Dyslalia nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab cov hau kev rau nws cov tshem tawm. Ua, cov tsos mob, kev kho mob dyslalia cov me nyuam

Kev ua txhaum zvukoproiznosheniya hu ua dyslalia. Ib tug me nyuam yuav rearrange lub suab nyob rau hauv lub suab, hloov lawv rau lwm leej lwm tus. Cov me nyuam feem ntau ua hloov li hais tias nws yog ntau yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau hais lus. Dyslalia nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab nws txoj kev ntawm kev tshem tawm yog txiav txim los ntawm ib tug hais lus kws kho mob. Qhov no tus kws yuav tsim kom muaj ib qho tseeb paub thiab los tsim tactics kho qhov teeb meem no.

Ua rau dyslalia

Kev ua txhaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas muaj kev teeb meem ntawm lub suab apparatus: lub puab tsaig, tus nplaig, daim di ncauj, cov hniav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb hais txog ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab dyslalia. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm loj hlob, lub suab apparatus thiaj paub tias yog nrog "tej dyslalia".

Organic ntshawv siab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas:

- luv luv frenulum ntawm tus nplaig thiab lub Upper di ncauj;

- excessively tuab daim di ncauj;

- ntuj qauv tsis xws luag (tej zaum nws yuav siab dhau heev lawm los yog tsis tshua muaj);

- loj heev los yog, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, me me lus;

- malocclusion;

- tsaug zog lub Upper di ncauj.

Yog vim li cas dyslalia nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam tej zaum yuav txuam nrog cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm tus hais lus apparatus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ua txhaum cai zvukoproiznosheniya tshwm sim vim hais tias:

- imitation ntawm lwm tus neeg yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm mus hais;

- pedagogical kev tsis saib xyuas;

- tsis yog hais lus kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg;

- tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom koj lub qhov ncauj nyob rau hauv txoj cai txoj hauj lwm;

- underdevelopment ntawm suab lub rooj sib hais;

- lus ceev zaus los ntawm ib tug zog mus rau lwm lub.

Tau ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev ua txhaum

Yuav kom to taub li cas tus kab mob manifests nws tus kheej, nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog dab tsi yog nws cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem suab dyslalia yuav ua tau yooj yim los yog txoj. Nws nyiaj thiab lub sij ib tug hais lus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, tus me nyuam yuav tsis tso mus txog rau 5 lub suab. Thaum complex daim ntawv dyslalia lawv yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj 5. Ib tug hais lus therapist yuav qhia rau koj yuav ua li cas cov niam cov txiv, yog tias twb pom dyslalia cov me nyuam. Thiab txoj kev yuav txhim kho tau nws, thiab txiav txim kev kho mob mus kom ze yuav tsum tau sib tham twb nyob rau hauv thawj lub rooj sib tham.

Nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm ntawm tus kho raws, nyias qhia ob peb subspecies dyslalia:

- lambdatsizm: teeb meem nrog rau cov kev hais ntawm lub zog thiab mos mos "l";

- rhotacism: tus me nyuam incorrectly pronounces nyuaj thiab mos mos "p";

- lisping: hais uas sov ua txhaum;

- kappatsizm: teeb meem nrog lub zog thiab mos mos "k";

- yotatsizm: kev hais lus "th";

- hitizm: ua txhaum nyob rau hauv lub hais "x";

- gammatsizm: teeb meem nrog hais lus "g";

- tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv mitigation thiab hardness ntawm suab: tus me nyuam tej zaum yuav nyuaj consonants hloov paired mos mos thiab vice versa;

- tsis xws luag stunning thiab voicing: voiced consonants yog hloov mus rau cov neeg lag ntseg, thiab vice versa.

Yog li ntawd dyslalia manifested nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Tab sis tsis txhob ntshai ntawm no mob: qhov zoo lag luam ntawm cov niam txiv thiab ib tug hais lus therapist hais lus tsis meej yuav tsum tau ho.

Daim Ntawv haumxeeb dyslalia

Qhov kev xeem kws kho mob txiav txim seb tus feem ntau salient nta ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau saib xyuas ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug hais lus therapist thiab ua rau nws zoo tshaj. Kws txawj qhia cov haumxeeb dyslalia:

1) acoustic-suab;

2) -phonetic articulatory;

3) articulatory-suab.

Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub uas nws ua rau yus cov teeb meem ntawm underdevelopment hais lus rooj sib hais. Vim hais tias ntawm no suab zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv zaj yam ntxwv tov. Tej zaum cov inferiority ntawm lawv cov xaav yog vim li cas hais tias ib tug me nyuam pheej tsis tshua mus lawv tej lus hais.

Articulatory-phonetic dyslalia nyob rau hauv preschool cov me nyuam tshwm sim nyob rau lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm mastering lub articulation txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov me nyuam pib mus pauv cov lus hais lub suab.

Thaum articulatory-suab dyslalia tus me nyuam tsis tau sai dlua yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov lus, uas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub hais ib lub suab. Qhov no ua rau tsis meej pem.

Ntawm no xws nws txawv - dyslalia cov me nyuam. Thiab txoj kev yuav txhim kho tau nws, yog li ntawd, ib yam nkaus thiab, yuav sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim mob, hais lus therapist yuav tsum tau tsim ib lub tswv yim ua hauj lwm nrog tus me nyuam.

Kho ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm kev hais lus ntshawv siab

Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug tsis yog hais ntawm suab teej tug mus rau tib pab pawg neeg, xws li whistling, peb yuav sib tham txog tej yam yooj yim ua txhaum. Yuav kom kho lawv txaus 2-3 lub hlis ntawm kev sib koom tes nrog ib tug hais lus therapist, thiab tej zaum kuj kho tej zaum yuav kav rau rau lub hlis. Tab sis dyslalia nyuaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm impaired hais ntau tshaj li 5 pab pawg ntawm cov suab, yuav tsum tau ib tug ntev thiab painstaking ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, complex ntaub ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam ua txhaum suab lub rooj sib hais. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev kho kev nyuaj siab tsis yog los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau rau "muab" ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov suab, thiab qhov tseeb hais tias tus me nyuam pib hnov lawv kom zoo. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau lub sij hawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias tus me nyuam tsis tau tsuas yog ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug hais lus therapist, thiab nrog cov niam txiv nyob tom tsev. Tsuas yog nrog tsis tu ncua thiab systematic ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm mus rau restore nws.

Kho ib tug txhua yam dyslalia

Yuav kom kho zvukoproiznosheniya nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas muaj teeb meem nrog hais lus apparatus, nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov hauv paus ua ntawm tus kab mob loj hlob. Yog hais tias ib tug yog ib yam nkaus thiab luv luv frenulum ntawm lub tus nplaig los yog lub Upper di ncauj, ces nws yog txaus tsuas los luas - thiab tus me nyuam nws tus kheej pib hais lus kom zoo.

Ib me ntsis nyuab dua tej yam uas nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg ua txhaum los ntawm malocclusion. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus yuav tsum tau sib tham orthodontist. Nws yuav pab tau los kho tus tom nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb pab kiag li lawm, txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog. Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis tau, ces lub zog ua hauj lwm pib ib tug hais lus kws kho mob. Nws yuav tsum tau tswj, kom tau lub Desired acoustic nyhuv nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam nrog cov kev ntshawv siab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug hais lus therapist yuav pab tau thiab cov me nyuam uas muaj lub ntuj tsis ncaj ncees lawm qauv. Kws txawj paub yuav ua li cas coj tus nplaig ntawm cov neeg uas muaj "Gothic", ib tug ca los yog qhov zoo li tus sab sauv koov nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj.

kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus me nyuam

Ua ntej koj yuav pib rau thaum kawg, hais lus therapist yuav tsum soj ntsuam cov muaj ntawm lub suab apparatus ntawm tus me nyuam thiab nws niam mus nrhiav tau tawm txog rau thaum kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuam. Ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev qhia ntaub ntawv tso cai rau peb los txiav txim seb cov uas twb muaj lawm tsis xws luag thiab txiav txim seb cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam. Tom qab txoj kev tshawb no tus hais lus pathologist yuav qhia tau yog tias dyslalia cov me nyuam. "Cov tsos mob" (ib tug ntshiab ua txhaum ntawm kev hais lus) yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog pov thawj ntawm suab xaav. Tsuas yog ces thiaj paub hais tias.

Yog hais tias lub kws kho mob tsis pom tus neeg kho tshuab ua cuam tshuam, nws yuav xa tus me nyuam mus rau lub profile kws muaj txuj. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib tug kws phais neeg, orthodontist los yog ntsej. Yuav kom kav ib tug kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom mus yog hais tias koj xav tias ib tug me nyuam txoj kev tsis hnov lus zoo. Thaum ntshaw haumxeeb daim ntawv pathology mus ntsib neurologist. Nws siv cov me nyuam daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas dyslalia mus cais cov kev underdevelopment ntawm kev hais lus. Txawm hais tias yam ua ntej kev kuaj mob thiab yuav xa ib tug hais lus kws kho mob.

Theem kho zvukoproiznoshenija

Tus kws qhia ntawv yog tsim ib tug system ntawm kev sis raug zoo nrog cov me nyuam, uas mob dyslalia. Cov ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau raws kev coj tsis tsuas mus kho lub suab hais, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cim xeeb, mloog, suab lub rooj sib hais. Tsis tas li ntawd cov kws yog ua dag zog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj. Rau cov hom phiaj, nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb logopedic zaws. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm zaj lus qhia yog muab los ua qhov ce. Nws yog yuav tsum tau, yog hais tias dyslalia kuaj mob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Kev Kho Mob (ce pab kom tsim lub suab apparatus) yog los tsim qhov tseeb hais suab, lawv automation thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm hnov ntau yam zoo muaj peev xwm.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kawm txog cov suab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm rau lawv automation. Ua li no, lawv muab tam sim ntawd ib feem ntawm tus neeg lub suab thiab lo lus. Rau kom zoo staging siv emulation txheej txheem. Yog hais tias nws tsis ua tau, tus kws kho mob siv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev sojntsuam yuav pab tau koj tus me nyuam los ntawm kev muab tus nplaig nyob hauv txoj cai coj.

Aims ntawm kev hais lus txoj kev kho kho

tus kws ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau tswj txoj kev kho zvukoproiznosheniya, thiab tus nrog paub txog suab, muaj peev xwm hais lawv kom raug, los tswj lawv cov kev hais lus.

Nws yog tsim nyog los paub tag nrho cov nta ntawm kev kov yeej kev dyslalia cov me nyuam, vim hais tias tsis muaj nws yuav tsis tau mus cuag ib tug tshwm sim. Rau cov koom haum ntawm cov niam txiv 'kws kho mob - tus me nyuam "yog tsim nyog los tsim tej yam kev mob dej siab. Cov me nyuam yaus muaj qhov cia siab rau tus xib fwb, lawv yuav tsum muaj ib tug kev xav kev twb kev txuas. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, ib tug hais lus therapist yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txaus siab rau tus me nyuam. Lawv yuav tsum txhawb kom cov txawj ntse ua ub no, los mus tiv thaiv tau qaug zog.

Yog hais tias qhov no yuav ua tau tiav, ces tus me nyuam yuav muaj peev xwm:

- kawm kom paub txog tej suab sib txawv thiab sib tov rau lawv;

- zvukoproiznosheniya paub qhov txawv txoj cai los ntawm tsis ncaj ncees lawm;

- tswj ntawm lawv tus kheej hais lus;

- nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus txawv suab nyob rau hauv tus hais lus kwj;

- meej paub thiab cais tawm lub suab ntawm nws hais lus.

Kev tiv thaiv dyslalia

Yog hais tias cov niam txiv tsis xav rau yav tom ntej mus nrhiav ntaub ntawv rau "dyslalia cov me nyuam thiab cov hau kev mus kho nws," ces lawv yuav tsum paub nyob rau hauv ua ntej yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv kom txhob xws kev ua txhaum.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsum muaj ib tug tsis tu ncua kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub tshwj xeeb cov kws kho mob uas yuav tsum tau raws sij hawm ntes anatomical txawv txav ntawm tus hais lus hauv nruab nrog cev.

Nws tseem ceeb heev rau puag ncig lub me nyuam nrog rau txoj kev tib neeg tham. Cov neeg laus "lisp" yuav tsum tsis txhob nrog tus me nyuam, vim hais tias nws cov ntaub ntawv nws sib txuas lus qauv. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum muaj ib co piv txwv ua raws li. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg muaj ib tug hais lus teeb meem, nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub upbringing ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ua.