Lavxias teb sab paj huam Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev: nyuag Phau ntawv sau, creativity thiab lub neej zaj dabneeg

Lub Minister of Justice, ib tug muaj koob statesman thiab ib tug zoo kws sau paj lug yug nyob rau hauv Simbirsk, nyob rau hauv lub tsaws tsev neeg. Nws lub npe yog Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. Luv luv biography qhia zaj dab neeg txog ib tug es hnyav thaum ntxov lub neej thiab hauj lwm. Lub xeev ntawm nws niam nws txiv twb chim Pugachovskim ntxeev siab, yog li ntawm kaum plaub, Ivan los ua tus zoo tib yam Semenov tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

thaum yau

Tub loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib lub zos nyob ze Syzran, me ntsis kawm nyob rau hauv Kazan thiab Simbirsk, qhov twg nws nyob rau hauv nce tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis tus tub ntawm tsev neeg yog tsis rub kev cob qhia, thiab Ivan rov qab mus rau lub zos, nyob qhov twg ua kom tiav lawv kev kawm rau lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, nws mastered rau lub Fabkis hais lus, cia li nyeem ntawv thiab txhais lus rau tag nrho ntawm cov dab neeg uas nyob hauv lub niam txiv tsev qiv ntawv. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, ib tug luv luv biography uas yuav tsis haum ob leeg tus yau kws sau paj lug tej hauj lwm zoo, yog ib tug heev tseem ceeb.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws nyiam fables ntawm La Fontaine, uas nws txhais tsis tsuas cov descenders, tab sis kuj tsim cov kos duab, nrog rau cov lus sib dhos. Yog li ntawd ntxim nws fables, nws sim compose lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv 1774, Ivan demanded mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Semenov tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, qhov uas nws tau kaw ob xyoos dhau los, thiab nws tawm rau St. Petersburg.

Lug txhawb cov miv yog heev fond ntawm kev lom zem, tab sis heev disciplined tub hluas, ib tug zoo kawg nkaus storyteller, thiab txawm ib tug kws sau paj lug. Cov coos dab neeg nws yuav qhia muaj nuj nqis, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog heev luv luv. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog lub npe hu txawm mus schoolchildren tsis yog kom soj ntsuam los ntawm peb cov contemporaries, vim hais tias yog thaum lub sij hawm uas niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus loj hlob tawm ntawm dab tsi peb tam sim no hu rau archaic.

Thwj tim thiab cov pib ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim txoj kev

Nyob rau hauv 1783 nws rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg NM Karamzin. Ivan tau ntsib nrog cov txawj sau ntawv mus rau leej twg yuav luag nyob rau hauv awe, lawv yog feem ntau tau ntsib thiab tham txog cov phau ntawv uas lawv nyeem, mus koom ua yeeb yam ua ke, xav txog ib tsab ntawm nws cov magazine. Tom qab ib tug thaum Karamzin yeej nrhiav tau lub "Moscow Journal", muaj tau luam tawm kwv huam Dmitrieva.

Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich (1760-1837) nyuag Phau ntawv sau qhia tau hais tias nws yog ib tug thwj tim ntawm N. M. Karamzina. Judging los ntawm cov writings, nws yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev thiab nws cov thwjtim. Nyob rau hauv 1777 nws pib nws poetic txoj kev, thaum "St. Petersburg zaum Gazette" luam tawm nws thawj zaj paj huam. Txawm li cas los, cov kws sau paj lug rau nws tus kheej tsis xav txog qhov no thaum pib: txhua yam uas nws sau ua ntej 1791, hu ua npe sib dhos tas.

txawj koob meej

Tab sis lub song, "moans nquab nquab", nws tau xws chaw nyob rau hauv 1792, uas yog tsis yog ib tug yuav tsum tau coj tus. Tsis tas li ntawd satirical taleas "Fashionable poj niam" yog tseem heev lug sib tham nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau voj voog. Dmitriev yog tus muaj leej twg paub tus tswv ntawm rhiab nqe lus no, tag nrho cov hom ntawm toj roob hauv pes paj huam - epigrams, madrigals, cia li ntawv. Nws kuj sau satires thiab fables, uas txaus siab rau mloog thiab hais dab lub Lavxias teb sab pej xeem.

Peb contemporaries nws yog ib nqi recalling tias, txawm hais tias siv Dmitriev qub Derzhavin suab ntawm lub xyoo pua, tab sis nws coj mus rau Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ib tug ntau ntawm nws tus kheej thiab ib tug kiag li tshiab, xws li ib tug poetic sib tham, irony, tsev neeg cov khoom (tsis tsim nyog ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv "high style"), thiab ua tsis tau kuv shied deb ntawm lub fullness ntawm lub neej uas dhau lawm yog tsis peculiar rau lub paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm. Tab sis cov lus, yog, laus-fashioned, nrog allegories, uas yuav tsum tau maj mam unravel, nrog ib tug sensual txav los nyob ze, txawm hais tias nrog tag nrho cov uas style twb honed thiab ci ntsa iab.

lus dab neeg kev tshawb fawb

Raws li hais saum toj no, tag nrho cov accustomed mus cuag nws lub siab Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. Luv luv biography qhia rau peb hais tias muaj no tsuas muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws siv tag nrho nws lub neej, thiab kawm ntawv no - folk kos duab. Txij thaum yau, nws twb attracted Lavxias teb sab song, nws txawm sim ua kom nws tus kheej collections. Nws kawm cov ntawv, cim lawv cov yam ntxwv, composition, cov qauv, cov ntsiab lus.

Tej zaum qhov no pab tau Dmitriev sau zaj nkauj uas hu nkauj nyob rau hauv txhua txhua chav tsev nyob, "Sizyi nquab", "ntsia, nqos ..." "Oh, thaum kuv tau paub ua ntej ...". lawv yog cov tag nrho zoo heev rau cov imitation ntawm lub qub songs. Cov kev sau ntawv version ntawm lawv novellicheski tau ua, uas yog, narratively, nrog tus yeeb yam nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub nyob ntsiag to, cov mos mos lawm, lub teeb xim kev tu siab. Nws tseem yog vim hais tias contemporaries muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab, hais tias ntawm Dmitriev tus kwv huam tau zoo roughness thiab sharpness ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem kab zauv. Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv txaus siab thiab yuav luag tam sim ntawd sau ntawv mus rau cov suab paj nruag los ntawm xws li nto moo composers li Verstovsky, Dubyansky, Zhuchkovsky.

Tus thawj sau los ntawm zaj nkauj

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, ib tug luv luv biography uas qhia zaj dab neeg txog nws li ib txwm zoo thiab maj mam lom zem, luam tawm nws sau nyob rau hauv 1796 thiab muaj npe nws "Thiab kuv trinkets" tom qab ntawv ntawm Karamzin phau ntawv "Kuv trifles". Yog li ntawd zoo nkauj, raws li ib tug dag, nws hais tias, uas tseem nws considers nws tus kheej ib tug thwj tim ntawm tus zoo tswv.

"Hnab tshos Songbook" uas tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb qhov chaw: Tus thawj seem - tus neeg sau ntawm lub song, tus thawj (GR Derzhavin, VV Kapnist, M. M. Heraskov, II Dmitriev, YOG Bogdanovich thiab lwm tus neeg ); feem thib ob - raws li lub nrov saj; peb - purely hais lus phem lyrics.

Qhov no compound folk, kev sau ntawv thiab kho purely txawj zaj nkauj nyob rau hauv ib lub nkoj qab thus thiab cim biography Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha. Ntsiab lus ntawm cov nkauj los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm tus sau - compiler ntawm no sau, koj yuav kis tau li no: lawv txog tej inexhaustibility springs pej xeem song creation. Lawv suab zoo li lub song txuas ntxiv wealth ntawm Russia: dab neeg, paub cov ntsiab lus, dluab ntawm nws zaj nkauj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau tsim nyog rau peb raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib tug tig lub sij hawm ntawm tawm hauv cov lus.

sentimentalism

Thaum lub lem ntawm lub xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Russia tau tuaj ib tug tshiab kev sau ntawv sib - sentimentalism. Classicism zuj zus txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, cov ntaub ntawv, suab paj nruag, nrag nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm dhau tus chim nyob ze nroog lub neej thiab kev vam meej nyob rau hauv kev. Thiab peb kws sau paj lug yog npaum li cas los ze zog mus rau lub ntuj ib txwm hais, yog dab tsi pheej hais cov biography ntawm Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha.

Synopsis sentimentalism: lawm, tsis yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau chanting, ntshiab thiab untroubled. Ntawm no thiab Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv tau muab mus rau qhov, Karamzin thiab Dmitriev, zoo soj ntsuam tag nrho cov European kev hloov uas yuav tsum tau ua ib tug tshiab kev coj. Txawm li cas los, sai sai muab rau nws thiab tsiv tawm.

Los ntawm zaj nkauj - Odes rau

Imitation pej xeem zaj nkauj coj cov kws sau paj lug lub koob meej, tab sis yeej tsis tau siav nws, ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib yam nkaus thiab uas tsis yog-tus kheej, thiab kev tu siab, kev nco pheej nyob rau hauv lub folk song, yog tsis peculiar rau no zoo siab tus neeg.

Dmitriev yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm muaj lus zoo siab, tab sis tsis muaj lub slightest unruliness, dawb huv thiab industrious neeg pluag. Nyob rau qhov no thiab qhia tau hais tias xws li ib tug heev kev coj tsis ncaj tus txiv neej zoo li Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, ib tug luv luv biography. Creativity hais lus rau nws tus kheej, txawm hais tias tej zaum misleads tus nyeem ntawv. Piv txwv li, thaum nws nyeem kwv huam Dmitrieva rau lub delights, wine thiab tsaus ntuj nti yam taw tes uas, nws tsis yog hais txog cov neeg sau ntawv. Nws yog ib tug tribute rau lub zam ntawm lub sij hawm. Lub bohemian sau thiab tsis "tsaug zog".

Ces Dmitriev addicted rau Odes, tsim ib tug txawv kiag li yam ntawm nws, tsis nyiam Lomonosov, uas tag nrho cov tseem thiab xyaum. Lub Odes Dmitrieva nyiaj muas ploj, tab sis tseem siab pathos. Cov no yog cov Ode "Nyob rau hauv Volga", "Ermak", "Liberation ntawm Moscow". Poetic hais lus yuav ntau yam, muaj yog lyricism, nws nyob ntawm no tias nws thiaj li sprout grain yav tom ntej elegies, thiab tej zaum tag nrho ntawm Lavxias teb sab Romanticism.

Fabulist thiab storyteller

Dmitriev - lub kws sau paj lug heev multifaceted. Ntog hauv hlub nrog La Fontaine txij thaum yau, nws tiam sis tseem "recreate" lub classic dab neeg, nws los tshwm rau nws ib tug qauv hom yog Lavxias teb sab dab neeg, qhov twg es tsis txhob ntawm lub niaj zaus moralism suab tus sau txoj hauj lwm nrog rau nws tus kheej taw tes ntawm view. Qhov xwm ntawm tus witty, nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem, nws tau enriched lub comic ua si exquisite subtlety. Qhov no dab neeg, rau Piv txwv li, yog "Bee, Bumblebee thiab kuv". Fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, ib tug luv luv biography uas hais no ib yam nkaus thiab, tau muaj kev tswj los mus ua ib tug tho kev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam, rau cov uas nws undertook.

Thiab tales Dmitrieva tsis fabulousness, dab tsi yog nws ib tug fairy taleas? Qhov no yog ib tug heev witty nqe novels los ntawm nws tiam no. "Fairy Tale", "Duab", "Fashionable poj niam" - tag nrho cov uas yog sau nyob rau hauv no txoj kev. Cov kws sau paj lug piav cov hauj lwm tales vim hais tias lawv tsis xav mus rau offend lawv, kaw nws lub satire nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau mitigate, los ntawm renaming nws mus rau ib tug fairy taleas.

afterword

Dmitrieva dab neeg no muaj tau siv los ntawm ntau lwm yam paj huam thiab sau ntawv. Piv txwv li, A. S. Pushkin yog portrayed Ivan nyob rau hauv nws "Tus tauj ncov loj ntxhais". Duab Grinyova yog zus los ntawm tus neeg kws sau paj lug txij thaum yau kaw nyob rau hauv lub tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Dmitriev kuj hais tias tus poj poet thiab Pugachev txim, uas nws pom nws tus kheej. Thiab txawm "txiv ntxawm feem ntau ncaj ncees kev cai" - kuj Demethi-aus, thiab nws muaj ib tug ntxhais, txais tos nrog, raws li zoo raws li tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov zoo phooj ywg yog Dmitriev kuv S Vasiliem Lvovichem - txiv ntxawm ntawm Alexander.

Hais txog Dmitriev raws li ib tug reformer, sau VG Belinsky, xav tias nws lub installer lus, nrog rau Karamzin Karamzin tsuas ua li no nyob rau hauv prose, thiab Dmitriev pib lub lag luam nyob rau hauv Pushkin tus nqe. Zhukovsky sau hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab poetic saj teem Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich. Luv biography rau cov me nyuam no dhau lawm qhia. Nws txoj hmoo zoo siab, chaw ua hauj lwm, tej yam uas mus txig, nrog nce coj qhov chaw tsis muaj lub slightest laub los ntawm nws ib sab. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm zoo fortune tau txuas decency, ua siab ncaj, generosity, ncaaj nceeg, zog ua hauj lwm thiab qhov kev tshawb rau cov tshiab paths.