Corrosion ntawm co - tus txheej txheem ntawm lawv kev puas tsuaj

Corrosion yog txhais los ntawm Latin raws li "corrosive". Yog li ntawd yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tej khoom (ntoo, tej hub, polymer, hlau) raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kis rau lub cheeb tsam, seb av, huab cua, dej (hiav txwv, dej, hav iav, lub pas dej, underground) los yog lwm yam xov xwm. Nrog hais txog co sij hawm xeb hlau xyoo ib generalized sij hawm "xeb". Piv txwv li, thaum cov pa ntawm cov hlau xeb nyob rau hauv dej ntaub ntawv ferric hydroxide hydrated - zoo tib yam xeb.

Corrosion ntawm co ua kom loj losses - rau Russia yog ib tug txhua xyoo tsis tsheej lab ntawm tons ntawm precious hlau. Ntau tshaj 10% ntawm txhua xyoo ntau lawm ntawm cov hlau hlab ua unusable vim corrosion. Vim li no, faus nyob rau hauv lub hauv av hlau Siv ntawm ntau yam lug, cia tso tsheb hlau luam rau roj thiab lwm yam minerals yog unsuitable rau 3-4 xyoos, yog hais tias lawv yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov ravages ntawm av-av corrosion. Corrode hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas lus cables, hauv qab ntawm pas dej vaj tse, tsheb lub cev thiab lwm yam tsheb.

Av thiab cov av xeb hlau - electrochemical txheej txheem uas nyob rau yam tseem ceeb xws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, lawv ya raws thiab cua permeability, hlau hom, nws uniformity, qhov xwm ntawm tus nto ntawm hlau tej khoom.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no (dej, huab cua, thiab lwm yam xov xwm), koj yuav tsum paub yog vim li cas, uas muaj peev xwm muab tau los ntawm hlau corrosion. Yog xav tau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm xeb ua si ntawm av yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv hlau lug ntawm xeb, nqa tawm kev teb thiab kuaj kev tshawb fawb ntawm xau.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau los ntawm xeb yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev:

1. sawv mus constructional ntaub ntawv tshuaj kuj (corrosion resistant alloys kev taw qhia mus rau lub hlwb los yog, conversely, tshem tawm ntawm impurities ntawm hlau xeb accelerating);

2. cais cov hlau nto los nres los ntawm txhoj puab heev xov xwm (cov xim tsev thiab varnishes rau txheej hlau, insulating films, Electroplating) ;

3. Cov electrochemical tiv thaiv - nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib tug sab nraud tam sim no superimposed nyob rau hlau qauv;

4. txo Aggressiveness ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm xeb inhibitors (arsenates, chromates, nitrites), deoxygenation los yog neutralization nruab nrab.

Cov kev raug muab faib ua 2 pab pawg. Thawj ob txoj kev yog ua ua ntej yuav siv ntawm cov hlau cov khoom nyob rau theem ntawm tsim los siv thiab ua, thiab ua ib qho txawv nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yuav tsum tau tsis yooj yim sua. Tus lwm yam ob txoj kev yog nqa tawm tsuas yog nyob hauv lub lag luam los ntawm cov hlau thiab koj yuav hloov tau qhov kev tiv thaiv hom nyob rau qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tiag tiag ib puag ncig.

Lo lus nug no, raws li cov hlau xeb tiv thaiv, thiab yog tam sim no tseem ceeb, yuav tsum tau ib tug kev mus kom ze rau kev nrhiav niaj hnub tsim kev daws teeb meem, kev txhim kho hauv lub qub sim thiab mus soj ntsuam txoj kev thiab kev tiv thaiv cov khoom.