Hokkaido Island, Nyiv: piav qhia, cov ntsiab lus, nthuav cov lus tseeb thiab xyuas

Nyiv - ib lub teb chaws uas yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nyiam cov ntau mus ncig tebchaws. Zoo nkauj xwm ntawm Nyiv, nws cov cim keeb kwm thiab cim kab lis kev cai nyiam muaj coob tus neeg los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb.

qhov chaw nta piav hauv qab no ntiaj teb ib thaj nyuag ces kaum yog hais tias nws yog ob lub feem ntau easterly thiab lub northernmost kob ntawm Nyiv archipelago.

Nyiv Hokkaido

Nws yog tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws kev kob ntawm Nyiv. Lub northernmost ntawm nws cov huab point, raws li zoo raws li thoob plaws teb chaws Nyiv Pooj - Cape soya, thiab cov easternmost - cape nosappu-Salem.

Qhov ze neighboring kob - Honshu, sib cais los ntawm lub Tsugaru Strait. Cov dej ntawm lub Okhotsk Hiav txwv ntxuav nws cov sab qaum teb ntug dej, lub hiav txwv ntawm Nyiv - Western, thiab cov dej hiav txwv Pacific - sab hnub tuaj.

Honshu - kob ntawm Hokkaido loj. Yav tas los, nws twb paub li Hondo thiab Nippon. Nws muab 60% ntawm lub cheeb tsam thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Tab sis Hokkaido, yog ib lub 4 coob Islands tuaj teb chaws Nyiv Pooj, qhov zoo tshaj plaws fwm primeval xwm. Hais txog 10% ntawm nws cov chaw uas zoo heev yog nyob los ntawm cov teb chaws Chaw ua si los (20 nyob rau hauv tag nrho). Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm Hokkaido ecotourism.

Lub ib ncig ntawm cov kob ntawm Hokkaido muaj ib tug tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm dua 83.453 km2.
Nws inhabits 5.507.456 neeg (raws li cov txheeb cais rau 2010).

Ib tug nyuag cov keeb kwm ntawm cov kob ntawm Hokkaido

Tsiv nyob rau hauv Hokkaido cheeb tsam pib txog 20 txhiab. Years ago. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub Ainu nyob ntawm no - ib qho ntawm feem ancient haiv neeg ntawm cov Japanese Islands tuaj. Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Japanese kob tseem khaws ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm learn. Cov thawj heev siv lub npe hu rau kev soj ntsuam-zaum nyob rau hauv peb hnub, twb ua rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm "Hong Shoki" - Japanese sau monument, yos los ntawm lub yim xyoo pua BC

Muaj yog ib tug ncaj ntau kev tshawb xav hais tias Vatarishima kob (hais txog nws thiab xa mus rau nyob rau hauv no chronicle) yog Hokkaido, uas twb yog li lub npe xwb nyob rau hauv 1869.

Lub Aisliasdawm (Ainu) tau koom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov, thiab uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sij hawm luam kev sib raug zoo nrog cov nyob sib ze Islands tuaj, muab lub sijhawm rau lawv muab lawv tus kheej nrog mov thiab hlau.

Lub thaj yeeb ntsiag to lub neej lawv twb nyob rau hauv XIV-XV centuries, thaum lub Japanese maj pib khom nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob sib ze ceg av qab teb Oshima (los ntawm Hokkaido sab qab teb-sab hnub poob). Nws twb aggressively coj lub Ainu, uas tau coj mus rau cov tub rog txiav txim uas twb nyob rau hauv 1475, thaum lawv cov thawj coj raug tua.

Thaum lub sij hawm heyday ntawm lub reign ntawm tub huabtais Matsumae, lub teb chaws uas muaj nyob tsuas yog nyob rau txog. Oshima, Hokkaido kob maj los ua ib feem ntawm lawv ntiag tug. Ib zaug ntxiv, vim cov kob tsoo ntev-sawv nriaj ntawm lub zos ib txwm thiab Japanese. Ainu ntxeev siab kom txog thaum lub 2nd ib nrab ntawm cov 18th pua, tab sis tsis muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua tsis tau raug coj. Japanese confidently muaj ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov kob lawv txhais tes, tag nrho cov ntau li ntawd thaum muaj ib tug tseem sij hawm ntawm ib Lavxias teb sab nres los ntawm sab hnub poob.

Nyob rau hauv 1868-1869 gg. Hokkaido Ezo muaj ib qho kev ywj siab koom pheej, uas tau tshaj tawm tias tom qab tsiv mus rau cov kob txhiab ua tsov ua rog, xaiv tom qab thawj zaug kev xaiv tsa ntawm cov Japanese lub taub hau ntawm lub koom pheej - E. Admiral Takeaki.

Tus huab tais tsis raug kev txom nyem xws arbitrariness nyob rau hauv lawv cov cheeb tsam, thiab nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1869 lub koom pheej ntawm Ezo twb abolished, thiab nws cov thawj coj twb txim.

Hard lub sij hawm rau cov kob yog nyob rau hauv 1945, thaum nws lub teb chaws yog ib tug txaus ntshai bombing. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, phem heev puas ntau zos thiab lub zos.

Koom Haum Niam mined minerals

Hokkaido kob yog feem ntau mountainous roob hav. Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib ncig yog nyob ntawm roob, tus so yog them los ntawm lub nras. Roob ridges (Hidaka, Tokachi li al.), Elongated nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia submeridional. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm Hokkaido - Mount Asahi (altitude 2290 meters). Cov kob 8 yog volcanoes, nyob rau kev khiav hauj lwm. Feem ntau, ntawm no, raws li nyob rau hauv Nyiv, av qeeg tshwm sim.

Mined rau cov kob ntawm hard thee, hlau ore thiab sulfur.

Lub zos neeg thiab haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pejxeem

Hokkaido (Prefecture) cai muab faib mus rau hauv 14 sub-prefectures.
Cov kob lub capital - Sapporo, nrog ib tug neeg nyob ntawm 1.915.542 neeg (raws li xyoo 2010 statistics ntawm lub xyoo).

Sapporo - qhov loj tshaj plaws lub nroog nyob rau hauv Hokkaido. Los ntawm cov Kuril islands sib cais los ntawm lub Straits ntawm nws coj tsis ncaj thiab Kunashir.

Major lub zos ntawm cov kob - Muroran, Tomakomai, Otaru. Cov haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg yog heev yooj yim: Japanese - 98,5% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem, Koreans - 0.5%, Suav - 0.4% thiab lwm yam haiv neeg (nrog rau Ainus) - tsuas yog 0.6%.

Hav dej thiab pas dej

Qhov loj tshaj plaws dej kob - Ishikari (ntev 265 km) thiab Tokachi (ntev 156 km).
qhov loj tshaj plaws yog pas dej - Sikotsu, Toya thiab Kuttyaro (kev ua qab yias) thiab daim ntawv SAR (pas dej keeb kwm). Muaj yog ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm Hokkaido thiab me me volcanic pas dej uas yog pub los ntawm mineral kub springs.

kev nyab xeeb

Hokkaido muaj ib tug nyab xeeb ib tug me ntsis txawv tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm Nyiv. Ntawm no, cov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog tsuas +8 ° C. Vim qhov sib thooj rau cov dej hiav txwv Pacific rau hauv cov cheeb tsam rau lub xyoo yog ib tug nruab nrab ntawm tsuas 17 hnub ntawm tshav ntuj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov sij hawm muaj ze li ntawm 149 los nag, thiab lub caij ntuj no - txog 123 daus hnub.

Thiab tsis tau, raws li Japanese qauv lub caij ntuj sov kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Hokkaido, drier, thiab lub caij ntuj no - ntau phem tshaj dua li nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws.

Yog, thiab lub tswvyim ntawm "sab qaum teb" nyob rau hauv Hokkaido yog heev txheeb ze. Piv txwv li, lub nroog ntawm Wakkanai, nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qaum teb ntawm cov kob, nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog ntawm Paris. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no kob nyob rau hauv Nyiv yog suav hais tias "hnyav North."

Muaj thiab fauna

Feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Hokkaido yog coniferous hav zoov (fir thiab spruce), interspersed nrog xyoob (muab 60% ntawm cov kob). Ntoo thuv, birch forests thiab tsob nroj heaths ntau nyob rau hauv lub roob.

Ntawm cov tsiaj muaj hma, bears, sable, ermine thiab weasels. Tag nrho cov Japanese Islands tuaj (Hokkaido ntawm lawv) populated kuj ceeb tias ntau haiv neeg ntiaj teb no ntawm cov noog thiab lawv nqaum dej abound nrog ntau hom ntses.

sights

Yuav ua li cas yog interesting, tsuas yog cov amazing cim xwm, yeej tseem yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Hokkaido? Traveler Xyuas nyob rau hauv no cov kob, rau cov uas muaj teeb meem, thiab txog tag nrho ntawm Nyiv, lub feem ntau zoo.

Nyob rau hauv Sapporo, muaj ntau ntau notable qhov chaw: lub moos ntauwd ntawm lub tib lub npe - yog ib tug ntawm ob peb tseem muaj sia nyob tsev ntawm lub caij puv 19 xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub American colonial style; Botanical vaj nrog ib tug fwm feem ntawm lub ntuj forests hais tias ib zaug loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog; Odori Boulevard; TV ntauwd (qhov siab 147 meters); Roob Capelin 8 kilometers ntawm lub capital; npias tsev cia puav pheej (ib zaug ib lub Hoobkas rau nws lawm); Nakajima Park.

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Hakodate muaj pyatibastionnaya Fortress (1864); Monastery Koryudzi; Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm tus Tswv thiab lub Koom Txoos Catholic Momomati; Monastery Higashi Honganji.

Rau cov kob muaj Hokkkaydo National Parks: shikotsu-tōya lub teb chaws tiaj ua si, Kushiro-Sitsugen, Akan, Shiretoko, Rebun thiab Rishiri Island-Tayseiudzan. Chaw ua si quasi - Hidaka, Abashiri, Onuma, prefectural ntuj chaw ua si Akkeshi.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, ib tug ob peb nthuav tseeb

• Yav tas los nws twb xav hais tias lub Hokkaido - Lavxias teb sab kob. Nyiv tsis qhia tej yam txaus siab nyob rau hauv los yog mus rau lub Kuril Islands tuaj, Sakhalin los, ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Island ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv Nyiv officially xam tau tias yog alien chaw uas zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv 1786 los txog lub Japanese tau ntsib nrog cov neeg hauv zos, lov Lavxias teb sab npe thiab surnames. Cov no yog cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm lub heev Ainu, leej twg coj ib zaug lub Lavxias teb sab pej xeem thiab Orthodoxy nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo. Ainu neeg siv los mus nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia (Sakhalin, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Kamchatka thiab cov Kuril Islands). Qhov no lub teb chaws muaj ib tug yus feature - ib tug European tsos. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv teb chaws Nyiv Pooj muaj kwv yees li ntawm 30 000 ntawm lawv cov me nyuam, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau assimilated nrog lub Japanese thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm ntev.

• Lub Sapporo Daus Success yog muaj txhua xyoo, uas twb xub muaj nyob rau hauv 1950. Qhov no zoo ntawm exhibition ntawm daus nuj nqis.

• Nyob rau hauv Hokkaido ntau kub springs abound. Cov feem nthuav ntawm no yog Dzigokudani (Dolina Ada). Nyob rau qhov chaw no muaj ntau heev heev Geysers, tej zaum soars saum toj no rau hauv av.

• Nyob rau hauv nws cheeb tsam ntawm Hokkaido yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau cov Austrian chaw uas zoo heev.

• Txij li thaum 1859 nyob rau hauv Sapporo ua hauj lwm ib tug Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, ua rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj lub hom phiaj - Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm tus Tswv. Txij li thaum 1983, nws teb belongs rau cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Nyiv.