Hluav taws xob cov synapses thiab lawv nta

Synapses yog tshwj xeeb haumxeeb hu, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm ntawm excitable hlwb. Lawv kis thiab txia ua lub ntau yam Pib ntsais koj teeb. Synapses tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thickenings rau hauv lub xaus ntawm cov hlab fibers. Nrog lawv pab paj impulses propagate rau cov neeg nyob ze hlwb. Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub synapse yog ib qho intercellular kis tau tus mob ntawm cov hlab impulses.

Classification thiab ib nyuag piav qhia

Raws li lub hom pulses nyob ua ib ke tov, tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob synapses. Tshuaj ua lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia thiab amplifies nws, raws li tau zoo raws li depolarize postsynaptic hyperpolarizes los yog tus kheej. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tshuaj synapses tsub kom lub plasticity nyob rau hauv taw, uas yog, ib tug neeg ua kom nco thiab ceev ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Cov hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob offline synaptic ncua, thiab lub teeb liab yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob cov lus qhia. mem tes kis tau tus mob yog ywj siab los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm tus presynaptic membrane. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hluav taws xob synapses yog resistant kom tsawg kub, raws li tau zoo raws li ib co tej yam los ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. mixed hom synapses muaj ib tug feature. Lawv yog cov uas tig mus rau hauv lub tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob signaling.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho hluav taws xob synapse?

Hluav taws xob cov synapses - yog intercellular tsim los ntawm kev uas kom kis tau tus mob ntawm lub excitation mem tes. Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim vim cov tsos ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no nruab nrab ntawm ob departments hu ua presynaptic thiab postsynaptic. Lub paj hlwb ntawm invertebrates muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm hluav taws xob synapses, thaum nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj lawv yog yuav luag muaj. Ua ke nrog cov hluav taws xob synapses yog heev ntau nrog lub siab tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv, siab, leeg, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub epithelium thiab glandular cov ntaub so ntswg. Synaptic cleft nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob synapses yog npaum li cas nqaim tshaj li lub tshuaj. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature ntawm no hom ntawm synapse yog qhov tseeb hais tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuaj thiab postsynaptic week nyob ib tug choj ntawm protein molecules.

Tseem ceeb hluav taws xob synapses ua hauj lwm hom

Thaj chaw ntawm hluav taws xob synapses yog raws li nram no:

• kev ceev (ntau superior kev ua si nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj hom synapses);
• faint txoj lw los (summation ntawm successive pulses suab tsis muaj);
• txhim khu kev qha kis tau tus mob ntawm excitation;
• siab ductility;
• hloov mus rau ib tug thiab ob sab.

Nta ntawm cov qauv

Tus qauv ntawm lub hluav taws xob lam pib nrog lub postsynaptic membrane. Tom ntej no yog ib nqaim synaptic cleft, uas muaj transverse tubules muaj li ntawm protein molecules. Qab lub txoj kab txiav yog nyob presynaptic membrane. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog ib tug semicircular synaptic cov quav hniav. Oblong synaptic xaus - lub caij kawg nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob synapse. Vim muaj cov protein molecules raws ntawm kws tshuaj thiab postsynaptic hlwb, inorganic ions thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws molecules yuav tau tsiv los ntawm ib tug cell mus rau lwm lub. Tej synapse muaj ib tug heev tsawg hluav taws xob kuj. Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob, qhov tam sim no thov mus rau presynaptic postsynaptic hlwb thiab yuav luag extinguished.

Kev haumxeeb zog

Nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob synapses, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov cim haumxeeb nta. Synaptic ncua sij hawm ntawm yuav luag tsis muaj. Lam los rau hauv lub presynaptic davhlau ya nyob twg, thiab ces tus txheej txheem pib tam sim ntawd postsynaptic peev xwm. Lub caij nyoog nruab nrab cov kev ua yog uas ploj lawm. Hluav taws xob cov synapses muab kis tau tus mob kev xwb - ntawm excitation. Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm synapse yog tuav ob sab sib dho txawm lub fact tias vim tus yam ntxwv ntawm stereometric kev nyob rau hauv ib tug kev taw qhia feem ntau nraaj. Ntau yam (pharmacological, thermal, thiab lwm yam) muaj zoo tsis ntxim rau cov synapses ntawm lub fais hom.

Yuav ua li cas yog kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob synapses? Cov txheej txheem kauj ruam

Ua teb (PD) - lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm uas yuav siv sij hawm qhov hluav taws xob synapse. Lub mechanism ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog zoo li tus PDP nyob rau hauv synapses nyob rau hauv paj fibers. Thaum lub excitation keyboards rau kev loj hlob kauj ruam, ib tug reversal ntawm tus nqi pib presynaptic membrane. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no, uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov postsynaptic membrane, irritating nws thiab ua rau nws los ua kom muaj PD. Conduction ntawm excitation nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob synapse yog ib tug complex physiological txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb ua sawv. Presynaptic membrane ua lub transformation ntawm lub fais mem tes rau cov tshuaj, uas yog tau txais nyob rau postsynaptic phaj dua twv mus rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob lub teeb liab.

Ib txhia tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob synapses

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias hluav taws xob synapses nqa tawm ib tug yooj yim haum txheej txheem ntawm excitation hloov lwm lub tsev, lawv muaj ib co loj flaws. Thiab mus blame lub stereotype ntawm lawv ua. Cov tau ncaj qha mus kawm rau nyob deb hlwb excitement muaj. Pre-thiab postsynaptic hlwb yog kev cob cog rua synapses hluav taws xob hom, lawv yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv tib lub excitation. braking cov tsos tsis yooj yim sua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no raug nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam mos lub hlwb tsis yog ib tug ntau ntawm hluav taws xob synapses, whereas nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus yog ib tug heev ob peb nyob rau hauv lub retina ntawm lub qhov muag, lub hlwb qia thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus vestibular apparatus.

Ib tug zoo sib xws, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pathological mechanism ntawm excitation yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob uas yog txuam nrog rau degeneration ntawm cov axon ib thaj tsam. Li ntawd, cov excitation txheej txheem "jumps" los ntawm ib tug mus rau lwm axon, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau tsis muaj tseeb nov ntawm nqaij tawv. Piv txwv li, cov tsos ntawm cov nov ntawm nqaij tawv ntawm qhov mob, dua li cov omission ntawm peripheral mob receptors zaum yuav tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm "hops" excitation.