Condenser. Lub zog ntawm cov them capacitor

Txij thaum pib ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm hluav taws xob los daws kom tau cov nqe lus nug ntawm nws tsub zuj zuj thiab preservation nws yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1745 Ewald Jurgen von Kleist thiab Pieter van Musschenbroek. Tsim nyob rau hauv Dutch Leiden ntaus ntawv tso cai rau noog hluav taws xob lub zog thiab siv nws thaum tsim nyog.

Leyden thawv - ib tsab capacitor. Nws siv nyob rau hauv lub cev thwmsim nce txoj kev tshawb no ntawm hluav taws xob yog ua ntej tau los mus tsim ib tsab ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug capacitor

Sau cov hluav taws xob xwb thiab hluav taws xob - lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov capacitor. Feem ntau, ib tug system ntawm ob insulated conductors txheej txheem raws li ze li sai tau mus rau txhua lwm yam. Qhov chaw ntawm conductors yog lawm ua tus sau nrog ib tug dielectric. Sau xwb rau xaiv conductors heteronymic. Cov cuab yeej yog opposite nqi nyiam txhawb ntau dua nws txuam nrog. Lub dielectric yog muab ib tug dual lub luag hauj lwm: ntau dua qhov lub dielectric tsis tu ncua, ntau dua qhov lub hluav taws xob capacitance, nqi yuav kov tsis yeej barrier thiab neutralized.

Electric muaj peev xwm - qhov yooj yim lub cev kom muaj nuj nqis characterizing lub sij hawm los mus noog ib tug saib xyuas ntawm lub capacitor. Ntawm cov paib hu ua hluav taws xob field tsom capacitor therebetween.

Zog them capacitor, nws zoo nkaus li nyob ntawm seb lub peev xwm.

hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm

Zog tej zaum yuav ua rau nws tau mus thov (ib tug loj hluav taws xob capacitance) ntawm lub capacitor. Lub zog ntawm cov them capacitor yog siv coj los thov luv luv tam sim no muaj mem tes, yog hais tias tsim nyog.

Nyob rau dab tsi tseem ceeb nyob ntawm seb hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm? Cov txheej txheem yuav pib nrog lub teeb uas them capacitor txuas nws electrodes rau tug ntawm ib tug tam sim no qhov twg los. Noog nyob rau hauv ib tug phaj xwb (tus nqi uas q) yog coj raws li tus nqi ntawm lub capacitor. Cov hluav taws xob field yog lub nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub electrodes muaj ib tug tej zaum txawv U.

Hluav taws xob cov capacitance (C) nyob rau hauv lub kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm hluav taws xob uas yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg xyuas pib thiab lub teb voltage: C = q / U.

Qhov no tus nqi yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv F (farads).

Lub peev xwm ntawm cov tag nrho lub ntiaj teb yuav piv tsis tau nrog cov capacitance ntawm lub capacitor, uas nws muaj nuj nqis yog kwv yees li lub phau ntawv. Sau haib xwb yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov kos duab.

Txawm li cas los, rau txuag ib tug xov tooj unlimited kev hluav taws xob rau cov phiaj yog tsis tau. Thaum lub voltage tsub kom mus rau ib tug nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm capacitor neej puas yuav tshwm sim. Daim Hlau yog neutralized, uas yuav ua tau kom puas tsuaj ntawm tus dais. Lub zog ntawm ib tug them capacitor nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nkaus nyob rau hauv nws thaum tshav kub kub.

Tus nqi ntawm lub zog

Cua sov ntawm lub capacitor yog vim hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm hluav taws xob field zog mus rau hauv lub sab hauv. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitor ua tus ua hauj lwm rau lub zog ntawm tus nqi qhia lub xub ntiag ntawm ib txaus ntawm hluav taws xob. Yuav kom txiav txim loj npaum li cas rau lub zog ntawm ib tug them capacitor, xav txog tus txheej txheem ntawm detente. Cov hluav taws xob field voltage U q xwb kom muaj nuj nqis ntws los ntawm ib tug phaj mus rau lwm lub. Los ntawm txhais, ib lub lag luam teb yog sib npaug zos rau cov khoom ntawm lub peev xwm sib txawv nyob hauv them nyiaj kom muaj nuj nqis: A = qU. Qhov no piv yog siv tau tsuas yog rau ib qhov voltage nqi, tiam sis nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem rau ntxub cov capacitor daim hlau yog ib tug gradual txo nyob rau hauv nws cov zero. Kom tsis txhob discrepancies, peb coj nws nruab nrab rau U / 2.

Hluav taws xob cov muaj peev xwm los ntawm lub mis muaj: q = Cu.

Li no, lub zog ntawm ib tug them capacitor yuav txiav txim raws li cov mis:

W = Cu ^2/2.

Peb pom hais tias nws cov magnitude yog ntau dua ntau dua qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm thiab voltage. Yuav kom teb tau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi lub zog ntawm ib tug them capacitor, tig mus rau lawv hom.

hom capacitors

Vim hais tias lub zog ntawm lub electric teb feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub capacitor yog ncaj qha txog nws capacitance thiab capacitor lag luam nyob rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv yam ntxwv, siv ntau hom drives.

1. Tus duab ntawm cov phiaj: tiaj tus, cylindrical, kheej kheej, thiab lwm yam ...
2. Los ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv capacitance: qhov (lub peev xwm yog tsis tau hloov), cov tsiaj ntawv (modifying lub zog, hloov peev xwm), Trimmers. Capacitance hloov tej zaum yuav nqa tawm los ntawm kev pauv qhov kub thiab txias, neeg kho tshuab los yog hluav taws xob voltage. Hluav taws xob cov capacitance ntawm lub tuning capacitor daim hlau hloov qhov kev hloov cheeb tsam.
3. Raws li cov dielectric hom: gas, kua, khoom dielectric.
4. Raws li cov dielectric mean: iav, daim ntawv, mica, metallized, tej hub, nyias-films ntawm ntau yam compositions.

Nyob ntawm seb lub hom hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam capacitors. Lub zog ntawm cov them capacitor nyob rau hauv lub dielectric zog. Lub ntsiab kom muaj nuj nqis hu ua permittivity. Hluav taws xob cov capacitance yog ncaj qha proportional rau nws.

phaj capacitor

Cia peb xav txog ib tug yooj yim ntaus ntawv rau sau hluav taws xob xwb - ib tug ca condenser. Qhov no yog ib lub cev system muaj ob thaum uas tig mus paib ntawm uas tus dielectric txheej.

Daim ntawv daim hlau tej zaum yuav rectangular, thiab yeej. Yog hais tias koj yuav tsum tau txais ib tug kuj sib txawv thiab muaj peev xwm, lub phaj yog feem ntau them rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib nrab-disks. Kev sib hloov ntawm ib tug electrode txheeb ze mus rau lwm lub ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov phiaj.

Peb xav hais tias cov cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub phaj yog S, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov phiaj coj sib npaug zos d, permittivity muab tub lim - ε. Electric peev xwm ntawm lub system nyob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub geometry ntawm lub capacitor.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

Lub zog ntawm lub tiaj capacitor

Peb pom hais tias cov capacitance yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm ib lub phaj thiab inversely xwm yeem mus rau qhov kev ncua deb therebetween. Lub coefficient ntawm proportionality - fais qhov ε _0. Ua lub dielectric qhov ntawm lub dielectric yuav ua rau kom qhov hluav taws xob capacitance. Txo cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov phiaj muab ib tug trimmer capacitors. Electric teb zog them capacitor nyob ntawm nws geometrical tsis.

Peb siv ib lub xam mis: W = Cu ^2/2.

Kev Txiav Txim zog them capacitor planar zoo yog nqa tawm raws li cov mis:

W = εε ₀ SU ² / (2d).

Kev siv cov capacitors

Lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitors maj sau cov hluav taws xob xwb sai sai kom txaus muab nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm technology.

Tiabsis cov nrog inductors muaj peev xwm tsim resonant circuits, ntxaij lim dej rau tam sim no tawm tswv yim Circuit Court.

Planning ahead is, stun, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog suab instantaneous paug muaj peev xwm capacitor yog siv los tsim ib tug muaj zog mem tes tam sim no. capacitor them yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov tam sim no qhov twg los. Nws tus kheej uas ua li ib tug capacitor caij, lov rau hauv Circuit Court. nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab los ntawm lub teeb lub paug yog me me ohmic kuj yuav luag instantly. Lub electroshock no yog tib neeg lub cev.

Capacitor los yog roj teeb

Muaj peev xwm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm mus kom cov cia xwb muab ib lub sijhawm zoo rau siv raws li ib tug cia xov xwm los yog lub zog cia. Nyob rau hauv xov tooj cua, cov cuab yeej no yog dav siv.

Hloov cov roj teeb, Tu siab, lub capacitor yog tsis muaj peev xwm, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug feature ntawm tawm. Sau lawv lub zog tsis pub tshaj ib tug ob peb puas joules. Lub roj teeb yuav cia loj mov ntawm hluav taws xob hwj chim rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab nrog zoo tsis muaj poob.