Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tebchaws ntawm Kyrgyzstan

Dobaev KD, Ph.D., xib fwb Director TSPPO Kao

Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm credit technology ntawm cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv tebchaws ntawm Kyrgyzstan

Raws li txoj cai ntawm tsoom fwv hauv lub Kyrgyz koom pheej nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 2011, "Nyob rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug ob-theem qauv ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Kyrgyz koom pheej" universities tsiv mus rau ib tug ob-theem system ntawm kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Cov tib cai cai rau kev hloov mus credit technology kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv theem nrab thiab siab dua ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv.

Tam sim no universities yuav npaj bachelors thiab masters, tsuas yog rau tej yam specialties. Thiab txoj kev ua no yog xav paub ntxiv los yog tsawg dua ntshiab. Muaj yog lwm qhov teeb meem, uas yog tus neeg txhais lus ntawm tag nrho system ntawm kev kawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv credit technology. Yuav ua li cas yog lub essence thiab dab tsi yog qhov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawv system? Nws yog tsim nyog los hais ib zaug hais tias qhov no yog ib tug tshiab paradigm ntawm kev kawm ntawv, ib tug tshiab kab lis kev cai ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub credit system peb txav deb ntawm cov tsoos uas twb muaj lawm system, thaum ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm mus rau hauv chav kawm ntawv. Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv mus rau cov sij hawm ib hnub twg yuav tsum tau tuaj koom cov pab pawg neeg kawm ntawv los yog qhuab qhia. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog tus kwv uas raug tus kab mob, qhov chaw uas nws raug txib ib tug passive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm. Rau cov tub kawm los mus txiav txim yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam cov chav kawm ntawv nws yuav tsum mus thiab yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam xeem thiab kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum yuav laug tshaj mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub semester. Tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis muaj cai thim ntawm lub chav kawm, txhua yam yuav tsum tau mus nruj me ntsis rau cov ntaub ntawv kawm, lub sij hawm, raws li lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev kawm.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug credit system ntawm kev kawm rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yog muab txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv ntawm kev kawm ntawv kev kawm, kev kawm thiab txawm ib tug xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb zaj lus qhia tus menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais ib tug syllabus nrog tag nrho complex teeb meem, paub tab, assignments, kev ntsuam xyuas rau tus kheej-kev soj ntsuam, thiab kev pab cuam no tseem hu ua lub "syllabus". Lo lus syllabus rau peb ib cov tswvyim tshiab. Muaj ntau cov kws qhia ntawv tseem tsis tau paub txog tej yam Cheebtsam ntawm lub syllabus thiab yog li ntawd ntseeg tau hais tias lub syllabus yog tib yam ua hauj lwm qhov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws tsis yog. Cov ua hauj lwm cov kev pab cuam twb kos npe rau lub department, cov thawj coj nai khu lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tus qauv ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm cov kev pab cuam yog ib yam: cov ntsiab lus, cov xov tooj ntawm cov sij hawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ib tug lub npe, daim ntawv teev cov neeg ua tim khawv. Qhov no daim ntawv yuav tsum tau lub Department mus saib xyuas thiab taug qab qhov kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm.

Syllabus npaj rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab nws yog teem rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Txhua tus menyuam kawm tau txais ib tug syllabus ntawm thawj zaj lus qhia. Syllabus tej zaum yuav ua rau tus tib kawm kev qhuab qhia los yog kev kawm module. Syllabus yog zoo li ib yam ntawm cov itinerary thiab thiaj li cov me nyuam kawm ntawv ib txoj kev kawm ua si ua raws li syllabus. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus syllabus yog, rau ib co raws li, ib daim ntawv qhia rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm qhuab qhia los sis module. Thiab yog li ntawd muaj yog tib yam zoo thiab qauv ntawm cov syllabus. Txhua syllabus yog cim thiab qhia rau ib lub hom phiaj rau cov tsim ntawm tej yam txawj. Tus kws qhia ntawv ua xwb raws li ib tug kws pab tswv yim los coj cov menyuam kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm. Cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav ua mus xauj los yog ncab nws yog kev lom zem rau ib tug ob peb xyoos. Koj puas xav mus kawm - thiab kawm, tsis yog - koj ua lag ua luam.

Tus thawj puas tau ntsib nrog dab tsi xibfwb cob qhia rau credit technology - yog tsis muaj sij hawm. Yog hais tias cov zaj lus qhia ntawm cov laus technology, lasted yuav luag ib nrab ib teev, yog tam sim no txog tsib caug feeb. Lub fact tias lub xeev kev kawm ntawv cov qauv, tab sis yog twv li raws li nyob rau tsis txawj txaus, tab sis yog cov tsoos daim ntawv, ntxhais no yog tsim rau ob kev kawm teev, tam sim no peb yuav tau sib ntsib nrog lawv nyob rau hauv tsawg lub sij hawm. Txhua kawm qhuab qhia los sis module muaj los ntawm ib tug mus rau kaum credits. Raws li tsoom fwv cov kev cai, qhov chaw uas qiv nyiaj yog txhais nyob rau hauv 30 teev, nrog rau 20 teev ntawm yuav mus nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv, pab pawg neeg zaug thiab kaum teev rau kev sib tham, ywj siab thiab ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lub sij hawm siab muab lectures nyob rau hauv ib tug ib txwm style, xws li kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub highlights ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia - yog ua tsis tsim nyog. Credit kev kawm ntawv technology puas mus nrog cov laus txoj kev ntawm lecturing, thiab lawv hloov los ntawm ib tug yeej nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau lub qhuab qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas, uas yog, los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus qhuab qhia yuav tsum teem-indicative. Ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm ib tug passive mloog yuav ib tug active koom, tab sis, theej ib tug accomplice lectures. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tus menyuam kawm ntawv twb paub cov kev kawm, vim hais tias cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes nws muaj ib tug syllabus, thiab tej zaum muaj ib txhia kev cai ntawm lub qhuab qhia txog tej yam nws paub, Ntxiv nws muaj ib lo lus nug rau tus xibfwb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws motivates cov me nyuam kawm ntawv rau kev kawm, tab sis kuj yog ib tug xib fwb qhia ntawv kev kub siab yuav zoo dua. Lub sij hawm thaum tus kws qhia tuaj, reprimanded thiab sab laug tsis tau xav nyob rau hauv lub assimilation ntawm cov qhuab qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv lub dhau los lawm.

Tus tshiab daim ntawv ntawm cov kev kawm no yuav muaj kev losis tswvyim dabtsi khoom thiab kev cov khoom, computer chav kawm ntawv, multimedia, Internet, satellite TV, ib tug loj tsev qiv ntawv. Nws yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm yuav nrhiav qhov nthuav cov khoom, mus rau lub computer lab thiab ua ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, nyob rau hauv no hwm, peb universities zoo teeb meem. Cov thawj thiab foremost teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tsis tsim tus tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, thiab cov xib fwb. Muaj ntau universities yog zoo tsis muaj niaj hnub lub computer cov chav nrog dawb Internet. Thiab nyob qhov twg muaj cov chav kawm ntawv lub sij hawm, los ntawm 7 mus rau 18 teev tsaus ntuj, los yog cov nyob rau ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv yog ib tug zoo teeb meem rau feem ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ib txhia universities tsis txawm muaj koj tus kheej qhov chaw. Thiab yog hais tias muaj yog ib yam dab tsi nws tsis tau ua hauj lwm, uas yog, peb yuav xa mus rau yog tsis tau tshiab, thiab lwm yam Meanwhile, thaum credit technology txhua txhua tus kws qhia ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav tsum muaj ib tug Internet kev twb kev txuas.

Lwm tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb cov teeb meem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Yuav ua li cas peb txhais li cas? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, "zakovannost" kev kawm ntawv, nws cov slowness, detachment los ntawm cov tiag tiag tau ntawm scientific thiab cov kev txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob, ruaj khov kev kawm disciplines xyoo lawm, tsoos le caag los lub koom haum ntawm kev kawm ntawv, piv txwv li lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv raws kev coj tsis mus rau tsim ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab hais tau zoo lub sijhawm mus tob zuj zus rau hauv lub dav thiab kev kawm tshwj xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse, thiab kev kawm cov khoom siv rau lub xeem thiab kev ntsuam xyuas, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tau diplomas, koto s can tsis siv los ntawm nws tus kheej txawj ntse, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb peb tau tsiv nyob rau hauv credit technology, uas yuav tsum muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Thaum kev faib ua feem ntawm credit technology ywj siab thiab ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm tau zus ho, thiab yog li ntawd txoj kev kawm yuav tsum tau ib lub koom haum thiaj li mus muab lub siab tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau ywj siab thiab ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Nws seem seb lub sij hawm rau nws, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj yuav yuav txaus ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ntawm cov thawj cov hoob kawm yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog watching thiab soaking tom qab teev Jota mus rau tsib lub sij hawm ib hnub twg? Peb tsis xav txog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los noj, tau mus rau lub tsev, thiab lwm yam Nws tseem mus pov ntawm tag nrho cov ua, uas yog dab tsi cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Lawv cia li mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab zaum lawv.

Cov tom ntej no qhov teeb meem yog cov tsis tshua muaj heev theem ntawm tsev qha ntawv. Feem ntau cov "pervoshey" yuav luag tsis muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm neeg sab nraud txoj kev kawm ua ub no yog tsis tsim ntawm ib tug txaus theem nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv. Tsis muaj cov kev txawj ntse mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov loj-scientific phau ntawv thiab feem ntau tsim nyob rau nws tsis txawj txaus, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev vam meej kev kawm nyob rau hauv ntau dua kev kawm system. Peb yuav tsis sau tag nrho cov tsis zoo ntawm cov kev kawm, tiam sis tsuas yog hais tias cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yog tsis tsawg tshaj li ob-feem-peb ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Ib yam yog tseeb - ntau dua kev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam rau ntau tus neeg tham lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas kawm nyob rau hauv thawj cov hoob kawm, "thiab tawv", thiab txawm ntau li ntawd thaum tus menyuam kawm ntawv raws li lub credit system nws tus kheej yuav tsum txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej paradigm ntawm kev kawm ua ub no. thawj lem yuav tsum raug qhia kom paub. Qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev paub nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus tsis tau. Yog li ntawd, cov me nyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum paub kom to taub tias nws hais txog kev txawj ntse raws li kev txawj ntse ntawm lub txwv zeej txwv koob cov ancient Greek philosopher Socrates: "Kuv paub hais tias kuv paub tsis muaj dab tsi," tab sis vim kuv xav paub. Kawm txawj raug nteg thaum lub sij hawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo, tab sis raws li xyaum qhia tau hais tias, lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis txaus siab no lub hom phiaj. Peb yuav tsum tau mus kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm technology. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub Ministry of Education nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog rau cov Kyrgyz Academy of Education noj qhob cov kauj ruam kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv thiab ua kom kev kawm technologies, tab sis "tej yam uas yog muaj." Thaum peb tham txog kom txhob muaj qhov ntim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam, peb feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab lub kev yuav txo tau ntawm cov neeg los yog lwm yam kev kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Lub Reformers ntawm kev kawm ntawv yuav tsis to taub hais tias kev txo los sis nce nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm yuav tsis hloov dab tsi hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm. Peb yuav tsum tau ib tug tshaj dhau es rov ntawm tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, kev hloov mus rau cov ntaub ntawv kawm muaj ib lub caij nyoog hloov tag nrho paradigm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv. tiam sis hmoov tsis raws li lub siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia tau hais tias nyiam qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab nws muab tawm raws li ib txwm. Thiab qhov no yog vim unprofessional mus kom ze, unprofessional neeg yog siv ib tug kawm ntawv mus kom ze nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv. Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej tej yam loj hloov nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis tsim. Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj rau cov tsev kawm ntawv?

Thawj. Nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib ob cov hoob kawm rau ntxiv dag zog kawm dav dav, tej zaum nws tsis yog neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis yog tsis muaj lwm txoj kev. Kohl koj nia thiab cuv npe kawm rau thawj lub xyoo yog tias koj thov kom tau lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov chaw, vim hais tias thaum lub undergraduate txawm ARRANGEMENT cov xib fwb twb tsis kev thiab tshwj xeeb disciplines cov no pes tsawg. Nws yog tsis xav lawv hais tias "Ua ntej asu thiab beeches, thiab ces science."

Ob txhais. Ncej nres txais thiab tso tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv ntau dua thiab ua hauj lwm kev kawm ntawv. Txaus tsim tiav lumpen yog tsis nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam. Txaus mus sau npe kawm menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm tag nrho thiab sundry. Lub fact tias cov Ministry of Education txhua xyoo yog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus Harbor rau kev txais neeg kawm raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ORT, nyob rau hauv peb lub tswv yim yog ib tug mechanism uas tsuas ua rau kom cov kev noj nyiaj txiag tivthaiv nyob rau hauv kev tso npe nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev. Txhua tus neeg uas xav kom tau yuav zwm rau hauv lawv nyob rau hauv high school kawm. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub tau ntawm ORT yuav tsis muab ib lub hom phiaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm txoj kev kawm tau ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv. ORT ntsuas tsuas yog ib qho muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv cov zajlus kom xav, tab sis tsis paub hais tias muaj tau Acquired thaum lub sij hawm nws lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo nyob rau ib yam kev kawm. Yog li ntawd, thaum cuv npe nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account ntau yam, xws li tiag tiag thiab hais txog kev txawj ntse. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, kev qhia tau hais tias yog xav paub ntau tshaj ib xyoo caum ntawm kev raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev cuv npe ORT zoo kawm ntawv qib siab tsis tau zoo tuaj, tab sis tau poob sharply.

Peb yuav tsis tiv thaiv ORT, tiam sis tsuas yog raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ORT cuv npe kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev yog suav tias yog tsis txaus. ORT nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws tso cai zoo, raws li ib tug ntawm cov yuav tsum tau kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev kawm ntawv tau ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Thib peb. Rau npe, tawm tswv yim thiab saib xyuas cov menyuam kawm ntawv kev kawm tau yuav tsum tau kom meej meej ua hauj lwm tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug credit system. Thaum kev kawm ntawv departments los ua ib tug pem hauv ntej lub rooj, nyob qhov twg ntau ntawm lub zog ntawm kev kawm ntawv kev tswj tseem tau pauv mus rau qhov no department. Pem hauv ntej lub rooj muab:

- nyob rau ntawm cov lus qhia txog tus kheej thiab kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm;

- lub sij hawm rau tag nrho cov destinations;

- semester kev cob qhia thiab kom ntseeg tau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sau npe menyuam kawm ntawv rau kev thov kev kawm;

- kev saib xyuas ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm them nqi kawm ntawv;

- tswj ntawm kev kawm ntawv nce qib ntawm me nyuam kawm ntawv;

- npaj rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm;

- rau cov kabke uas degrees thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv;

- Txhua hnub ua hauj lwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia;

- lub tsev lag luam thiab cov txij nkawm ntawm databases;

- kev npaj ntawm statistical thiab analytical cov ntaub ntawv rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud siv;

- txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm nrhav kev txhim kho lub system;

- txoj kev loj hlob cov lus qhia.

Lub department yuav tsum ua hauj lwm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm peb cov neeg - lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev, sector coordinator sij hawm thiab sau npe thiab cov kws databases. Yog hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv yog me me, ces tsuas yog ib sau npe card, thiab yog hais tias ib tug loj tsev kawm ntawv - nyob rau hauv txhua tus kws qhia ntawv, piv txwv li dean ntawm ceg koj lub zog hloov nyob rau hauv lub npe department.

Plaub. Zoo tiag thiab kev txhawb rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Yuav ua li cas peb txhais hais tias - zoo tswv yim rau cov me nyuam. Lub koom haum yuav tsum muaj ib tug zoo system ntawm kev noj kev haus kev pab rau cov me nyuam kawm ntawv, uas yuav pab lawv kom tau tus tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev pab, raws li zoo raws li pab kom paub lawv kev kawm lub hom phiaj. Cov xib fwb thiab lwm yam neeg ua hauj lwm lub luag hauj lwm rau nqa tawm no ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab raws sij hawm qhia thiab npaj mus ua lawv txoj hauj lwm. Obligatory xub ntiag ntawm tag nrho cov kev pab yuav tsum tau mus ua kom tiav kev pab tswv yim rau cov menyuam, tsis hais txog ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv cov kev kawm.