient Franks.

Raws li Legend, lub npua teb ib xyoos ib zaug mus rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej tawm thiab muab cov admirers fertility thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv cov tub rog teb. Tom qab, nyob rau hauv Norse mythology nws yog tau mus soj ntsuam amplification npua teb-cult thawj coj.

Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav chroniclers Clovis, huab tais ntawm cov Franks. Biography ntawm lub Merovingian thiab cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws reign

Clovis kuv - lub npe ntawm peb cov Frankish kav cov vaj ntxwv ntawm lub Merovingian dynasty. Yuav ua li cas historians paub txog nws?

Clovis, King ntawm cov Franks, Meroveya tus tub xeeb ntxwv, tus tub Hilderiha kuv thiab Bazin, raws li cov chronicle cov ntaub ntawv, tau yug los txog 466 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 15 xyoo, tsev kawm ntawv Clovis ua huab tais rau ib tug me me ib feem salic (ie offshore) francs thiab tuaj mus rau grips nrog lub expansion ntawm ib thaj tsam ntawm nws ib ncig.

Thaum kov yeej lub teb chaws Siarpiya Clovis kuv thiab Allied kav cov vaj ntxwv mus ua tsov ua rog nrog rau lub Goths. Tsis disdaining tsis muaj intrigues, tsis muaj meanness, tsis muaj neeg tua neeg, tsev kawm ntawv Clovis tshem ntawm tag nrho cov npaj txhij southwestern av. Twb tau nyob rau 507, nws tau zaum rau lub zwm txwv ntawm tus kav tag nrho Fabkis pawg neeg thaj av. Historians ntseeg hais tias qhov no zoo tau muab nws txiav txim siab ua kevcai raus dej, sau hnub tim 25 lub Kaum Ob Hlis 498 Thaum ua kev cai raus King spodvigla nws tus poj niam Clotilde.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis, King ntawm cov Franks, nws ua Paris lub peev ntawm tus kov yeej pawg neeg thaj av. Thiab los ntawm pib lub creation ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov kev cai Frankish, nws kuj qhib ib tug tshiab tshooj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Nordic keeb kwm.

Clovis tuag nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 511, nyob tawm tag nrho lawv tej teb chaws li ib tug qub txeeg qub teg tub.

Phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau Siarpiya. Cov kev lig kev cai ntawm lub tais Soissons

Coj chaw ua hauj huab tais Clovis pib ua raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm gradual capture tag nrho cov Gallic pawg neeg thaj av. Lub tswv yim yog raws li nram no: nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau mus rau lub Gothic thiab Burgundian pawg neeg thaj av constituted tidbit ntawm av yuav tsum tau cuav Siarpiya adjoining lub coveted chaw uas zoo heev.

Clovis yog tsis yooj yim mus txeeb av Siarpiya, thiab tsis ntev lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog maj nce lub Burgundians ntiaj teb. Clovis 'troops tsis zam lus txhais tau tias ib tug ceev nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov tub rog campaigns feem ntau plundered lub koom txoos thiab lub tuam tsev.

Lug paub li nram qab no kev lig kev cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lwm tua nyob rau lub tsev teev ntuj, lub Franks thiab lawv Korol Hlodvig tuaj nyob ib tug heev tseem ceeb cov mug. Qhov no raug yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus Npis Sov cia thov tus huab tais rov qab mus rau lub tuam tsev. Clovis yog adamant thiab demanded tias lub vajvoog tau hais tseg nyob rau hauv nws cov feem ntawm cov spoils. Tag nrho cov associates ntawm tus huab tais twb tsis pom zoo rau seem no, tab sis ib tug ntawm cov Franks tsis kam ua thiab ntaus ib tug mug nrog ib tug rab ntaj, nyob rau hauv txoj kev chim siab, nws hais rau tus huab tais, hais tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv lawv txoj hauj lwm thiab tau txais trophies nyob rau hauv excess ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.

King pretended zam txim rau nws no ua kom yuam kev, thiab txawm rov qab mus rau tus npis sov ntawm lub mug, tab sis ib xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov tub rog, liam tias cov tub rog uas nws rab phom nyob rau hauv ib tug phem mob, snatched los ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm lub taus thiab cuam nws mus rau hauv av, thiab thaum twg cov peeb zeej khoov duav nws, tej nyob rau hauv ib nrab nws lub pob txha taub hau.

Kev cai raus dej ntawm Clovis: Antecedents thiab yuav tshwm

Lub nkag tau rau tus me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, Clovis yog nws lub neej mus rau ib tug devout Catholic Clotilde, Princess ntawm Burgundy. Nce lub koob muaj npe zwm txwv, Clotilde desperately sim mus yuam tus poj niam coj nws txoj kev ntseeg.

Cov me nyuam no tau hai rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Oddly muaj pov thawj Klotilda Hlodvigu tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm nws gods, taw tes rau lawv kev zoo sib thooj rau cov pa, petty, vicious neeg, nws sawv ntawm nws thiab teb nws hais tias nws ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov gods, thiab vaj tswv ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv yog implausible, vim hais tias tsis manifest nws tus kheej thiab tsis tau ua txuj ci tseem ceeb.

Clovis xav thawb los ntawm cov Christian txoj kev ntseeg thiab qhov tseeb hais tias tus thawj-yug los ntawm Clotilde tuag ncaj qha nyob rau hauv kev cai raus dej, nyob rau hauv lub koos pis. Clovis thaum lub sij hawm twb ntxias hais tias yog hais tias tus me nyuam tau muab rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub pagan gods, nws tseem yuav ciaj sia.

Txawm li cas los, cov dej ris deb lub pob zeb, thiab Clotilde ua nws tus kheej. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 498, lub Gallic huab tais ua kevcai raus dej. Raws li kev lig kev cai lub tsev teev ntuj, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog almandtsami. Thaum tsev kawm ntawv Clovis twb poob lub sib ntaus sib tua, nws vainly thov lawv tej vajtswv pab, thiab thaum twg kev cia siab ntawm txoj kev cawm seej muaj me ntsis King nco txog cov lus ntawm kev thov Vajtswv rau Yexus tus Cawm Seej, lawv hais tias, thiab cov Franks, ua ib tug muaj kev vam meej maneuver, yeej almandtsev.

Kav cov vaj ntxwv Hla nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Reims nyob rau hauv 496. Tuav ntawm Clovis thiab nws tam sim ntawd kawm rau cov ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg tshwm sim los rau nws lub sij hawm ntawm kev phooj ywg nrog lub Gallo-Loos, uas tso cai rau kom ho nthuav lawv Holdings.

Cov kev cai dab qhuas kev cai ntawm lub Merovingian dynasty

Ib tug interesting tseeb yog hais tias tus tshiab lub xeev Austrasia tsis ua ib tug Christian nyob rau hauv lub truest siab ntawm lo lus, txawm tom qab ua kev cai raus Clovis thiab nws ze entourage. Txawm tias tag nrho lub zog ntawm sincere ntseeg Clotilde, rau txoj kev ntseeg tseeb ntawm nws tus txiv tsis tuaj. Raws li ua ntej, cov neeg rau siab ntso ua ntaub ntawv rau pagan kev lis kev cai, tej kab ke thiab Scandinavian pantheon.

Clovis Merovingian dynasty tsis yog tshwj xeeb kev txhawj xeeb txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv nws thaj av. Tom qab kev cai raus dej, nws cov pej xeem txoj cai tsis tau hloov, yog li ntawd qhov teeb meem ntawm hais tawm ntawm lub Christian txoj kev ntseeg rests nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg nyom ntawm cov tub txib mus txog ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Paris thiab Orleans, raws li zoo li lwm yam sab Merovingian thawj, cov txheej txheem ntawm active "lo ib catholic kev ntseeg" ntawm neeg nyob hauv zos. Yuav ua li cas yog interesting, cov Pope, lub taub hau ntawm lub Koom Txoos Catholic, tsis xeeb avstraziyskih cai rau daim av, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog nws leej twg pab mus rau overthrow ntawm lub Merovingian dynasty mus rau lub zwm txwv.

Qhov no ib zaug dua qhia tau qhov tseeb hais tias tus me nyuam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv rau Clovis li rau lub Lavxias teb sab tub huabtais Vladimir, yog purely nom tswv cunning mnogohodovki. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis, huab tais ntawm cov Franks, yog feem ntau heev zoo ib yam li cov neeg ntawm Vladimir, None ntawm Kievan Rus 'thiab nws thiab lwm yam cai raus dej rau lawv tus kheej thiab ua kevcai raus dej nws entourage, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev nom kev tswv motives, namely, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev phooj ywg nrog lub Byzantine Empire. Tsis tas li ntawd tseem ceeb kev zoo sib thooj ntaub ntawv scenario tom qab lub cai raus dej: lub Gauls, tom qab ua kev cai raus Clovis tseem feem ntau pagan, thiab Kievan Rus tom qab Vladimirovskaya kev cai raus dej tsis coj thawj lub Christian txoj kev ntseeg, thiab tseem nyob rau ntawm lub pagan pantheon.

Gothic tsov rog

Thaum tsev kawm ntawv Clovis, huab tais ntawm cov Franks, hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg, era ntawm kev vam meej nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam txog nrog cov Gallo-Loos. Crept nyob ze rau qhov Gothic pawg neeg thaj av, tsev kawm ntawv Clovis, twb tau txais cov nyiaj them yug ntawm lub siab dua tus xib hwb, nws pib nyob rau hauv lub 500-xyoo tsov rog tawm tsam Gundobalda lub txiv ntxawm ntawm nws tus poj niam Clotilde, uas tau tua nws niam thiab txiv thiab cov kwv tij rau lub zwm txwv. Nyob rau hauv lub 506 th xyoo ntawm lub yeej twb yeej lawm, thiab lub conqueror tuaj, thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub Visigoth lub nceeg vaj. Clovis, raws li Grigoriya Turskogo, yog tsis tshua muaj neeg cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub Goths oppress ib co ntawm Gaul, yog li ntawd ua tsov ua rog pom zoo ua los lawv yog hu ua tus dawb huv, uas yog tsis tshua muaj neeg txaus siab txiv plig.

Clovis thaum kawg npaj mus ntaus nyob ze Poitiers rau Vuglo. Tua Alaric, huab tais ntawm cov Goths, conqueror kiag li kaj siab lug nyob rau hauv nws lub hwj chim thiab raug tsa sawv, yog li ntawd tsis ntev lub Byzantine huab tais Anastasius pog thiab xa ib tsab ntawv rau lub consulate nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia kom meej rau Clovis nws subordinate txoj hauj lwm thiab txais yuav cov kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws thoob plaws lub pawg neeg thaj av uas nws freed los ntawm Goths.

Brutal tswv yim ntawm kev uas tag nrho tej zaum tw

Yuav ua li cas yuav koj piav cov kev tswj ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis? Tom qab ib tug zoo Gallic ua tsov ua rog, nws pib systematically rhuav tshem tag nrho ntawm nws tw, lub Gallic cov thawj coj. Thawb lawv cov av thiab yuav ua kom puas tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv ib tug kab, tus huab tais tsis ntev muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm Gaul.

Close cov txheeb ze, cov kwv tij thiab Rignomera Rihara tua nws tus kheej Clovis. King ntawm cov Franks, uas nws biography yog tej uas muaj ntau ntau "xws li" cov neeg sib tw tsausmuag tuag, txawm li cas los, yog tsis ceev-tempered: tsis muaj kev tua neeg tshwm sim affective tw puas lawm maj, cleverly thiab invisibly.

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, tsev kawm ntawv Clovis tua tag nrho cov neeg uas thaum lub sij hawm nws reign tshaj tej tsis haum nws Harariha, tus huab tais tsis kam pab nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Syagrius, thiab nws tus tub, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob sib cem nyob rau lub zwm txwv ntawm nws txiv. Cia li Clovis nkag mus hauv thiab nrog rau cov thawj coj ntawm lub Rhenish Franks: Zigiberta, nws pab pawg phooj ywg, nws tua lub ob txhais tes ntawm nws tus kheej tus tub, pheej mus kav rau patricide cov nyiaj them yug thiab muaj koob muaj npe robes. Thaum Hloderik Zigiberta tua nws tus txiv, thiab tsev kawm ntawv Clovis nkag mus hauv lub nceeg vaj, nws tshaj tawm Hloderika ntxeev siab, tua nws thiab coj lub zwm txwv nws tus kheej.

Ib tug cov ntaub ntawv nyob qhov twg Clovis lub caij tag nrho nws cov txiv neej, thiab ncuav tawm lawv tus plig, complaining hais tias nws tsis muaj ib tsev neeg uas muaj peev xwm muab nws cov nyiaj them yug. Tag nrho cov cunning lub tswv yim yog kom paub hais tias puas tseem tus huab tais tseem random cov txheeb ze uas nws yuav nrog zoo siab kuj tua.

Kingdom ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis raws li ib tug tshiab rau theem ntawm Fabkis keeb kwm

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub Gothic tsov ua rog, tsev kawm ntawv Clovis ua Paris lub capital ntawm lawv pawg neeg thaj av thiab tsawm muaj. Tam sim ntawd tus huab tais kom cov kev siv ntawm Cathedral ntawm St. Peter thiab St. Paul (tam sim no lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Genevieve). Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv Clovis tuag nyob rau hauv 511, nws yog muaj thiab tau muab nws faus.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 511, ncaj qha nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws tus kheej demise, Clovis pib lub thawj Frankish tsev teev ntuj Cathedral nyob rau hauv New Orleans nrog ib tug saib kom transforming lub Gallic lub Koom Txoos. Nws kuj pab mus rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm "Salic tseeb" - ib tug txheej ntawm cov kev cai francs.

Tom qab tus huab tais tuag nws muaj tau muab faib nws plaub tug tub. Clotilde tib canonized, nws tsiv mus rau Tours thiab siv kom tas nws lub hnub nyob rau hauv lub Basilica ntawm St. Martin.

Yog li, lub keeb kwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis tseem heroic. Txawm tias ib co ntawm cov tsis zoo, tsis kaj siab moments ntawm nws cov hauj lwm. Successful reign ntawm tsev kawm ntawv Clovis launched rau tsim ntawm ib yam ntawm cov tshiaj lub Roman faj tim teb chaws - lub xeev, lub cim ntawm uas yog nrog pab pawg ntawm lub xeev thiab lub tsev teev ntuj, nruab nrab ntawm lub sab nqaij daim tawv lub hwj chim thiab ntawm sab ntsuj plig cai ntawm lub Merovingian Christian diocese.