Hom ntawm zaj lus sib dhos nyob rau hauv versification

Yuav kom qha lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib dhos thiab sib dhos. Yog hais tias lub yav tas los yog lub consonance ob txoj lus, cov thib ob yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm interlace sib dhos nqe. Raws li, sib dhos nws yog nrug tshaj suab xaus sib dhos.

hom lus sib dhos

Txoj kev sib dhos nyob rau hauv versification raws li nyob rau hauv ob peb hom lus sib dhos. Yog li, qhov zoo tshaj thiab muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov ntais ntawv lus sib dhos lub suab yog muab faib ua tseeb thiab tsis muaj tseeb. Nyob rau specifics ntawm lub luag Iwm haiv neeg - rau cov txiv neej (sis nyob rau hauv lub xeem cim), poj niam (sis nyob rau penultimate cim), thiab dactylic giperdaktilicheskie (sis nyob rau hauv 3 thiab 4 cim suab los ntawm cov xaus). Yog hais tias cov kab dua li cim coincide pretonic (reference) consonants, ces xws suab xaus sib dhos txhais li nplua nuj. Yog hais tias koj ua tsis tau - hu ua cov neeg pluag sib dhos.

hom suab xaus sib dhos

Muaj peb hom suab xaus sib dhos nyob rau hauv versification:

• uas nyob ib sab (paired)
• tus ntoo khaub lig (alternating)
• nplhaib (txoj siv, ohvatnaya).

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib hom yog free suab xaus sib dhos.

Uas nyob ib sab (paired) assumes qho tsim consonance uas nyob ib sab kab - lub thawj kab lus sib dhos nrog lub thib ob, thib peb, ntsig txog, plaub, tsib thiab thib rau, thiab lwm yam tag nrho cov hom sib dhos paj huam yuav arbitrarily xws li ib tug Circuit Court ... Yog li ntawd nyob ib sab views yog raug xa mus rau raws li "Aabb". Piv txwv li:

"Cia li tam sim no muaj yog tsis muaj duds (a) -

Xwb ua lub teeb (a).

Thiab hu nkauj garmonitsa (b)

Yuav ua li cas zoo wrestler (b). "

(S. A. Esenin).

Ib qho ntaub ntawv yog cov alternation ntawm lub nyob ib sab suab xaus sib dhos suab xaus sib dhos tswvyim "ahhh."

Cross (alternating) zaj lus sib dhos tsim los ntawm interleaving kab sib dhos - suab xaus sib dhos nrog rau cov thawj thib peb, lub thib ob - plaub, lub thib tsib - ib tug xya, thiab lwm yam ... Qhov no zoo ntawm zaj lus sib dhos "Ababii":

"Kuv nco ntsoov ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub sij hawm ntawd (a):

Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm kuv yog koj (b)

Zoo li ib tug fleeting pom kev (a)

Raws li ntshiab kev zoo nkauj (b) "

(A. S. Pushkin).

Kauj (shingles, ohvatny) hom ntawm zaj lus sib dhos tswvyim yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub "A-npas". Raws li, suab xaus sib dhos thawj thiab thib plaub kab, thiab thib ob thiab thib peb. Qhov no pom ntawm qhov versification yog tsis tshua muaj heev tshaj qhov lwm ob:

"Peb yuav tsis qaug dej qaug cawv, peb zoo li yuav sober (a)

Thiab tej zaum peb yeej paj huam (b).

Thaum sprinkled coj txawv txawv sonnets (b)

Peb tham nrog lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub "koj" (a).

(IA Brodsky).

Qhov hom lus sib dhos tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas txoj cai ntawm lub alternation ntawm lus sib dhos uas ploj lawm:

"Laj kab snuck nees tub sab (a)

Tan tis txiv hmab (a),

Pecking sparrows txhuam (b)

Nodding sleeveless cov khoom ua si (c),

Tab sis lub rustling bunches ntawm tua (b)

Ib txhia rumbling thiab tsim txom "(c).

(B. L. Pasternak).

Raws li, nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv, cov neej coj zaj lus sib dhos: thawj thiab thib ob kab - daim ntawv peb mus rau - crossover.

Sib dhos thiab zaj paj huam tag nrho

Tag nrho cov nqe implies lub xub ntiag ntawm tsawg kawg yog ib khub rau txhua zaj lus sib dhos. Qhov no saib kuas lub indivisibility ntawm lub dav lub cev ntawm lub zaj paj huam - nws yuav tsis raug faib mus rau hauv me me tag nrho zaj paj huam, muaj tiav nws tus kheej zaj lus sib dhos.

Nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj rifmovok txoj kev verse raug rho tawm daim ntawv monostich, distiha, TERCET Katren pentet thiab t. D. MonoSTU tsis tau ib tug tag nrho nqe lus no, raws li ib tug kab nrog dab tsi tsis sib dhos (txawm tias thaum muaj ib tug puab suab xaus sib dhos). Distin yog raws li ib tug "aa" muaj, ntsig txog, ib tug rau tag nrho cov lus sib dhos stanzas. Tsis tas li ntawd ib tug muaj Terzetto suab xaus sib dhos - tswvyim ntawm "txhab". Nyob rau hauv no Terzetto yuav cais tsis tau, vim tej division peb tau tsawg kawg yog ib monostich, uas tsis yog ib tug tag nrho nqe.

Katren muaj xws li xws hom suab xaus sib dhos raws li annular ( "A-npas") thiab tus ntoo khaub lig ( "Ababii"). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib sab suab xaus sib dhos ( "Aabb ') v yog muab faib ua ob ywj siab distiha, txhua tus uas yuav ua tau ib tug tag nrho nqe. Pentet, nyob rau hauv lem, combines rau rifmovok tag nrho zaj paj huam.

Dawb thiab dawb lub nqe

Nws yog tsim nyog los paub qhov txawv cov dawb daim ntawv ntawm lus sib dhos thiab dawb lub nqe daim ntawv no, txij li thaum nws tsis yog tib yam. Qhov hom sib dhos paj huam ntaub ntawv xws li. N. free nqe - ib daim ntawv ntawm paj huam nrog rau cov kev hloov hom suab xaus sib dhos. Xws li kab sib dhos nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kev txiav txim. Dawb nqe (aka dawb), nyob rau hauv tus, tsis txhob siv zaj lus sib dhos:

"Mloog (a)!

Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias tus hnub qub yog lit (b) -

ces nws yog ib tug neeg uas xav tau kev pab nws (nyob rau hauv)?

Yog li ntawd ib tug neeg xav kom lawv yuav tsum tau (g)? "

(V. V. Mayakovsky).

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, free nqe tsis tau equated nrog luag nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tias yog tsis muaj zaj lus sib dhos, dab tsi yog txawv los ntawm, piv txwv li, cov pa ntawv xov xwm tawm? Ib tug ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov dawb paug nqe thiab prose - ib tug ib txwm mus recitation, dab tsi distinguishes paj huam los ntawm prose cov ntawv nyeem. Qhov no sib tsim los ntawm cov kev xav, tshwj xeeb mus ob peb vas ntawm tus poetic ntawv nyeem, tsis txais monotonous nyeem ntawv. Qhov thib ob qhov sib txawv yog nws free nqe atherosclerosis raug tsim los ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm lub suab thiab equalization ntawm stresses.