Keeb kwm ravioli. Leej twg invented lub dumplings? Qhov twg mus dumplings (uas nws lub tais)

Tej nyuj, nqaij, nqaij ntses thiab zaub, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov variations, ua tib zoo qhwv nyob rau hauv lub thinnest khob noom cookie rau lub teb chaws cuisines ntawm ob peb haiv neeg yog ib tug ib txwm phaj. Analogs ntawm dumplings xws li khinkali, witches, manta rays, jiao ji ntev tau paub mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm ua noj ua haus. Yog li ntawd yog vim li cas mus dumplings? Nws tais? Tsaus ntuj nti thiab obscure yog zaj dab neeg ntawm no amazing thiab thiaj li hlub cov khoom. Ntev pom tau hais tias nws cov dumplings Lavxias teb sab thiab Siberian cuisine.

Yog li ntawd leej twg tuaj nrog dumplings? Peb yuav tsum lees hais tias qhov no tais nws yog ib tug Suav cov hauv paus hniav. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub chav ua noj nrog nws cov keeb kwm ntawm tsib txhiab xyoo muaj analogues ntawm yuav luag txhua txhua niaj hnub tais diav. Keeb kwm ravioli yuav siv sij hawm peb nyob rau hauv ib tug deb heev yav dhau los. Tab sis tsuas no mus tsis txaus siab qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv no feem ntau nrov tais diav, tsis muaj ib tug yuav lees paub.

Yog li ntawd dumplings - ib tug Lavxias teb sab zaub mov los yog tsis? Cov tshuaj saib ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm tau muaj xws li: nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab cuisine tau teev tseg neeg uas ib zaug inhabited lub Ural cheeb tsam. Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub XIV-XV centuries. Thiab cia li raws li ib tug lub tswv yim muab rau pem hauv ntej qhov kev tshawb xav hais tias cov Komi, Perm, Siberian Tatars thiab lwm yam haiv neeg ntawm cov European northeast ntawm Russia dumplings los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab lwm yam ancient Neeg Esxias lub xeev.

Dumplings: provenance

Ib yam yog tseeb, dumplings mus rau Russia los ntawm ib tug yooj yim, txawm devious. Yog li ntawd leej twg ua ntej tuaj nrog no incredibly qab thiab cov tais yog haiv txawv teb chaws cuisines, haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg? Thiab qhov no yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb kam khav ntawm ntau kawm ua noj tsim yaam tshab. Yog li ntawd ua dab tsi peb qhia zaj dab neeg txog dumplings?

Plato lub treatise hu ua "tsiab peb caug" (... 385-380 U.Nt.Y.) piav txog ib lub tais uas yog painfully reminiscent ntawm dumplings - daim ntawm cov nqaij qhwv nyob rau hauv mij. Thiab Roman Petronius wrote txog nws. Ib tug comedy los ntawm Aristophanes, ib tug kawm ntawm Plato, hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsiab peb caug regaled paub sauteed xeem hnab cov khoom ua si nrog lwm cov khoom noj.

Tsis tau, ua noj historians pom zoo hais tias nws yog Tuam Tshoj "pelmeniziroval" cov teb chaws Europe.

Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm dumplings

Muaj ntau ntau lub versions ntawm cov emergence ntawm ravioli rau Lavxias teb sab av. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib nqi recalling tias ua ntej lub 1820-20-ies. ua tim khawv rau lub dumplings yuav nrhiav tsis tau nyob rau hauv tej cookbook Russia. Nws ua rau tsis muaj mention ntawm lawv txawm "Soldier lub chav tsev mov" nyob rau hauv 1786 thiab. - ib tug nrov cookbook S. Drukovtseva

Ib tug neeg piav qhov nov rau qhov tseeb hais tias ntev ntev lub dumplings nyob rau hauv lub Ural thiab Siberian cuisine yog ib tug mix ntawm lub regional thiab lub teb chaws thoob plaws lub koob meej pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo.

Thiab ib txhia yuav cam hais tias qhov no chav ua noj los ntawm lub Great ntawm Russia chaw yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb no.

Artifacts ntawm dumplings

Muaj ntau paub tus neeg sau ntawm ua noj khoom ntawm lub sij hawm, Ekaterina Avdeeva, nyob rau hauv 1837 sau "dumplings" raws li lo lus, hodivshem nyob rau hauv Siberia siv. Tias nyob rau hauv Russia lawv yog hu ua pob ntseg, uas yog ua los ntawm cov nplej zom nrog tsuav nqaij nyug thiab nceb los yog ntses, khov thiab lawv hloov mus rau hauv lub pob zeb. Raws li xws li, lawv yog npaum li cas mus rau txoj kev, thiab yuav tsum tso tawm rau lawv nyob rau hauv boiling dej, noj mov yog npaj txhij thiab heev six.

Yog hais tias peb tig mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua ntej lawm lub sij hawm, nws yog tsim nyog mus ntsib nrog rau cov xyoo 1830 kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kas fes thiab. hais lus phem lus uas nyob ntawm lub Orenburg xeev, qhov twg los mus piav txog ravioli sau muaj los sib piv lawv nrog Ukrainian dumplings. Nws hais tias lub dumplings (pelyany los yog permeni) zoo li tiddly siav pies, "Me Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg dumplings, tsis cheese, tab sis nrog nyuj," uas Perm yog ib tug nyiam lub tais.

Keeb kwm ravioli hais tias nyob rau hauv 1817 no tais yog tseem tiag tiag txawv. Nws tau piav txog nws Collegiate Councillor N. Semivsky "Dumplings, me me nrog tsuav nqaij los yog cov khoom ua si patties siav kom haum li tus Suav. Lawv yog cov zoo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lawv yuav tsum boiled nyob rau hauv dej. Dumplings yog ib tug zoo heev txoj kev kua zaub. Lawv noj boiled nrog liab vinegar. "

Txawm hais tias muaj lwm yam ntaub ntawv. "Painting huab tais lub savory nqaij" (1610-1613 thiab yog.) Muaj ib tug siv mus rau "lub tsho tshaj sab nrog menyuam yaj." Tab sis Karamzin nyob rau hauv lub dab neeg hais txog cov zaub mov, muaj nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntawm Tsar Fedor Ivanovich, hais mantle.

Plaub ntawm cov neeg uas sib ntaus sib tua rau dumplings

Kev tsis txaus siab thiab tsis pom zoo hais txog dab tsi dumplings - uas nws lub teb chaws tais yog tsis abated rau hnub no.

• Finno-Ugric haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub Urals (Udmurtia, Komi-Permian).

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ua pov thawj tias lub dumplings yuav tsum raug xam tias yog raws li nws yog lawv invention, muab lawv cov lo lus "pelnyan" nws tus kheej. Nws pervod li "pob ntseg-mov." Thiab nws zoo li ib tug dumpling pob ntseg. Nws twb zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv ib tug dog dig hnab, Yog hais tias nws yog sab laug nyob rau hauv lub txias, nyob rau hauv lub cellar los yog lub cuab. Thiab ua noj pelnyani yooj yim. Rau cov filling koj yuav noj cov nqaij ntawm txi tsiaj, zoo tsiaj txi rituals cov uas nyob ntawm lub Urals txaus.

• Suav.

Tab sis lo lus "dumpling" Finno-Ugric, tab sis cov zaub mov yog qhov no - tsuas yog cov Suav, dhau li ntawm tus gala. Tszyaotsy nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj npaj nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntsaws, uas suav pom siav. Thiab lawv cov nqaij - yog tsis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Ib tug tszyaotsy zoo li tus zoo li ib npib nyiaj, lawv txawm muaj ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, ib tug yeej muaj tseeb cim ntawm txoj kev vam meej, xav kom noj qab haus huv thiab muaj nyiaj.

• Siberians.

Cov so assured tias tsuas yog tus siab dawb nyob rau hauv Siberia dumplings - Aboriginal Siberian zaub mov. Ib tug nyias txheej ntawm ua khob noom cookie thiab filling, uas yog ntxiv finely crumbled ice - thiab koj muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tom qab lub tua tsiaj los yog muaj kev vam meej mus yos hav zoov. Yog, thiab koj yuav khaws tag nrho lub sij hawm uas cia txias.

Nqaij nyug, uas yog qhwv nyob rau hauv tortillas los ntawm ua khob noom cookie tau tsuas yog los ntawm tsuav nqaij, ntsev thiab dej khov .... Thiab muaj tsis muaj qhov muag thiab chesnochin, raws li yog ib txoj kev cai nyob rau hauv lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Tsuas yog tom qab lub niaj hnub saj, ntxiv kua txob.

• Mongolians.

Lawv, nyob rau hauv cavalry galloped thoob plaws yav qab teb Siberia thiab cov Urals, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tsis tau tawm hauv Tuam Tshoj nyob ib leeg, khi ua ke tag nrho cov neeg thiab kawm txog cov daim ntawv qhia. Rau nomadic herders, lawv yog ib qho zoo heev semi-tiav lawm cov khoom, uas nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj ntev yog ib tug tiag tiag txoj kev cawm seej. Mongolians yuav xav tsis thoob tias ib tug neeg muaj ib lo lus nug txog dumplings - uas nws lub teb chaws lub tais, yuav cam hais tias nws tsis yog lawv.

Yog li ntawd leej twg yog tus sau?

Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug ntawm uas yees ua lub dumplings, mus teb thiab tsis yooj yim thiab yooj yim. Lub tswv yim los qhwv cov nqaij nyob rau hauv lub khob noom cookie yog li cuab kev hais tias leej twg yuav muaj imagined: Suav - Tuam Tshoj, Lavxias teb sab - nyob rau hauv Russia, lub Greeks - nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws, Mongolia - Mongolia, thiab cov Germans - nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Los ntawm txoj kev, kawg peb ntxias tus sau phau ntawv ntawm ravioli - Protestant monks. Nyob rau hauv lub besieged fortress, lawv cia neeg mus ciaj sia.

lub teb chaws nta

Yuav kom npaj lub dumplings hnub no, txaus mus yuav ib tug semi-tiav lawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub khw thiab tom tsev ua noj steamed, Fry. Tab sis daim ntawv qhia ntawm qab dumplings yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm txhua txhua niam tsev.

Yuav ua li cas rau sculpt dumplings

Feem ntau yeej tsis niaj hnub no muaj yog ib lub tsev rau qhov pwm dumplings zoo li nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub, yuav luag festive, thiab raws li ib tsev neeg. Thaum lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaij li txiav nyuj, hostess npaj lub khob noom cookie thiab ces tag nrho cov tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub khob noom cookie voj voog, qhov twg extruded diav, qhov twg khob los yog tsom-iav, muab tso rau lub txuj lom. Ravioli daim ntau quav tso thiab lo ua ke. Tej zaum cov ncav us txog ua khob noom cookie yog txiav mus rau hauv vaj huam sib squares. Yog li ntawd koj ua tsis tau trimmings thiab txuag lub sij hawm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tej kev txiav lig tsis tsim nyog rau qhov tseeb craftsmen. Tsis muaj ib tug mus tham nkag siab hais tias tsuas yob lub khob noom cookie daim nyias rau txhua yuav sculpt pelmeni dumplings yog tiag tiag. Thiab qhov ntau lawv tseem me me, lub tastier.

Nws nkawd hais tias qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws phaj. Tab sis rau tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm koob meej thiab tej chaw dumplings muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv zaub mov txawv rau lawv nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws tau ntev tau paub raws li ib tug classic - Siberian dumplings - kuj yuav npaj nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

Tag nrho cov sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub txuj lom: qhov no tej zaum yuav lub nyuj nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov rog los yog fatter nqaij npuas thiab, ntawm chav kawm, dos thiab crushed dej khov. Txij li thaum lub filling yuav tsis lo rau lub ob txhais tes thaum lub sij hawm molding, thiab dumplings muab tus hluas.

Rau ravioli zoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab tag nrho, ib zaug thaum nws muab nws ib lub npe. Thiab yog dab tsi nws yuav? Tej niam tsev yuav qhia rau koj tias koj yuav tsum sculpt dumplings li plump crescent thiab yooj yim, tsis muaj rub heev, koom nrog cov xaus.

Siberian dumplings

Yuav kom npaj lub khob noom cookie rau lawv, yog noj xwb hmoov thiab dej. Qhov ntawd yog txoj cai, tej ntsev. Poured rau hauv lub hmoov swb, thiab deepening nws nchuav ze li ntawm dej khov-dej txias. Kneaded mov paj yog ib qho yooj yim mus poob qab ntawm ob txhais tes. Tam sim no nws yuav tsum pw rau ib nrab ib teev, them nrog ib tug phuam Polotenchik.

Nws yuav siv peb hom nqaij: nyuj, nqaij npuas (nws yog xaiv rog), sohatina. Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis muaj ntsev, tsis muaj dos, thiab lwm yam txuj lom. Mince finely tws.

Tab sis ib tug sau dumplings yuav ua tau tej yam: ib tug yooj yim qab zib, ghee, zaub ntug hauv paus, dos, qej thiab lwm tus.

Suav dumplings

Knead lub mov paj feeb hmoov thiab dej. Tab sis lub filling yog xaiv sib txawv heev: nqaij, zaub, qe nrog Leeks, cov nqaij thiab zaub. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj dumplings - ib tug "qhaus nyob rau hauv dej" yog hais txog mus rau lub complex siab, fashioned los ntawm txhais tes nrog 13 qhov, los yog "Empress-niam", cov khoom ua si nrog nqaij qaib thiab thiaj li me me uas zoo li pearls.

Ural dumplings

Nws yog ntau npaum li cas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tham txog pelnyanyah. Nyob rau hauv Russia, peb tov ob lo lus - "pelnyani" thiab "permians" (zaub mov permjatskogo) - thiab tau dim dumplings, yog li hlub los ntawm ntau. Thiab rau cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub Urals, lawv twb ntev heev ritual tais, ib tug yeej muaj tseeb cim ntawm lub txi ntawm cov nyuj. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub khob noom cookie yuav ntxiv qe partridge los yog lwm yam kev ua si.

Ural dumplings - tais, uas yog npaj raws li nram no. Nqaij filling yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug nruj kev faib ua feem: Nqaij nyuj - 45%, yaj - 35%, nqaij npuas - 20%. Los ntawm txuj lom txawm ntxiv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kua txob thiab dos. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi hauv txhua ravioli sau ib qab broth. Stuffing yeej npaj heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov ntoo lub sab los ntawm txoj kev tawg mov. Sami dumplings steamed, twb tsis txais mus noj nyob rau hauv dej los yog broth.

Thaum zoo li no daim ntawv qhia yog qab ravioli twb npaum li cas tshaj los ntawm lub Tatars, lawv noj mov tsuas yog tug menyuam yaj. Lavxias teb sab kuj tshwm sim los mus sib tov nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib qhov chaw nyuj thiab nqaij npuas.

Yuav ua li cas mus ua noj dumplings

Mus ua noj lub dumplings, yuav tsum tau skipyatit dej podsolit nws mus ntxiv Bay nplooj ntoos thiab dos, thiab ces muab pov rau lawv tus kheej dumplings.

Tab sis nws yog zoo npaum li cas yog tias koj muaj nyuj broth, siav nyob rau hauv cov pob txha. Yog hais tias koj tsis noj nws, ces cia li tso tawm nws twb siav dumplings. Saj lawv yuav zoo npaum li cas thiab richer.

Hais txog dumplings - ib txhis Lavxias teb sab zaub mov los yog tsis tau, koj yuav cam ntev. Yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg - yog li ntawd ntau cov kev xav. Tab sis lub undeniable fact tias cov dumplings rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg - ib tug tiag tiag kho. Yog hais tias lawv yog molded nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg - nws yog ib tug muab ob npaug rau kev ua koob tsheej. Vim hais tias cov khoom no yog tias kom cov warmth ntawm ob txhais tes thiab lub siab lub ntsws kom lawv npaj tau. Nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb heev saj, tsis muaj kev sib piv tsis yog yuav mus rau lub semi-tiav lawm cov khoom los ntawm ib tug nyob ze khw.

Txawm cov neeg xav tias nws twb tsis tau nws lub tais, nws yuav ntev khaws cia thiab cherish lawv tus kheej qub zaub mov txawv, tsim tshiab, thiab yav tom ntej tiam yuav muaj rau keej li thiab thiaj li qab dumplings. Lub hauv paus pib ntawm tus nyeem ntawv tau hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Thiab tam sim no, uas carousing qab los noj mov, mus ua noj lub dumplings!