Lavxias teb sab lus - ib tug complex phenomenon, kaj, tsis tshua muaj neeg. Qhov no siv rau tag nrho nws cov ntau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav phenomena nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum muaj cai nyob rau theem ntawm phonetics, cov lo lus thiab cov txheej txheem. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb ntau daim ntawv qhia rau peb txog cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab sau lus nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov txheej xwm noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv zej zog. Yog hais tias archaeologists extract ntaub ntawv hais txog cov "affairs ntawm bygone hnub" thaum soj ntsuam nrog artifacts, lub linguists ua ib tug tib ua hauj lwm, kawm lub neej ntawm lo lus.
lexical Changeling
Lus, tej zaum cov feem ntau mus lus tsim. Nws yog ntau rau lwm seem ntawm Philology kev cob cog rua ncaj qha mus hais lus nrog ib tug nyob kev sib txuas lus. Yog li ntawd, lub lexical qauv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus yog li ntawd nplua nuj, multileveledness, ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos synonymous thiab antonymous pawg nkag mus rau hauv ib tug complex correlative kev sib raug zoo, linguists tau pom lwm uas nws kim heev commonality ntawm cov lo lus, hu ua homonyms. Nws yog tsis tshua muaj ua kev, nws lexical units los ntawm lawv tus kheej tsim ib tug plurality ntawm cais ceg. Qhov no, dhau li ntawm tus homonyms, homophones thiab seev suab, piv txwv uas peb yuav tsum to taub.
lub ntsiab txhais
Lub sij hawm tau tuaj rau peb los ntawm lub ancient Greek lus thiab lus txhais tau tias "ib yam kev sau ntawv" los yog "sau tib yam." Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Thiab hais tias seev suab - piv txwv ntawm cov lus uas muaj ib tug zoo li graphical style, tab sis yog cov lus hais txawv thiab tsis coincide nyob rau hauv lawv cov lexical lub ntsiab lus. Qhov txawv nyob rau hauv hais, mas uas tau tsav los ntawm ib tug mismatch poob siab txaus los yog phonetic thiab grammatical cai. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws seev suab, piv txwv uas kom meej meej qhia qhov txawv - thiab lo lus za'mok zamo'k, a'tlas thiab atla thiab lwm tus neeg.
peb piav rau cov me nyuam
Vocabulary kawm nyob rau hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub qib 5, thiab ces muaj cov me nyuam txhob txwm tshaj tawm tsis rov qab mus rau lub kawm ntaub ntawv mus txog rau qhov kawg piab, thaum koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov thiab npaj rau tag nrho cov kev txawj ntse puag. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis hais txog lwm tus cov lus khej. Nws yog yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov menyuam kawm muas thaum chiv thawj kawm zoo thiab yog ib qho yooj yim mus faib cov ntau yam lus tshwm sim. Piav zaj lus qhia hais tias xws li kev seev suab, piv txwv ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum ua kom tawm rau hauv kom meej, raws li cov ntsiab cai "los ntawm tej yam yooj yim rau txoj." E., Nyob rau hauv lub pib nws piav txog, ces nws nug tus tub kawm ntawv los ua tib yam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm dua cov threads muab lus lexical txhais lus. Tsuas yog ces tau lub assimilation ntawm cov khoom yog check, thiab nco - meej pem.
ntsiab lus teb puag ncig
Yog li ntawd, nyeem ntawv rau tag nrho cov kev tshawb xav, los ntawm ib tug methodological taw tes ntawm view yog ntau yog ua rau tsis tib seev suab - piv txwv ntawm cov nqe lus nrog explanatory lus yuav ntau npaum li cas pom. Yog hais tias tus xib fwb sau nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov kab lus "qub tsev fuabtais, medieval fuabtais, pob zeb tsev fuabtais, ib lub tsev fuabtais nrog siab yees, muaj koob muaj npe tsev fuabtais", cov me nyuam yuav tsum qhia meej hais tias peb yuav tau tham txog lub architectural qauv, ib tug neeg pej xeem lub tsev, thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ua tau rau lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 1-2 nrog ib tug haum lub tswv yim seev suab. Piv txwv: "Nyob rau ib tug siab toj sawv formidable medieval fuabtais. Nws twb ncig los ntawm impenetrable pob zeb phab ntsa. " Tam sim no homograph: dodgy xauv, ntsuas phoo, xauv lawm, zip xauv. Cov me nyuam tam sim ntawd txiav txim hais tias cov piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab ib tug mechanism mus kaw dab tsi. Thiab tseem yuav ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm "Txiv punched lub qhov rooj xauv tshiab txhim khu kev qha. Tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm tsis ntshai rau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm nws chav tsev. " Yog hais tias tus xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nram no cov chav kawm yuav tsum yog los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm rov qab mus rau cov khoom siv no, nws yuav zoo rau cov menyuam kawm lus xyaum.
Close tab sis tsis zoo tib yam
Lawm, tus me nyuam yog ib qhov nyuaj rau cia nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais rau lub sij hawm ntawm kev kawm thiab nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv mus nqa lawv ua ntej cov piab. Tus thawj yam uas nws pib kom tau tsis meej pem thaum cov khoom rau lexicology loses num - dab tsi seev suab thiab homophones (txhais, txhais ntxeev, homonyms yog nco qab txog ntau xav, li ntawd, yuav tau txawv nta ntau pronounced ..). Homophony phenomenon yog raws li nyob rau hauv qhov sib thooj ntawm lub suab (tus "tom qab" - lub suab). Yog, cov lus no yog feem ntau kuj spelled tib yam (tsis yeej ib txwm!) Tab sis lawv muaj tib lub luag Iwm haiv neeg, thaum seev suab - tsis muaj. Homophones - yog: dos - ib tug nroj tsuag thiab dos - qhov riam phom, rab liag - cov plaub hau thiab braid - Agricultural machinery, khaub thuas - ib tug kab mob thiab cov pwm (txawv graphical plhaub rau tib lub phonetic clearance!) - ib tug nroj tsuag.
systematization ntawm kev seev suab
Homography teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab linguists pib tiag koom nyob rau hauv twb nyob hauv peb 21 xyoo pua. Kom txog thaum uas lub sij hawm, qhov no lus tshwm sim twb yog heev superficially. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Philology dua li duab seev suab (.. Xws li, zoo huv si) yog faib:
- lo lus uas yog sau tib yam thiab xa mus rau tib ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, piv txwv li, hmoov 'thiab mu'ka;
- lus yog mapped mus rau ib tug sib txawv ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ua tswv cuab: zvo'nok thiab zvono'k;
- situational seev suab: ntawm Ko'li - yog hais tias '.
Ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev pab raws qib nrog entertaining sis pab cov tub ntxhais kawm tob mus rau hauv lub mysteries ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab nrog nws peculiarities. Thiab nco ntsoov mus qhia kom lawv siv dictionaries, xws li ib tug phau ntawv txhais lus seev suab!