Lub endocrine qog ntawm lub cev tib neeg: anatomofiziologicheskie yam ntxwv thiab tej tseem ceeb

Cai ntawm lub zog uas txhawb qhov tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm lub cev tib neeg, yog tiav nyob rau hauv ob fundamentally sib txawv txoj kev. Thawj - qhov no yog qhov humoral mechanism ntawm kev tswj, uas yog cov ua ntej lawm, yog hais tias peb soj ntsuam cov yam ntxwv thiab tej ntsiab ntawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm phylogenetic txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov thib ob mechanism yog ntau npaum li cas saj zawg zog thiab ntau teb rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev mob. Qhov no tshee kev cai, lub essence ntawm cov uas yog txo mus rau tus kho lus zog uas visceral thiab peripheral reflexes, whereas cov nyhuv ntawm humoral zoo tshaj yuav yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm neurotransmitter molecules los ntawm cov receptor cell ceg nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj hauv nruab nrog cev. Wherein teeb liab kis tau tus mob yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev lom molecules, lub synthesis ntawm cov uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cev endocrine caj pas. Lawv paim tshuaj uas yuav kis tau los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus rau ib tug tej yam kev ncua deb ntawm lub caj pas thiab cawv nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.

Endocrine qog: qauv humoral cai system

Lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov tseeb lag luam ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab thiab kabmob ntawm tus txiv neej yog lub hlwb, uas yog sab saum toj chaw ntawm cais khoom ntaub ntawv thiab cov chaw ntawm synthesis ntawm cov Pib ntsais koj teeb xa mus los ntawm lub hom phiaj hlwb saum toj no tshuab ob. Thiab yog hais tias lub paj hlwb cawv yog sib sib zog tsa los ntawm ntau yam mus rau ib saab hom ntaub, cov humoral aposredstvenno pom tau hais vim thauj bioactive molecules uas ua kom lub receptor ceg rau lub hlwb ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv nruab nrog cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub endocrine qog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev, thiab qhov no yog fundamentally sib txawv ntawm cov exocrine. Firstly, exocrine qog paim lawv molecules tawm, uas yog, mus rau hauv ib puag ncig. Qhov no yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb excretory ducts, uas muaj endocrine caj pas secretory hlwb uas los tshuaj hormones ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siab dua center humoral kev cai yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, uas yog lub hypothalamus. Nws glandular cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm neural keeb kwm synthesizes statins, cheeb qhov uas cov synthesis ntawm pituitary cov tshuaj hormones, thiab liberiny uas tsis tooj mus rau modulate nws txoj kev ua. Los ntawm no bidirectional nyhuv tiav tswj ntawm kev khiav dej num nyob rau hauv lub system endocrine lub cev qog. Yog li hormonal kev cai ntawm lwm qhov chaw khiav dej num yog pituitary - qauv, yog hais txog 20 lub sij hawm me me tshaj lub hypothalamus, tab sis ua tej uas tsim nyog zog. Nws tseem yog noteworthy hais tias xws li ib tug me me caj pas ua synthesis ntawm macromolecular tebchaw nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, uas yog hu ua cov tshuaj hormones, thaum lub sij hawm ntau dua-theem qauv ua xwb statin nrog liberinami uas yog heev yooj yim tshuaj qauv, raws li yog ib tug dipeptide.

Tus lwm endocrine caj pas tsuas tswj los ntawm cov pituitary thiab secretion voj voog nyob rau cov kev ua ntawm synthesis ntawm Tropic cov tshuaj hormones. Yog li lwm neurohypophysis tsim thiab ADH ntxawg reabsorption dej lwg me me nyob rau hauv lub raum sau ducts ntawm nephrons, thiab oxytocin, nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm uterine contractions thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm rau, thiab mammary qog mis nyuj secretion. Adenohypophysis los yog anterior lobe ntawm lub prostate ntawm lwm yam uas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob dab voj voog secretion ntawm lub qog hormones , los ntawm decarboxylation nyob rau hauv lub adrenal medulla, synthesis ntawm steroid cov tshuaj hormones nyob rau hauv lub adrenal cortex.

Heev tseem ceeb kabmob rau cov tib neeg yog lub pancreas thiab gonads. Raws li nws cov qauv thiab kev khiav dej num - nws yog ib tug tov caj pas secretion hom, xws li lawv muaj ib lub cev qhov chaw, ib co kev uas yog endocrine secretion hom, thiab lub thib ob - eccrine. Yog li gonads faib kab hlwb rau cov ib puag ncig, cov tshuaj hormones, tiam sis ntws ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Yog li endocrine muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub pancreas coj los ua ke thiaj li glucagon, insulin thiab somatostatin, exocrine - ib tug synthesis amylases thiab peptidases rau plab zom mov nyob rau hauv 12 duodenum. Vim hais tias tus txiav, raws nraim li cov gonads - nws exocrine thiab endocrine caj pas ib txhij.