Cruise missile "Tomahawk": keeb kwm, piav qhia, cov yam ntxwv

Tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog nyob rau hauv lub Western Fleet tau tsim ib tug heev yooj yim teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, ib tug xov tooj ntawm lawv muaj tsis muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam - peb muaj teeb meem nrog rau lawv cov zoo muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, peb lub teb chaws muaj nyob ships nrog ib tug haib missile riam phom, whereas muaj tsis muaj xws ze thiab cov Western powers. Lub hauv paus ntawm lawv fleet yog lub ships, ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog cov laus artillery systems thiab torpedoes.

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nws ntsia txaus ntshai anachronism. Lub tsuas kos yog lub cruiser (qhov chiv keeb ntawm peb aircraft carrier) "Long Beach" thiab cov nuclear aircraft carrier "Enterprise". Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 60s pib feverish ua hauj lwm rau lub creation cov tshuaj tswj cruise missiles, uas tau dramatically txhim kho lub sib ntaus sib tua muaj peev xwm ntawm cov fleets. Yog li yug lub winged foob pob ua ntxaij "Tomahawk".

Tus thawj thwmsim

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no coj tau ua ua ntej ntawd lub sij hawm, yog li ntawd cov thawj kuaj tuaj sai sai txaus, raug raws li nyob rau hauv kuj qub designs. Tus heev ua ntej ib tug yog tus missile caliber 55 inches rau siv nrog launchers zoo li "Polaris", uas twb assumed mus so num lawm. Nws twb assumed tias nws yuav tsum tau ya rau 3,000 mais. Kev siv ntawm obsolete launchers pub ua "me ntsis ntshav" thaum retrofitting ntawm qub ships.

Qhov thib ob embodiment tau ua ntau petite 21 nti caliber foob pob ua ntxaij npaj khiav los ntawm torpedo submarines. Nws twb assumed tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv lub chav yuav tsum tau hais txog 1,500 mais. Cias muab, lub cruise missile (US) "Tomahawk" yuav los ua tus muaj zog tshaj card uas yuav cia blackmail lub Soviet fleet. Nws yuav muaj cov Americans mus cuag lawv lub hom phiaj? Cia peb kawm saib.

contest winners

Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1972 (lub zoo kawg li ceev, los ntawm txoj kev) twb tau xaiv qhov kawg version ntawm cov launcher nyob rau hauv lub tshiab cruise cuaj luaj. Ces nws raug thaum kawg pom zoo kev rau lawv kom hiav txwv rau peb xyaum?. Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, lub xeev commission twb xaiv ob tug ntawm cov feem ntau pheej sib tw mus noj ib feem nyob rau hauv tag nrho-scale raug kev sim siab. Tus thawj thov kev pab yog ib tug zoo-paub ntau lawm lub tuam txhab General Dynamics.

Nws yog ib tug qauv UBGM-109A. Qhov thib ob qauv twb tso tawm ib tug me ntsis-paub (thiab lobbied phem) lub tuam txhab LTV: foob pob ua ntxaij UBGM-110A. Nyob rau hauv 1976 lawv pib mus ntsuam xyuas los ntawm khiav qauv khiav ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov submarine. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tsis muaj ntawm cov ntau dua ibyam, thiab ua tsis muaj daim card uas lub winners twb pom tau hais tias nyob rau hauv absentia 109A qauv.

tshiab cov tswv yim

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub peb hlis ntuj, lub State Commission txiav txim siab tias nws yog tus US cruise missile "Tomahawk" yuav tau ua lub ntsiab gauge ntawm US nto ships. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, ua tus thawj community launch txog qhov chiv keeb on board lub USS. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj ntawm no muaj kev vam meej sib ntaus kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub missile nkoj version dhau hauv tib lub xyoo. Nws yog ib tug zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub keeb kwm tag nrho ntawm lub fleet, raws li nws yog tus thawj community launch los ntawm ib tug submarine. Nyob rau tom ntej no peb xyoo tshiab riam phom ntau heev kawm thiab soj ntsuam, ua txog ib puas sau.

Nyob rau hauv 1983, lub Pentagon tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug tshiab cruise missile "Tomahawk" yog siab mus kuaj thiab npaj txhij rau lub caij pib ntawm series ntau lawm. Thaum tib lub sij hawm peb twb nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias domestic uas nyob rau hauv uas zoo sib xws teb. Peb xav hais tias koj yuav mas yuav tau paub txog tus kwv tij kawm ntawv ntawm domestic khoom thiab riam phom tej zaum yeeb ncuab ntawm tus mob khaub thuas ua tsov ua rog. Yog li, cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk" thiab "Calibre" kev sib piv.

Piv nrog rau cov "Calibre"

• Hull ntev tsis muaj pib tsuj roj ( "Tomahawk" / "Tag Huv Tibsi") - 5.56 / 7.2 m.
• Qhov ntev los ntawm cov pib amplifier - 6.25 / 8.1 m.
• Wingspan - 2.67 / 3.3 m.
• Nyhav ntawm qhov uas tsis yog-nuclear warheads - 450 kg (US / RF).
• Nuclear fais fab embodiment - 150 / 100-200 kt.
• Davhlau ceev cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk" - 0.7 M.
• Tus nqi ntawm "Calibre" - 0.7 M.

Tab sis koj muaj peev xwm tsis nqa tawm ib qho unambiguous kev sib piv ntawm lub davhlau ntau yam. Qhov tseeb hais tias armed US Army yog ob qho tib si tshiab thiab qub kev hloov kho cuaj luaj. Laus nruab tsuas muaj ib nuclear warhead thiab yuav ya mus txog 2.6 txhiab. Km. Tshiab Xyooj pa warheads, ntau yam cruise, "Tomahawk" cuaj luaj yog mus txog 1.6 txhiab. Km. Domestic "gauges" yuav nqa ob hom toppings, ntau yog 2.5 / 1.5 th. Km feem. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov ntsuas no caj npab specifications suab tsis txawv.

Qhov no yog dab tsi yus cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk" thiab "Calibre". Piv lawv qhia tau hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob hom riam phom nyob ib ncig ntawm tib yam. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ceev. Americans tau yeej ib txwm hais tias hais tias qhov no daim duab nyob rau hauv lawv cov rockets dua. Tab sis tsis ntev los no Modernization ntawm lub "Calibre" tsis ya qeeb qeeb.

Basic specifications

Tus tshiab tshem me me ntawm riam phom nqa rau ib lub dav hlau monoplane tswvyim. Housing cylindrical Fairing ogival zoo. Cov tis muaj peev xwm yuav daim ntau quav tso thiab yog recessed nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb compartment, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij, nyob qab tus ntoo khaub lig stabilizer. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm ntau yam embodiments ntawm lub vaj tse yog txhuas alloys, epoxy cob thiab carbon fiber. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj feem tsawg tsawg flow kuj vim hais tias cov ceev "Tomahawk" cruise missile yog heev. Tej "roughness" thaum xws yam ntxwv yog txaus ntshai vim hais tias lub tsev yuav tsuas poob mus txav.

Yuav kom maximally txo lub visibility ntawm lub ntaus ntawv rau locators rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm lub vaj tse mus thov ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk" (duab uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog ho zoo dua li cov kev sib tw. Txawm tias cov kws txawj pom zoo hais tias lub prevailing luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv stealth radar belongs rau lub davhlau txawv, nyob rau hauv uas lub missile yoov ntau li ntau tau siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub roob hav, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov siab.

Cov yam ntxwv warhead

Lub ntsiab "highlight" ntawm lub missile yog lub W-80 warhead. Nws luj yog 123 kilograms, ntev - ib 'meter', txoj kab uas hla 30 cm ntau hwj chim undermining -. 200 kt. Lub tawg tshwm sim tom qab sib chwv nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub fuse. Thaum uas siv cov nuclear txoj kab uas hla munition kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug densely populated cheeb tsam yuav ua tau mus rau peb kis lus mev.

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws feature uas distinguishes ib lub cruise missile "Tomahawk" yog lub siab heev taw cov neeg, vim uas lub mos txwv yog muaj peev xwm sawv los tsoo me me-sized thiab Maneuvering lub hom phaj. Qhov ntau yam ntawm no yog los ntawm 0.85 mus 1.0 (nyob ntawm seb lub txiag thiab lub starting qhov chaw). Cias muab, cov neeg ntawm lub "Tomahawk" cruise missile yog heev. Tsis-nuclear warhead muaj ib tug tej yam armor-tho txiav txim tej zaum yuav muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg rau 166 bom me me caliber. Tus luj ntawm txhua xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog 1.5 kg, lawv yog cov tag nrho nyob rau hauv 24 cords.

Control systems thiab targeting

High precision targeting yog muab los ntawm lub neej coj kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ob peb telemetry systems:

• Qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv - inertia.
• Rau nram qab no qhov nkhaus ntawm tus struts teb TERCOM system.
• Service electro-kho qhov muag DSMAC losis tswvyim dabtsi tso cai exceptional precision strike missile ya ncaj nraim rau lub hom phiaj.

Paub meej ntawm cov tswj circuits

Qhov yooj yim system yog inertia. Nyhav ntawm cov khoom yog 11 kilograms, nws ua hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thawj thiab theem ntawm lub davhlau. Nws muaj xws li: on-board computer, ib tug inertial platform thiab yooj yim haum altimeter, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug txhim khu kev qha barometer. Peb gyro txiav txim sib txawv muaj nuj nqis missile lub cev los ntawm ib tug predetermined kawm thiab peb accelerometers, los ntawm txoj kev uas nyob rau-board electronics meej no acceleration ntawm accelerations. Nyob ib leeg, qhov no system tso cai rau koj mus kho tus nqi ntawm kwv yees li 800 meters ib teev ntawm lub davhlau.

Qhov twg txhim khu kev qha thiab yog DSMAC, uas muaj lub siab heev tshaj plaws version ntawm cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk BGM 109 A». Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias rau lub lag luam ntawm cov khoom no nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau pre-loaded nrog ib tug digitized daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub chaw uas yuav ya Tomahawk. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus teem ib lub losis tswvyim dabtsi tsis tau tsuas yog los saib, tab sis kuj mus rau lub struts. Qhov no tswvyim, incidentally, siv tsis tau tsuas yog cov US cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk", tab sis kuj domestic "Granite".

Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab cov nroj tsuag pib

Nyob rau ships rau cia thiab pav tua ya riam phom ntawm no hom yuav siv tau raws li kev torpedo thiab tshwj xeeb pib ntsug ncej (raws li regards submarine). Raws li rau qhov chaw ships, ces lawv yog mounted thawv launchers. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub nkoj cruise missile "Tomahawk", peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yog cia nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb steel capsule raug "conserved" nyob rau hauv ib tug kub siab nitrogen txheej.

Cia nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob xwb tsis yuav pab tau kom cov lag luam hauv lub ntaus ntawv rau cia li 30 lub hlis, tab sis kuj yuav muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ib txwm torpedo ncej tsis muaj kev hloov kho tseeb tsim.

Nta hwj chim ntaus ntawv

Nyob rau American submarines nws muaj plaub txheem torpedo hlab. Lawv nyob ob rau txhua sab. Lub kaum - 10-12 degrees, uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kev ua tau torpedo ntau nrog ib tug tshaj plaws qhov tob. Qhov tseeb yuav txo tau Qhov uas yam. Yeeb Nkab txhua unit muaj peb seem. Raws li nyob rau hauv domestic torpedo mines, US cuaj luaj nyob rau cov nyiaj them yug chais thiab ntawm cov. Shooting yog chiv nyob rau hauv lub qhib los yog kaw ntawm lub hau unit, uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua "tua" thaum lub torpedo pob tawg lawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau submarine.

Nyob rau nraum qab ntawm lub torpedo muaj ib tug saib lub qhov rais los ntawm kev uas koj muaj peev xwm saib xyuas lub txhaws ntawm nws cov kab noj hniav thiab lub xeev machinery, siab gauge. Muaj kuj txuas cov lus xaus ntawm lub nkoj electronics, uas tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm qhib lub ntaus ntawv npog, lawv kaw thiab tam sim ntawd pib-up txheej txheem. Cruise missile "Tomahawk" (nws tus yam ntxwv koj muaj peev xwm nyeem nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm cov mine vim lub lag luam los ntawm cov hydraulic actuators. Ib lub tog raj kheej yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv txhua txhua ob rau txhua sab, nws ua hauj lwm raws li nram no:

• Ua ntej, tus system yog noj ib tug tej yam ntim ntawm compressed cua, uas ua ib txhij rau lub pas nrig ntawm cov hydraulic lub tog raj kheej.
• Vim rau qhov no, nws pib mus muab dej nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav torpedo.
• Txij li thaum lawv sai sai sau nrog dej, los ntawm lub rear seem, nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav yog pa, txaus ncaws foob pob ua ntxaij los yog ib tug torpedo.
• Tag nrho cov qauv yog ua kom ib txhij nrog txhaj tshuaj tank yuav tsum txuas nrog rau tsuas yog ib qho ntaus ntawv (uas yog, ob rau ob sab). Qhov no tiv thaiv tsis niaj hnub filling ntawm torpedo mines kab noj hniav.

Raws li peb tau hais tias, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw ships siv mas pov tseg community launch qhwv. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub rooj, muaj yog expelling hmoov xwb, uas tso cai rau ib co nce davhlau ntau cruise missile "Tomahawk" los ntawm txuag nws lub neej Sustainer engine.

Management firing txheej txheem

Rau nqa tawm tag nrho cov kev npaj cov kauj ruam thiab, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, pib-up, yog lub luag hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog sawv rau lub luag hauj tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj hluav taws tswj system (aka CMS). Nws Cheebtsam yog muab tso rau hauv lub torpedo chav tsev thiab rau ntawm tus choj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muab qhov kev txiav txim siab los pib ua hauj lwm tsuas yog los ntawm ib qho chaw. Muaj kuj tshwm sim redundant pab kiag li lawm, uas qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij thiab nws cov kev npaj rau real-time community launch.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm lub American naval sib txuas. Lawv siv txoj cia system kev kho me ntsis thiab kev koom ua ke. Cias muab, ib tug ob peb submarines thiab nto ships, uas yog armed nrog cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk", qhov kev kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, tej zaum yuav ua raws li ib tug ib "kab" thiab tso cuaj luaj nyob rau tib lub hom phaj yuav luag txhij. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub high school yuav tsoo txawm nkoj los sis overland yeeb ncuab pab pawg neeg nrog ib tug haib thiab fawm kib kws muaj txuj ci yuav luag yeej yuav raug puas tsuaj.

Pib ib lub cruise missile

Tom qab tau txais daim ntawv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab los pib preflight npaj pib, uas yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 20 feeb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub siab nyob rau hauv lub torpedo raj yog muab piv nrog uas nyob rau lub qhov tob immersion tso cuaj luaj tsis muaj hindrance.

Los ntawm kev nkag mus kawm tag nrho cov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv mus nqa tawm firing. Thaum lub teeb liab yog tau txais, hydraulic pushes missile tawm ntawm cov mine. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm nws ib txwm mus hauv qab no txog 50 degrees lub kaum ntse ntse, uas yog tiav raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov stabilization systems. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd pib dua Pyrocartridges fairings yog qhia tawm tis thiab stabilizers, boosters muaj.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lub missile muaj lub sij hawm ya mus rau ib tug qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm kwv yees li 600 m nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm lub davhlau txoj kev tsis pub tshaj rau qhov siab ntawm 60 meters, thiab cov kev ceev -. Nce mus txog 885 km / h. Ua ntej, kev taw qhia thiab pauv tus nqi hloov muab inertial system.

Cov kho kom zoo dua

Niaj hnub no Americans yog ua hauj lwm lub sij hawm los ua kom lub davhlau ntau ib zaug rau peb los yog plaub txhiab kilometers. Achieve tej cim no yog npaj los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov tshiab xyaw, roj a, thiab txo qhov loj ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij nws tus kheej. Twb ua kev tshawb fawb rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon fiber tam yas, uas yog heev muaj zog thiab lub teeb, tab sis nws yog pheej yig txaus li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau khiav nyob rau hauv loj ntau lawm.

Ob, nws npaj rau kev mus ho txhim kho cov neeg ntawm hom phiaj. Yuav kom ua tau qhov no yuav tsum vim rau qhov kev siv ntawm tus tsim ntawm tus tshiab foob pob ua ntxaij units lub luag hauj lwm rau leej satellite tso.

Peb, cov Americans yuav tsis nco ua rau kom cov qhov tob khiav 60 meters rau (yam tsawg kawg) ntawm 90-120 meters. Yog hais tias lawv kawm tau ntawv zoo, qhov tseeb uas pib-up "Tomahawk" yuav ua txawm ntau nyuaj mus ntes. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias domestic designers yog tam sim no ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv yuav luag tib yam kev pab raws qib, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau peb "Granite". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev txo lub radar kos npe cuaj luaj thiab countermeasures tiv thaiv.

Rau lub hom phiaj no, nws yog npaj rau siv ib tug ntau haib computer systems mus ua hauj lwm zoo nrog nws cov suab nrov hluav kiag li lawm. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov no yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub complex, raws li zoo raws li cov kev ceev yuav tau nce, lub "Tomahawk" yuav zoo dhau los ntawm ntau echelon cua kws muaj txuj ci.

Cim sijhawm KR niaj hnub American ntau lawm yog tau ntawm lawv cov kev siv raws li ib tug UAV: lub foob pob ua ntxaij yuav ya txog qhov npaj lub hom phiaj ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 3.5 teev, uas lub sij hawm nws hau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub chaw tswj.

kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tshiab cuaj luaj tau lug siv thaum lub sij hawm lub infamous "lag luam suab puam Cua daj", uas yog chiv nyob rau hauv 1991 thiab yog hais tawm tsam tsoom fwv ntawm Iraq. Nyob rau submarines thiab ships ntawm saum toj no-dej fleet Americans launched 288 "Tomahawk". Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tsawg kawg yog 85% ntawm lawv muaj tiav lub teev cov hom phiaj. Thaum lub sij hawm heev heev armed tsis sib haum, uas lub tebchaws United States los ntawm 1991 mus rau lub sij hawm tam sim lawv tau siv tau tsawg kawg yog 2,000 cruise cuaj luaj ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsuas yog siv uas tsis yog-nuclear munitions.