Leej twg yog leej txiv ntawm cov Soviet physics? Lub nto moo tshaj plaws physicists ntawm lub USSR

Kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nqa tawm nyob rau hauv droves. Neeg ua hauj lwm heev heev kev tshawb fawb institutes thiab lub chaw soj nstuam tau ua hauj lwm ib hnub thiab hmo ntuj rau cov kev pab ntawm tus neeg zoo tib thiab lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tag nrho. Academy ntawm Sciences tau ceev faj xyuas kom meej, raws li ib tug technology, humanities, lej, chemists, cov kws kho mob, biologists, geographers txiav los ntawm lub pos huab ntawm tsis paub tseeb.

Txawm li cas los, tshwj xeeb xim tau muab rau physicists.

ceg ntawm physics

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tej thaj chaw uas feem ntau muaj ntau tsim nyog tau qhov khoos kas aerospace, aircraft, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm computer technology.

Soviet physics Leej Txiv

Nto moo zaum nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntau. Daim ntawv hu ua "Lub nto moo tshaj plaws physicists ntawm lub USSR" qhib lub vice-tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub USSR, Academician Ioffe Anplahas Fedorovich. Zaum tau tsim lub npe nrov lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas nyob rau txawv sij hawm tau ua kom tiav ib tug ntau ntawm feemxyuam kawm tiav. Nws yog tsis muaj kev huam yuaj Anplahas Fedorovich - lub eminent Soviet physicist, ib tug ntawm cov neeg uas yog hu ua "poj koob yawm txwv" no science.

Lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog yug los nyob rau hauv 1880 nyob rau hauv Romny, nyob ze Poltava, nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg ua lag luam rau tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg zos, nws tau txais nws kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv 1902 kawm tiav los ntawm St. Petersburg lub koom haum of Technology, thiab peb xyoos tom qab - University nyob rau hauv Munich. Lub neej yav tom ntej "leej txiv ntawm Soviet physics" defended lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub heev Vilgelma Konrada Röntgen. Nws tsis yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog Anplahas Fedorovich tau txais lub npe ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm Science.

Tom qab kawm tiav, nws rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zos Polytechnic Institute. Twb tau nyob rau 1911 tus paub txog ua lub thawj tseem ceeb foundations - tau pom cov electron xwb. kev ua hauj lwm sai sai mus li, thiab nyob rau hauv 1913 tau nce mus rau xibfwb Joffe.

1918 yog tseem ceeb rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub fact tias vim qhov tus ntawm cov paub txog twb qhib Physico-Neeg kho tshuab Kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Radiology txoj kev tshawb no. Thaum lub sij hawm no tom qab Joffe tau txais lub unofficial title ntawm "txiv ntawm lub Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab atom."

Txij li thaum 1920, nws - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws ntev hauj lwm Joffe tau txuam nrog rau Petrograd Committee ntawm kev lag luam, koom haum ntawm physicists, agrophysical lub koom haum zaum lub tsev nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, lub semiconductor laboratory.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no nws mus rau hauv lub commission ntawm cov tub rog technology thiab engineering.

Nyob rau hauv 1942 kuaj paub txog lobbied qhib, wherein kawm nuclear tshua. Nws twb nyob hauv Kazan. Nws official lub npe - "Laboratory №2 USSR Academy ntawm Sciences."

Leej twg yog hu ua "leej txiv ntawm Soviet physics" ntau zaus, ces nws Ioffe!

Nws tsis ua ib tug xib fwb Lub kaum hli ntuj 14, 1960 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov poj tus paub txog busts, cim, commemorative plaques yog pom. Nws lub npe yog muab rau lub ntiaj chaw, txoj kev, square, lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Romney.

Ib tug kev ua qab yias nyob rau lub hli - rau cov kev pab cuam

Leej twg yog hu ua "leej txiv ntawm Soviet physics", vim hais tias qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov koj paub txog - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam. Nws yug los Plaub Hlis Ntuj 22, 1879 nyob rau hauv Mogilev nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txawj ntse tsev neeg tus kws kho mob thiab pianist.

Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, cov hluas Leonid twv rau science, enjoyed nyeem ntawv. Nws kawm nyob rau Odessa thiab Strasbourg.

Leej twg yog hu ua "leej txiv ntawm Soviet physics"? Tus txiv neej uas tau ua lawv cov utmost rau no science.

Mandel'shtam pib scientific ua hauj lwm ntawm Moscow State University vim 1925. Ua tsaug rau lub dag zog ntawm zaum, lub tsev kawm ntawv resumed kev ua si ntawm lub cev thiab xaam thiab lub cev faculties.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Mandel'shtam yog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub teeb scattering. Rau xws li kev ua ub no Indian tus paub txog Raman Chandrasekhar tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog. Txawm tias nws tau hais ntau ntau zaus hais tias nws yog ib tug Soviet physicist, kuv muaj qhov no ze li ntawm ib lub lim tiam ua ntej lawm.

Nws tsis los ua ib tus paub txog nyob rau hauv 1944 nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov Mandel'shtam immortalized nyob rau hauv busts, lub cim.

Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus paub txog lub npe ib tug kev ua qab yias nyob sab nram qab ntawm lub hli.

sau ntawm cov phau ntawv nyeem, uas loj hlob ntau tshaj ib tiam

Landsberg Gregory Samuilovich - ib tug hu ua "leej txiv ntawm Soviet physics." Nws yug los nyob rau hauv 1890 nyob rau hauv Vologda.

Nyob rau hauv 1908 nws kawm tiav nrog rau honors los ntawm high school nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod.

Nyob rau hauv 1913 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Physics thiab Lej kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University. Nws pib nws cov hauj lwm rau kev qhia cov ntawm no lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Nws kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Omsk Agricultural, Moscow lub cev-Technical thiab Kev koom haum.

Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws los ua ib tug xib fwb.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm - txoj kev tshawb no ntawm optics thiab spectroscopy. Kuv nrhiav tau ib txoj kev spectral tsom xam nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm hlau thiab alloys, rau cov uas nyob rau hauv 1941 twb muab tsub lub State nqi zog.

Nws - tus tsim ntawm lub koom haum ntawm spectroscopy ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub atomic spectral tsom xam.

Schoolchildren Gregory Samuilovich nco qab txog li cov neeg sau ntawm "elementary physics phau ntawv," uas dim rov reprinting thiab rau ntau xyoo mas suav hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Nws tsis los ua ib tus paub txog nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1957.

Khiav nyob rau hauv 1978 ntawm lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv physics

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa yug rau hli ntuj 26, 1894 nyob rau hauv Kronstadt nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg ntawm cov tub rog engineer thiab surveyor. Kronstadt tom qab tag lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws nkag mus hauv lub St. Petersburg Polytechnic University nyob rau hauv cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Electromechanics. Tus thawj scientific thawj coj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog los ua Anplahas Fedorovich Ioffe.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, Kapitsa yog nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ua ib tug volunteer - ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kho mob lub tsheb tsav tsheb.

Tom qab demobilization nws pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv X-ray thiab moj lub koom haum, uas luam tawm thawj ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1921 nws tau mus rau lub ntxiv kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub UK, nyob rau hauv Cambridge, qhov twg nws tus thawj saib xyuas yog nws tus kheej Ernest Rutherford.

Koob meej kws coj nws kev tshawb fawb muaj zog electromagnetic teb. Nyob rau xyoo 1922, Peter Leonidovich doctorate. Nyob rau hauv 1929, Kapitza los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Society of London. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau raug xaiv los nyob rau hauv absentia nyob rau hauv lub USSR.

Nyob rau hauv 1930, tus kheej kuaj Kapitza ua tau.

Tus kws tshawb fawb yeej tsis nco qab lawv teb chaws thiab feem ntau tuaj mus xyuas nws niam thiab kwv tij neej tsa.

Nyob rau hauv 1934 nws yog ib tug tsis tu ncua mus xyuas. Tiam sis rov qab mus ces Kapitsa yog tsis tau tso tawm, xam nws cov kev pab rau cov txawv teb chaws yeeb ncuab.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib tug physicist, nws raug tsa cov thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub cev teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv 1935, nws tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg ntawm ib tug private tsheb. Nws twb yuav luag tam sim ntawd pib tsim kho ntawm lub laboratory, zoo ib yam li lus Askiv. Pab nyiaj txiag rau peb tes num yog zoo unlimited. Tab sis tus paub txog tau dua muab sau tseg tias tej yam kev mob nyob deb ua tsis tau zoo rau cov kawm lus Askiv.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1940s, lub ntsiab ua si ntawm lub Kapitza twb aimed ntawm muab kua oxygen.

Nyob rau hauv 1945 nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Soviet atomic foob pob project.

Nyob rau hauv 1955 nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob pab neeg ntawm cov thawj dag satellite ntawm peb ntiaj chaw.

kaj ua hauj lwm

Rau kev ua hauj lwm "ntshav thiab tswj thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv" nyob rau hauv 1978, academician tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog.

Pyotr Leonidovich yog tus neeg ntawm txeeb heev heev thiab prizes. Nws pab mus rau science yog tiag tiag invaluable.

Nws tsis ua ib tug naas ej kawm nyob rau hauv 1984.

Tam sim no uas koj paub tias leej twg yog hu ua "txiv ntawm Soviet physics."