Club mosses, horsetails, ferns qauv sib txawv. Raws li ib tug neeg siv horsetails, qws mosses thiab ferns?

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns pab pawg neeg tshwm sim tawm lub thawj terrestrial nroj tsuag. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv sawv ntau tshaj 400 lab lub xyoo dhau los, cov nroj tsuag ua haum ntau nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Tus qauv ntawm lub club mosses, horsetails thiab ferns, tshwj xeeb yog lawv metabolic thiab lom tseem ceeb yuav tau sib tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Exit nroj tsuag rau daim av

Muaj yog ib tug kev tshawb xav tias tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag uas muaj arisen nyob rau hauv lub dej ib puag ncig. Tus thawj ntawm lawv yog cov algae. Thaum lub sij hawm, tej yam kev mob tau hloov ho, thiab algae tau txais nyiaj mus dhau ntev lub sij hawm ntawm qhuav. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lawv muab sawv mus rau tus thawj av cov nroj tsuag. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv chav kawm ntawm botany ferns, horsetails, qws mosses (cov chav kawm ntawv 6) yog kho raws li ib txwm rau lub teb chaws.

Ib tug tu noob pab pawg neeg ntawm cov thawj av cov nroj tsuag yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Department Rhyniophyta. Lawv cov uas tsis muaj tua tau stripped ntawm nplooj thiab forked ceg. Es tsis txhob Rhyniophyta cov hauv paus hniav muaj rhizoids nyob rau hauv uas txuas mus rau lub substrate.

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns - ntau dua spore nroj tsuag

Niaj hnub nimno spore nroj tsuag muaj ib tug ntau txoj thiab sophisticated qauv. Club mosses, horsetails, ferns, zoo li tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub taxonomic pab pawg neeg, tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Vim lawv cov tsos, thiab yog tau nkag mus rau thaj av cov nroj tsuag. Ntaub so ntswg tsim kabmob: cov hauv paus hniav thiab sprout. Qhov no yooj yim sib txawv los ntawm lawv cov sab nroj tsuag uas muaj xws li tshwj xeeb hlwb.

Tu tub tu kiv ntawm cov kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev asexual tu tub tu kiv ntawm hlwb - noob. Ib zaug nyob rau cov av, lawv yuav ciaj sia.

Lub tswvyim ntawm lub neej voj voog

Tag nrho cov ntau dua spore nroj tsuag los ib tug complex lub neej voj voog. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm ntawm ob tug zoo tib theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Nws kom cov rooj saab laaj ntawm lub neej ntawm ib tug tej hom. Lub neej voj voog ntawm cov nroj tsuag spore cai alternation ntawm tiam - kev sib deev thiab asexual. lawv tej zaum txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv tsos.

Tsob nroj, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov noob raug tsim, yog asexual tiam. Nws yog predominant nyob rau hauv bryophytes. Nws hlob los ntawm noob neeg kev sib deev tiam - gametophyte. Lub ntsiab sib txawv qws mosses, horsetails thiab ferns yog nws predominance.

Xav txog txhua yam ntawm lub tuam qib siab spore nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

department Lycopsida

Qhov no evergreen herbaceous nroj tsuag uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntub qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lawv yog perennial. Lycopodium tau creeping stems uas forked ceg. Lawv yog mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv me me nplooj.

Hauv paus system tsim ntxiv cov hauv paus hniav radiating ncaj qha los ntawm lub stems. yog plaub ya ri uas yog hloov nplooj Nyob rau hauv lub tua tswv yim. Lawv nyob lub cev ntawm asexual tu tub tu kiv - sporangia.

Avilable horsetails

Niaj hnub nimno hom horsetails kuj yog ib perennial tshuaj ntsuab. Lawv cov yam ntxwv feature yog ib tug ntshiab kev sib cais ntawm cov kev khiav rau cov ntshav uas yog txuas toothed nplooj. Nyob puag, lawv loj hlob ua ke, sib sau ua ib hom ntawm qhov chaw mos. Cov ntshav cov txheej txheem kev kawm ntawv cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb, vim uas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm horsetail intercalated nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Underground rhizome lub cev horsetails yog tseem muab faib los ntawm cov interstices. photosynthesis muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ib tug ribbed kav. Hauv nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm kab noj hniav uas muaj cov dej thiab oxygen.

Sporophyte horsetails yog ib tug ntsuab tua uas zoo xws li me me hluas pines. Ib tug gametophyte tshwm sim nyias thiab muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntsuab phaj. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov hom ntawm no department - horsetail - muaj ob hom ntawm tua. Thawj yog hu ua lub caij nplooj hlav, nws yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus nqa tawm photosynthesis thiab yog fertile spikelets. Lub caij ntuj sov, ntsuab - vegetative.

General cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub fern

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov txawv ntawm horsetail ferns thiab ntxhuab? Cov lus teb no yog cuab kev. Qhov no department yog cov feem ntau heev heev thiab ntau haiv neeg, thiab nws cov niaj hnub cov neeg sawv cev muaj ib tug ntau nyuab qauv tshaj lub horsetails thiab qws mosses. Ntawm cov 10,000 hom nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, tseem muaj tshuaj ntsuab thiab shrubs, thiab cov ntoo.

Group ravnosporovyh fern hais dej lub neej - qhov no Salvinia natans thiab marsilea quadrifolia. Lawv yog cov dawb nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev ntawm cov dej nrog ib tug me me tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lub tropics daim dej fern azolla uas ntaub ntawv symbiosis nrog cyanobacteria, tau nqus atmospheric nitrogen.

Heterosporous ferns loj hlob nyob rau hauv noo thiab nraim forests. Lawv raug cov neeg sawv cev yog Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris txiv neej, poj niam-fern thiab lwm hom.

Nws yog hais txog cov amazing nroj tsuag mus ib lus dab neeg uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lub Ivana Kupala hmo ntuj fern paj yuav tsum muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog ib tug amazing lub txiaj ntsim - kawm kom paub txog cov lus ntawm tag nrho cov nyob quavntsej. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view biology uas yog tsis tau. Dua spore nroj tsuag, nrog rau ferns tsis tsim paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Raws li ib tug neeg siv horsetails, qws mosses thiab ferns

Dua spore nroj tsuag tau ntev nyob ib niche nyob rau hauv qhov thiab tib neeg lub neej. Ferns yog ib feem ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsob nroj zej zog, yog siv los tsim ua hauj lwm thiab décor li lam nroj tsuag. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog cov tsim ntawm nqi minerals - thee.

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tag nrho cov spore twb giant ntoo. Otmiraya lawv yeej nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov pa tsis txaus thiab siab siab hauv av khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg muab rau hauv cov pa roj carbon.

Raws li ib tug neeg siv horsetails, qws mosses thiab ferns, koj yuav tau yooj yim xav txog tej yam li cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov tseem ceeb cov lam nroj tsuag. Piv txwv li, horsetail muaj hemostatic thiab diuretic. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Department Lycopsida - Baranez zoo tib yam - yog siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias rau tshwj kom txhob alcoholism.

Cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau ntev tau siv rau qhov siv thiab ua pyrotechnics. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kws yog kuj siv tau rau cov sibntsib mosses obsypaniya ntsiav tshuaj thiab rau qhov siv thiab ua tus me nyuam hmoov.

Lub ntsiab muaj nqis ntawm lub siab dua spore nroj tsuag tseem dag nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm thee. Qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb mineral deposit tau ntev lawm ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw ntawm lub zog, txij li thaum ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub thaum hlawv. Electric hlauv taws xob nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws raws li nyob rau hauv no raw khoom.

Yog li, qws mosses, horsetails, ferns yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm ntau dua spore nroj tsuag, uas yog lug sawv cev cov zaub mov thiab ancient hom. Lawv yog cov xub thawj tuaj mus rau lub teb chaws, uas yog tau ua tsaug rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ntau tshaj nta ntawm cov qauv: ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob.