Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19

Sawv daws yeej paub hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo, Russia pib poob qab nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv kev loj hlob ntawm teb chaws Europe. Tab sis cov no twb offset los ntawm sai nce backlog kev cai kheej. Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 qhia lub teb chaws yog leej twg. Nws yog heev tau pab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog nrog Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1812.

Lavxias teb sab xeev muaj tej mob shortage ntawm cov kev txawj ntse, zoo-npawv neeg. Nrog lub advent ntawm capitalism nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov teeb meem no tau ua ntau ceev, nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug impetus mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai. Heev feem ntau tsoom fwv yog yuav mus nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm loj hlob kev lag luam. Advanced tswv yim ntawm sau ntawv, publicists, ua yeeb twb tsis npaum li cas tiag los ntawm lub emperors-conservatives. Qhov teeb meem no yog hloov sai heev thiab sai sai no los ua nazovat xyoo pua puv 19 "Golden muaj hnub nyoog." Ib tug ua yeeb yam, cov ntaub ntawv thiab suab paj nruag ntawm Russia los ua lug paub Western cov neeg tuaj saib.

Artistic kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv tus ntawm classical tswv yim tshuav ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm masterpieces. Paintings cov artist wrote nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv biblical ntxhais. Nws yog feem ntau kuj muaj nyob mythological scenes los yog portraits. Peb kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 muab cov keeb kwm ntawm ob mas portraitists - Oresta Kiprenskogo thiab Vasily Tropinin. Nws yog lawv leej twg, los ntawm txoj kev, tshuav peb ib co amazing precision neej portraits ntawm AS Pushkin. Lwm zoo-paub artist ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 - Karl Bryullov. Nyob rau hauv 1803 nws tau mus xyuas lub excavations ntawm lub ancient nroog ntawm Pompeii, uas twb puas lawm los ntawm ib tug volcanic uas. Bryullov pleev xim rau ib daim duab hu ua "Lub Kawg ntawm Pompeii," uas ua rau nws zoo paub thoob plaws teb chaws Europe. Ib me ntsis tom qab, thiab nws los ua nto moo neeg pleev kob Alexander Ivanov. Hais txog 20 lub xyoos ntawm nws lub neej nws mob siab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub painting "Lub Tsos ntawm Yexus rau cov neeg."

Nws twb hloov nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo thiab cov ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau theem koj yuav saib tau npaum li cas rau staging ntawm txawv teb chaws sau phau ntawv xws li Schiller los yog Shakespeare, thiab domestic. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nrog cov pej xeem nyiam NV Puppeteer. Nws tau raug sau ntawv sib txawv keeb kwm ua. Tom qab lawv, cov neeg tuaj saib nyiam satirical comedy Krylov thiab Fonvizin. Rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 ua yeeb yam heev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tom qab kev tso cai ntawm Nicholas kuv ntawm lub scene coj ib tug loj premiere ntawm "Lub soj ntsuam General" (sau N. V. Gogol). Qhov tiag txhob yuav hu ua Glinka lub opera "Lub neej ntawm tus huab tais."

Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 yog zoo tshaj plaws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Classicism yog maj hloov los ntawm sentimentality, thiab ces Romanticism. Romanticism los ua muab faib mus rau hauv hnyav thiab conservative. Ntsiab nuj nqis ntawm qhov tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv: Kiichelbecker Rileyev Davydov, Bestuzhev-Marly, Baratynsky, Zhukovsky. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov poj Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv Lermontov, Pushkin, Gogol tej zaum sau lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Romantic kev lig kev cai. Tom ntej no, ib tug tshiab theem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - realism. Xam tias yog yuav tsum tau tus founder ntawm Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm nws cov "Evgeniya Onegina", nws yog suav tias yog hom tshaj cov ntaub ntawv. "Tus tauj ncov loj ntxhais", "Boris Godunov", "Lub Bronze Horseman" - lub feem ntau nrov tiag tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin. Qhov tiag cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub "Golden muaj hnub nyoog" yuav tsum tau hu ua "Woe los ntawm wit" Griboyedov, "tuag Souls" los ntawm Gogol thiab "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" Lermontov. Cov hauj lwm ntawm kuj zoo kawg sau ntawv thiab paj huam, xws li Nekrasov N. A. Turgenev I. S., Dostoevsky FM, Tolstoy L. N. yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob yog ib feem ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, txij thaum ntawd los pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm symbolism, yog ib lub feem ntau cov tawm tiam sis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

European kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 kuj tej lub sij hawm no ntawm kev hloov. Lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm txoj cai. Tab sis lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yog dramatically sib txawv ntawm cov domestic. Imperialism cov teb chaws Europe dictating lawv xav tau. Thaum lub sij hawm no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau slowed, tiam sis tau pib ib tug tshiab era ntawm European philosophy.