Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan: theem ntawm kev kawm

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan yog ib qho tu ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm cov txheej txheem uas txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev thiab kev ncaj ncees qualities ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws. Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, muaj ib co nyiaj pab thiab cov nyiaj scholarships, thiab yuav ua li cas lub teb chaws kev kawm ntawv? Tag nrho cov lus nug peb yuav teb nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev kawm ntawv system ntawm Kazakhstan

Cov kev kawm ntawv system nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan yog teem li tias lub teb chaws kev kawm cov kev pab cuam muaj peev xwm yuav muab faib ua ob hom: cov kev thiab general. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ob peb theem. Yog li ntawd, kev kawm ntawv yog elementary, theem nrab, siab dua thiab postgraduate, los yog raws li nws yog hu ua, postgraduate.

Secondary kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws (Kazakhstan)

Tag nrho cov pej xeem yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau mus nrhiav tau ib tug secondary education. Nws kuj muaj ib tug ob peb theem. Lub tswvyim ntawm nruab nrab tsim muaj xws li, thawj thiab kev kev (los yog ua hauj lwm). Lub tsev kawm ntawv lees txais cov me nyuam los ntawm rau mus rau xya xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv, muaj peb theem: thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv (thawj qib plaub), feem ntau (los ntawm lub thib tsib mus rau lub kawm qib cuaj) thiab hiob (kaum thiab kaum ib qib). Qhov tseem gifted me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav kawm tau nyob rau hauv kev kawm tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tsim rau gifted cov me nyuam, qhov chaw uas lawv yuav siab tsim lawv tej zaum.

Raws li rau ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv, cov tau txais daim ntawv lub sij hawm feem ntau yog kav ntawm ob thiab peb lub xyoos, thiab nws cov tub ntxhais hluas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv los yog ua hauj lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv (twb nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam theem nrab). Tsev kawm ntawv qib thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv tsim rau peb los yog plaub cov kev kawm.

Kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan

Rau ntau ntau kev kawm ntawv, koj yuav tsum xub tiav tsev kawm ntawv, kawm ntawv qib siab los yog lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov neeg thov tuaj tom qab hnub kawm tiav thiab nkag piab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tib xeem, uas hu ua lub UNT. Cov neeg uas tau txais kev kawm ntawv rau innovation, yuav sau lwm txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub rooj, nws yog tsim nyog los dhau ib kev xeem. Pej xeem ntawm lub koom pheej yuav tau txais tom qab ib tug muaj kev vam meej thoob ntiaj teb scholarship sib txeeb hu ua "Bolashak", uas yuav muab ib lub sij hawm kom tau kev kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws. Thaum ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, nws los ua ib tug bachelor (undergraduate yuav plaub lub xyoos ntawm txoj kev tshawb), ib tug kws (tsib xyoos) los yog Master (rau xyoo). Ob txhais Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab tsuas yog nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus muaj nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhov kev cob qhia yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau ib tug ceev pace, nyob rau hauv ob los yog peb lub xyoos.

Ua universities paub los ntawm lub Eurasian National University, Kazakh National University. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Karaganda State University thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. et al.

postgraduate kev kawm ntawv

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ib tug kws postgraduate kev cob qhia, Kazakhstan yuav tsum tshwj xeeb los sis tus tswv. Cov kev kawm no yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv kawm tiav lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab doctoral assistantship. Uas nyob ntawm lub teb chaws tej zaum yuav tau muab tom qab kawm tiav ntawm thoob ntiaj teb scholarship sib txeeb, uas lawv muaj peev xwm siv rau kev kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws. Kawm tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv kawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj 4 xyoo, pab - tsis ntau tshaj 3 xyoos, thiab doctoral feem ntau tsuas kav peb lub xyoos.

Nyiaj pab kawm ntawv thiab cov nyiaj pab

Raws li Kazakh txoj cai, tag nrho cov pej xeem yuav tau txais theem nrab thiab thawj ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv yog dawb, thiab tsuas yog rau cov nqe vaj lug kub ntawm cov kev sib tw - cov nyiaj pab dawb theem nrab ua hauj lwm, ntau dua thiab postgraduate kev kawm ntawv (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog tias qhov no yog thawj degree). Muaj kuj yog ib tug system ntawm lub xeev cov nyiaj txais. Cov kev kawm ntawv txais nyiaj yog muab tuaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib tw. Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account lub daim ntawv pov thawj cov qhab nees, uas yog muab tom qab dhau lub xeem UNT. Nyiaj pab yuav tau txais nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub preferential xaiv ntawm cov neeg uas yeej nyob rau hauv lub Olympic ua si ntawm lub koom pheej theem thiab ntau dua kev sib txeeb.

Kev kawm ntawv rau txawv teb chaws

Neeg txawv teb chaws uas mus tas li nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, yuav tau txais kev kawm ntawv raws li tau zoo raws li cov pej xeem ntawm lub koom pheej. Nws pom zoo raws li txoj cai lub moj khaum ntawm lub teb chaws, ib tug xov tooj ntawm thoob ntiaj teb sib cog lus, thiab thiaj li nyob. P. Education yog lossi evolving nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan, lub system yog zoo nyob rau hauv raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, txoj cai free kev kawm ntawv thiab tau muab lub xeev kawm ntawv yog qia-ceeb rau lub teb chaws cov pej xeem thiab rau neeg txawv teb chaws thiab cov neeg uas tsis muaj pej xeem.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Xyoo ntawm tsim ntawm Kazakhstan raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub xeev yog pib taw tes rau thaum pib ntawm lub kho kom zoo ntawm cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, feem ntau ntawm cov me nyuam kawm nyob rau hauv madrassas, qhov twg txoj kev tshawb no hais txog tsuas nrog kev cai dab qhuas tej teeb meem thiab yog heev tsawg. Ua ntej lub 1917 kiv puag ncig muaj tsuas yog ib tug ob peb lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog rau cov Kazakh thiab Lavxias teb sab lus. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, qhov teeb meem no tau hloov. Xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov koom pheej Kazakhstan nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ntawm ib tug neeg sab nraud lub xeev pib siv kho nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s muaj txog 8.5 txhiab theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau ib qho kev tso npe ntawm ntau tshaj 3 million cov me nyuam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, txog 272 000 tus menyuam kawm ntawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv 61 dua cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kazakhstan (uas kwv yees li 54 rau ib xees - lub Kazakhs, thiab 31 feem pua - Lavxias teb sab).

Nyob rau hauv 1995, nyob rau hauv raws li cov kevcai tswj ntawm lub xeev kev kawm ntawv officially los ua yuav tsum tau. Kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev pib txais neeg thov kev pab rau ib tug sib tw hauv paus.

thoob ntiaj teb kev koom tes

Education, Science, koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeev thiab thoob ntiaj teb tswj thiab patronage. Qhov no siv tau rau ob leeg theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv thiab universities.

Nyob rau hauv 2000, tsoom fwv ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Tajikistan mus ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm ib tug thoob ntiaj teb lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau muaj lub npe ntawm University of Central Asia thiab ua tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no zoo ntawm lub koom haum. Txhais tau hais tias lub koom haum yuav muaj peb lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tsev nyob tau ua nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan nyob ze ntawm lub capital.

Nyob rau hauv 2003, cov neeg Esxias Development Bank twb tau faib rau lub xeev 600 txhiab daus las rau kev them nyiaj yug. Nrog Kazakhstan nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev kawm ntawv kuj ua hauj lwm mej zeej ntawm lub sib haum xeeb Corps raws li cov neeg sawv cev uas tsis yog-tsoom fwv cov koom haum ntawm cov ua cim.

2006 yog ib xyoos ntawm kev nyob rau hauv-lub teb chaws mus xyuas los ntawm Condoleezza Rice. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws hais lus rau lub sij hawm ntawm mus ntsib mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev sau tseg lawv cov qib high theem. Raws li nws, qhov no yuav tsum ua tau ib tug zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub kev vam meej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev.

Lus kev kawm nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan

Raws li statistics, uas yog cai nyob rau hauv 2009, los ntawm ntau tshaj li 2.5 lab tus me nyuam kawm nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab, qhia lub Kazakh lus yog teem mus txog 60 feem pua, Lavxias teb sab - txog 35 feem pua, thiab Uzbek - 3 feem pua. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob qhov twg qhia yog ua nyob rau hauv lub official lus, yog tam sim no loj hlob.

Yog li, ntau tshaj li 60% ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab 48% ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm nyob rau hauv lub Kazakh nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2009.

Kev kawm ntawv Minister ntawm Kazakhstan muab sau nyob rau hauv 2010 hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis tau kaw los ntawm lub xeev. Tsuas yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv cov niam txiv muaj peev xwm xaiv lub tsev kawm ntawv xa lawv cov me nyuam yuav tsum. Lub Minister of Education kuj kos mloog mus rau lub fact tias cov Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm kev qhia ntawv yog kwv yees li 30% ntawm theem nrab tsev kawm ntawv, thiab qhov no daim duab yog tau deb los yog me me.

Txij li thaum 2010, lub teb chaws tus keeb kwm txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv Kazakh tsev kawm ntawv yog officially xwb nyob rau hauv Kazakh.

Twb tau nyob rau 2011, lub statistics pom tias lub xov tooj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm uas yog kawm nyob rau hauv lub official lus ntawm ntau tshaj 300,000 (ntau tshaj 50% ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm).

Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws txug kev kawm haiv neeg Kazakh yog hais tias nws muab ib tug pass kom tau cov nyiaj pab rau kev kawm ntawv, yeej txhawb nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, nrog rau cov tsoom fwv thiab xyaum raws li txoj cai.

Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub koom pheej lwm yam tshaj li rau lub xeev cov lus, kuj tau qhia nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv tej zaum yuav Tajik, Uzbek thiab Uighur. Txawm li cas los, lawv cov kawm tiav yuav xaiv cov lus nyob rau hauv uas mus dhau ib ib qho kev xeem. Tab sis cov xaiv yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab los yog Kazakh.

Txheeb cais 2014 qhia lub tswv yim uas nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab universities, cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm ntau tshaj li 50% xaiv cov nom lus. Qhov no hais lus nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus popularization ntawm lub Kazakh lus nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawv system.