Leej twg yog cov Aryans? Culture, hais lus

Leej twg yog cov Aryans? Lo lus nug no stirs minds niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los, nws tseem sov ua licas yuav to taub lub keeb kwm buffs. Nws los ua yam thaum Adolf Hitler nyob rau hauv Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lub German kev tshawb xav ntawm "dawb huv haiv neeg" - ib tug rau txim ntawm uas tsis soj ntsuam Max Muller - tseem haunts ib txhia neeg. Ib txhia xa mus rau nws tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, lwm leej lwm tus sim mus nrhiav ib tug grain ntawm qhov tseeb. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, lwm yam lus nug: "Leej twg yog cov Slavic-Aryans?" Nws twb heev ras los ntawm kev historians, sociologists thiab kev nom kev tswv kws tshawb fawb. Peb yuav sim los tseem xam qhov twg nws mus no lub sij hawm thiab yog leej twg Aryans.

Lub tswvyim ntawm "Slavs"

Peb yuav sim los yog vim li cas objectively, peb yuav hais tias, los ntawm ib tug scientific point of view, raws li tag nrho cov legitimately hais tias. Slavs - qhov no haiv neeg, tsis yog cov neeg. Qhov txawv yog tias nyob rau hauv lub haiv neeg yog hais txog mus rau lub totality ntawm cov neeg uas qhia ntau keeb kwm keeb kwm. Thaum pib ntawm tus 1 txhiab AD, lub Slavs Ville yog muab faib ua peb ceg: lub sab hnub poob (. Sovr Kashubians Sorbs, lub Czechs, Slovaks, thiab lwm tus neeg.), Yav qab teb (tam sim no lub Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, etc ...), Eastern (tam sim no Lavxias teb sab ,. Ukrainians, Belarusians). Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub npe ntawm ntau yam historians yog sib txawv: .. Antes, sklaviny lwm yam Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tsis muaj txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv rau ib tug hluas praslyavyanskoy neeg. Hais txog qhov kev xwb yog vim li cas nws linguists raws li tus tsom xam ntawm cov lus sib thooj thiab sib txawv. Nws yog rau lawv yog txiav txim los ntawm lub approximate sib cais ntawm ib pab pawg neeg los ntawm lwm yam Slavs, tus ntawm lwm haiv neeg, roob hav, thiab hais txog. D. Muaj yog tsis muaj tiag paub txog, leej twg xav siv lub sij hawm "Slavic-Aryans" nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Yog vim li cas qhov no tswvyim hais ua dabneeg? Peb yuav sim kom to taub.

Myths xwb thiab kev muaj tiag

Lub ob yog tsis muaj feem xyuam rau txhua lwm yam ntsiab lus - lub "Slavs" thiab "Aria" - coj ua ke ib yam Alexander Khinevich. Nws cov thwjtim tau raug kev txom nyem lub tswv yim mus rau lub masses. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Slavs thiab Aryans - yog tib yam incongruous tswv yim, xws li "Daj - txias," Kuv nyiam lub tswv yim ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, nws yog nkag mus rau hauv tej chaw "rodoverstvo" t. E. Cov ntseeg nyob rau hauv pog koob yawg koob. Nyob rau hauv lub zam sib sau dua tshiab daim qhia hnub hli, hnub caiv, lub sij hawm aav, idioms, etc. Muaj yog ib qho kev piav qhia: .. Communism, nrog nws cov rejection ntawm Christianity spawned ob peb tiam ntawm spiritless, uas tsis kam hloov mus rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv nws lub rooj txhawb siab. Thiab "Slav-Aryans" tuaj nyob rau ntawm ib opportune lub sij hawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug tshiab kev ntseeg, neo-paganism, los ua "muaj tseeb" lwm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tig mus rau hauv ib tug tawm tsam ntawm cov pej xeem system. Thiab nws attracts hluas romantics txhua lub sij hawm. Muab pov rau hauv cov rejection uas morality, rituals - thiab peb muaj lub zoo meej kev ntseeg. Central Tenet - "peb yog cov ntseeg, tab sis peb tsis tau dab tsi" - ua lub tswv yim txaus nyiam neo-paganism. Tiv thaiv no tom qab, lub tswv yim yog tsis cia li mus impress "rodoverstva" thiab cov Slavic-Aryan yog tsis yooj yim.

Leej twg yog cov Arias

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov tswvyim no pib nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm peb pib tau distorted translations ntawm Indian Shastra. Loj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem mus rau Arthur Avalon, uas xub pib mus tshawb no lub npe. Lub loj heev muaj koob meej ntawm tus sau coj mus rau lossis xyaum nquag li txoj kev loj hlob, tsawg feemxyuam, uas pib rau replicate lub "nov ntawm nqaij tawv" nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm.

Nws assumes uas lub Aryans - ib zaug xwb haiv neeg, lub teb chaws, yog erroneous. Lub Indian shastras tiag tiag hais txog ib co tib pranarode, uas yog supposedly lub txwv zeej txwv koob tag nrho cov qub neeg. Qhov no lub tswv yim twb tsim Frenchman Arthur de Gobineau, uas tsim cov tawv nqaij ziag no. Nws hu ua lub Aryans raws li ib tug neeg, los ntawm leej twg tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus tau tshwm sim. Lub tswv yim yog tsis yog nrov, thiab loj-scale txoj kev loj hlob nrog lub hwj chim ntawm Adolf Hitler. Nws kho cov haiv neeg txoj kev xav, hais tias lub superiority ntawm lub Germans tshaj tag nrho lwm leej lwm tus, thiab lub Germans muaj nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm ncaj "ntshiab" xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, tsis zoo li lwm tus - "qias neeg, ib nrab-blooded."

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis muaj zoo li no tshaj plaws li Aryans (Aryan), nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau ib tug ib lub teb chaws tsis muaj nyob. Ces qhov twg myths xwb tuaj los? Leej twg yog cov Aryans? Lawv tsis tuaj nrog cov tib artificially.

Nyob rau hauv lub ancient vaults ntawm Indian cai - "Manavadharmashastre", lub sij hawm "Arya" yog txhais li "noble". Yog li ntawd hu ua raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub siab dua castes - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, vaisyas. . Qhov ntawd yog, peb ntau dua castes pranaroda, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub parlance - lub "qab zib ntawm cov haiv neeg". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Aryans, cov neeg kuj muaj ob tug lwm caste - Sudra thiab chandala.

Arius - phooj ywg los yog foe?

Dua li no, lub admissibility ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug ntau Indo-European neeg yog tsis tso tseg. Muaj ntau European thiab Esxias lus nyob ze rau txhua lwm yam. Lawv tag nrho cov yuav mus rau lub Indo-European pab pawg neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav lam xav tias muaj ib tug tseem ib lub teb chaws. Historians ntseeg hais tias qhov no notion yuav tsum raug xam tias yog raws li ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm ancient Iranian pab pawg neeg. Cia "Aryan" yog txhais los ntawm ancient hom lus raws li ib tug "cov phooj ywg." Thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li tus "yeeb ncuab". Tus txheem lub ntsiab lus ntawm tib lo lus - ib qho kev xyaum ntawm ancient hom lus. E. Nws yuav yog ib tug phooj ywg los yog ib tug yeeb ncuab. Tej zaum nws yog ib tug txiv neej los ntawm lwm pawg neeg. Qhov ntawd yog Aryan -. Cov neeg txawv, originating los ntawm lwm pab pawg neeg zej zog. Nws yeej yuav ib tug phooj ywg, thiab ces ua rau tus yeeb ncuab. Nws qhia lub hypothesis Vedic pantheon vajtswv Aryaman. Nws yog cia li lub luag hauj lwm rau kev phooj ywg thiab tos txais.

Ukraine - lub teb ntawm lub Aryans?

Feem ntau cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm niaj hnub no yog inclined ntseeg hais tias tus Aryans nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm ancient Iran. Tsis xav los khi nws rau qhov tam sim no Shiite lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub Middle East. Nws lub teb chaws yog tus me me. Ancient Iran - ib tug lossis loj ib ncig ntawm lub Iranian toj siab, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, lub North Caucasus thiab cov Dub hiav txwv. Uas yog vim li cas ntawm cov Ukrainian historians yog ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias praevropeytsy nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine ntau tshaj 5 txhiab. Years ago.

Cov hypothesis ntawm ib pranarode

Muaj yog ib tug hypothesis hais tias ib tug tib pranarod (Indo-Europeans, Aryans) twb muab faib ua ob ceg: lub Iranian thiab Indo-Aryan. Lub sij hawm "Iran" txhais tau tias "Av ntawm lub Aryans." Nyob rau hauv kev them nyiaj yug no zoo sib thooj, tej zaum tau qhia lub Indian Vedas thiab lub Iranian Avesta. Raws li cov kev tshawb xav ntawm ib tug Iranian sib cais pab pawg neeg, tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg, thiab hais txog 1700-1300 xyoo. BC. e. Kuv tau mus rau Is Nrias teb, nyob qhov twg nws tseem mus tas li. Yog hais tias qhov no yog muaj tseeb, ces txoj kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm praevropeytsev los ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Ukraine muaj cai nyob ua ib ke.

lus kev tshawb xav

Linguists kuj txhawb lub cheeb tsam ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov Aryans los ntawm Central thiab Eastern Europe, raws li ib qho lus no yog branched rau hauv ntau dialects, uas yog ib zajlus kom nyob rau hauv nws cov tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv tib cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, tsuas yog ib ceg ntawm lub Indo-European, uas hais tias ntau ntxiv txog cov tsiv teb tsaws thiab tsis nyob rau lub keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj neeg txawv teb chaws ces yuav tsum muaj pab pawg neeg uas hais lus hauv lub zos lus, uas ntxiv cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Kurgan hypothesis

Archaeologists kuj xav kom ntseeg tau hais tias cov Aryans Ameslikas nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv. Artifacts nto moo Yamskoy kab lis kev cai muaj nyob rau hauv cov pov thawj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ces yees thawj chariot, uas tso cai rau mus ntes chaw loj loj sai sai. Tej theories, hmoov tsis, muab sawv mus pseudo-scientific speculation rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus tseeb. Zoo li, qhov ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Aryans - Lavxias teb sab, Germans, Ukrainians, los yog lwm leej lwm tus. Tiv thaiv no tom qab, thiab muaj ntau ntau yam Slavic-Aria. Nws yog tau hais tias cov pog koob yawg koob thiab tuaj mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv, tab sis tom qab hais thiab phua lub sij hawm mus rau hauv ntau lwm haiv neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv rov qab mus rau thaj av no lub. Followers ntawm exclusivity thiab "kev coj dawb huv" ntawm ib tug lub teb chaws piv rau lwm yam manipulated cov lus muaj tseeb, khi lub ancient zaug xwb paus tsuas yog ib daim ntawv sau thiab tsis rau tag nrho cov ntoo.

Cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub Aryans

Aria tseg ntau sau cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no "Veda", "Avesta", "Mahabharata", "Ramayana". lawv tau rais los tswm teb ntawm lub nomadic neeg. Bred nyuj, nees. Lawv paub nrog irrigation, tau ntaus tooj liab thiab kub yam khoom. Lub ntsiab riam phom siv ib rab hneev nti thiab xib xub. Cov lus hais caste system lawv muaj, nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb. Txawm li cas los, rau sab saum toj ntawm lub hierarchy - pov thawj thiab aristocrats - enjoyed zoo cawv.

tshawb pom

Ntsiab lus, peb yuav hais tias ib tug tib haiv neeg ntawm Aryans, kab tias yeej tsis muaj. Feem ntau cov yuav vim lub tsov rog chariot tej pab pawg neeg ntawm cov pab pawg neeg tej zaum yuav tsis txawm zoo txog, tau ncua nws lub hwj tshaj loj heev rau tej thaj chaw. Li no cov tsos ntawm ib tug ntau Indo-European lus ntawm cov neeg uas yeej tsis tau ze dabneeg.

Txawm li cas los, ib tug unambiguous lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm leej twg lub Aria, tsis muaj. Txhua txhua hnub peb yuav txav mus deb ntawm nws, thiab scientific theories yog hloov los ntawm pseudo-scientific assertions. Nws yog tau hais tias cov Aryans - cov neeg uas kis tau lawv cov cawv. Tab sis nws yog tau hais tias ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm ncaj, tab sis zoo xws li cov kev lis kev cai pab pawg neeg tsawm nyob rau ob sab ntawm ib tug tib qhov chaw.