Lub Gagauz lus thiab nws dialects

Txij li thaum 1990, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Moldova tau officially tshaj tawm hais tias nws muaj kev ywj pheej Gagauzia. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim hwv unit, uas pib coj zoo lawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. Nrog rau Lavxias teb sab thiab Moldovan nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab sau ntawv rau cov Gagauz lus. Mus ntsib nrog nws cov nta, keeb kwm thiab dialects.

lus pab pawg neeg

Lub Gagauz lus belongs rau lub Turkic pab pawg neeg ntawm cov lus. Raws li nws cov grammatical zog nws yog zoo li tus Azerbaijani thiab Turkmen adverbs. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib tshuam pom los ntawm linguists nrog lub Turkish lus. Typologically Gagauz lus belongs rau Oguz pab pawg, li cas los xij zoo tus ntawm lwm lub. Nyob rau hauv kev, los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab, Bulgarian thiab Balkan-Romanesque.

Raws li cov lus tshawb fawb, yog cov haiv neeg hais lus, raws li ib tug txoj cai, Gagauz, los yog cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm los yog Gagauz nyob rau hauv lub zej zog.

zaj dabneeg

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov lus, nws yog tsim nyog mus ntsib nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm nws cov neeg uas hnov txog. Nrog kev xav txog cov nyob deb dhau los ntawm lub Gagauz, nws yog heev vague. Historians muaj peb hypotheses txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg no. Tus thawj qhia tias lawv yeej los ntawm lub assimilation ntawm lub Oguz, Pechenegs thiab Cumans. Raws li rau qhov thib ob hypothesis, lub poj koob yawm txwv lub Gagauz yog cov Seljuk Turks, uas nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua tov nrog Polovtsy thiab tsim lub Oguz lub xeev. Thiab thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lwm version, Gagauz - Turkic-hais lus xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Bulgarians uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7 ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Volga emigrated mus rau lub Balkans, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 9 xyoo pua rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv.

Tag nrho peb ntawm cov hypotheses tsis muaj leej lus tshawb fawb. Tsis tseem ceeb pov thawj tej zaum yuav tsuas ethnographic thiab lus dab neeg qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, tales thiab riddles nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz lus nyob rau hauv lawv cov zaj dab neeg thiab daim ntau quav tso nyob rau hauv ntau nrog lub ancient tej hauj lwm uas tau tuaj sau rau peb los ntawm lub Turkic haiv neeg uas muaj npe saum toj no.

thaj faib

Tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg uas hais lus Gagauz lus yog ntau tshaj li 150 txhiab tus neeg. Nws yog tsuas yog faib nyob rau hauv Moldova (Gagauzia) thiab lub Odessa cheeb tsam (Ukraine). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, me me qhov chaw ntawm faib system yog ib qho nyob rau hauv ib co chaw ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Uzbekistan.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo 2004, cov census twb tau soj xyuas nyob rau hauv Moldova. Raws li nws tau nws qhia hais tias lub Gagauz neeg lees paub rau tsuas yog plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog hais txog 120 txhiab tus neeg. Ntawm no, txog ib puas txhiab tus neeg nyob yeej nyob rau hauv Gagauzia, thiab tus so tau tswm nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Moldova.

Plaub lub sij hawm tsawg, raws li cov kev suav pej xeem nyob rau hauv 2001, cov pej xeem ntawm lub Gagauz nyob rau hauv lub Odessa cheeb tsam. Qhov no yog cia li ib tug rau ib xees ntawm cov pejxeem. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub Gagauz lus yog ntau qis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Gagauz lawv tus kheej feem ntau siv Lavxias teb sab los yog Ukrainian hom lus rau ib tug xis coexistence nrog rau lwm cov haiv neeg.

dialects

Nyob rau hauv txhua txhia yam lus muaj xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug lub suab hais lus (los yog dialects). Qhov no zoo ntawm cov lus raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neeg, vim lawv cov tsoos territories. Lub Gagauz lus muaj ob tug dialects: chadyrlungsko-Comrat (los yog central) thiab Vulcaneshti (los yog yav qab teb). Thawj ob qhov chaw yog ib thaj nyuag koom Gagauzia: Ceadir-Lunga thiab Comrat. Qhov no lub suab hais lus twb los ntawm lub Moldovan thiab Lavxias teb sab lus. Raws li rau lub yav qab teb lub suab hais lus, lub linguists txhais kom ze rau haiv neeg Gagauz lus.

Nws kuj paub tias lub Gagauz cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub Balkan ceg av qab teb, nrog rau cov uas muaj feem Hajali. Cuam ntawm Haiv neeg muab ib tug loj npaum li cas thiab ntau ntau haiv neeg tus xov tooj ntawm dialects, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm linguists. Ntawm lawv yog cov Bulgarian, Macedonian, Turkish thiab lwm yam dialects.

Cawv ntawm Turkish lus

Tshwj xeeb mloog yog muab tus ntawm lub Turkish lus. Tom qab tag nrho, linguists nrhiav tau ib tug ntau zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv hais lus thiab lexical qauv ob hom lus. Intensive "hu" Gagauz lus nrog Turkish txawj hais lus poob rau hauv lub 90-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, los ntawm cov xov xwm thiab cov strengthening ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab neeg mus ncig tebchaws kev sib raug zoo nrog qaib ntxhw Gagauzia.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias turtsizmy, txawm li cas los, raws li Russianisms txeem tau cov Gagauz (formal) hais lus hnub no.

sau ntawv

Kom txog thaum lub 19th caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz yog tsis ib haiv neeg tsab ntawv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1957 lub Gagauz tsiaj ntawv yog tsim raws li lub Cyrillic niam ntawv. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1993 nyob rau hauv Moldova, nws twb txiav txim siab mus rau cov hloov hauv lub Gagauz tsiaj ntawv rau Latin. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov niam ntawv tau modernized nyob rau hauv lub Turkish qauv: tau ntxiv rau ntxiv cov tsiaj ntawv A, E, T nrog ib tug txawv lwm qhov kev cim rau kev hais. Txawm li cas los, dua li no kho kom zoo, nyob rau hauv publishing nyob rau hauv 2012 yog tseem siv Cyrillic Gagauz.

Qhov teeb meem no tseem muaj teeb meem rau hnub no. Piv txwv li, lub Gagauz ntawv xov xwm "Hakikatyn Sesi" tam sim no luam ob leeg nyob rau Latin thiab Cyrillic. Nws muaj tsis tau tsuas yog cov xov xwm kiag, tab sis kuj cov dabneeg luv luv, cov nplooj ntawv, paj huam nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz lus. Tag nrho cov no yog ua li cas kom txuag tau tus lus thiab xa mus rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv.

phonetics

Cawv ntawm neighboring lus nyob rau hauv Gagauz yog muaj feem ntau kom meej meej nyob rau hauv nws cov phonetic qauv. Yog li ntawd, lub Balkan sijhawm manifested nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab [thiab] nrog overtones "e". Tab sis, tsis zoo li Moldovan thiab Bulgarian lus, nws yog muab sequentially nyob rau hauv Gagauz synharmonism (nyob ntawm no kev txhawj xeeb qhov thiaj li hu labial thiab suab qhib siab dawb paug).

Lub Gagauz lus yog yeej los ntawm ob niam nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub infinitive qhia txog kev ua daim ntawv (piv txwv li, Amas - noj). Cov ob peb ua ke yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus kawg suab assimilation "k" (piv nrog ib puag ncig.: Almak - noj).

Nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm consonants kuj cai cov nyhuv ntawm txawv teb chaws hom lus. Lub Gagauz lus nyob ua ke xws li "bl" "br", "cr", "tr", "txiav" kab lus hloov laus, mas yuav kis tau zoo sib thooj mus neighboring lus.

paub cov ntsiab lus

Qhov sib thooj ntawm cov Gagauz thiab Turkish lus yog tshwm sim los tsis tau tsuas yog hwv sib thooj ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, tab sis kuj los ntawm lwm yam keeb kwm yog vim li cas. Lub organizer ntawm cov Turkish lus kho kom zoo Mustafa Atatürk. Nws sim los ntxuav lub system ntawm Arabisms thiab persizmov. Rau qhov no nws yog tsim nyog los tig mus rau lub Gagauz lus, raws li nws yog, piv rau lub Ottoman Turkish yog tus tshaj plaws dawb ntawm tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, Gagauz lub suab hais lus los ua tus zoo tagnrho lub hauv paus, cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub neej tshiab nimno Turkish lus.

Txawm li cas los, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob overestimate lub system, uas ces sawv cev lub Gagauz lus. Lo lus, xws li kev, hauj-ua lag ua luam style tuaj rau nws los ntawm lub Latin, Romanian, Turkish. Thaum lub sij hawm no, raws li twb tau hais, feem ntau ntau tus los ntawm Slavic system.

Gagauz - Orthodox neeg. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, rau sab ntsuj plig realm no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz lus. kev cai dab qhuas cov lo lus muaj ntau yam kev sib tshuam nrog cov Greek thiab Arabic.

Tsev neeg lexicon Gagauz enriched ob los ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud cov kev pab. Feem ntau ntawm cov xov xwm yog sawv cev los ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Gagauz ob yam lus, uas kuj muaj lwm yam lus (Moldovan, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Romanian).

nthuav lus tseeb

• Nyob rau hauv 2010, UNESCO hais lub koom haum "World Atlas ntawm endangered lus." Copyright forecast, los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua lub ntiaj chaw yuav ploj ib nrab siv niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub "dub daim ntawv teev" thiab ntaus cov Gagauz lus. Qhov no yog vim tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov interpenetration ntawm lus systems, tab sis kuj yog ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm muaj. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog nta. Yog hais tias cov laus tiam thiab lawv cov me nyuam tseem nco ntsoov thiab to taub cov haiv neeg hom lus, lub xeeb ntxwv - tsis muaj tshwm sim.
• Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws cia rau lub hom lus Gagauz resumed publishing, raug rho tawm haujlwm Lavxias teb sab-Gagauz phau ntawv txhais lus nyob rau hauv luam thiab hluav taws xob daim ntawv. Xws li ib tug kev pab cuam tau cuam tshuam rau kev kawm ntawv tus kheej. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov yuav tsum tau xeem nyob rau hauv high school yog tam sim no ib feem ntawm ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz lus.
• Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, "lub Gagauz Union" tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv 2012. Nws lub hom phiaj yog yuav coj ua ke cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg thiab muab lawv nrog cov kev tsim nyog muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam ntawm lub neej. Qhov no kuj siv rau kev cai thiab kev lus teeb meem. Raws li ib feem ntawm lub nce qib ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau gatherings ntawm sau ntawv thiab paj huam uas sau nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz lus, suab paj nruag concerts, kaw video clips.

• Txawm tias tag nrho lub zog ntawm muaj khaws cia rau haiv neeg Gagauz neeg txhais lus nyob rau hauv nws nrov Google system li. Thiab muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no yog tsis xav tau.
• Gagauz thrice koom nyob rau hauv lub "Tyurkovidenii" (zoo li "ESC"). Qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj hauj lwm uas nyob lub teb chaws - 10 qhov chaw. Nws nyob rau hauv 2015 coj Valentin Ormanzhi, ua tau zoo rau song "Hlub kuv, kev hlub" nyob rau hauv Turkish. Ib xyoo ua ntej lawm, nws sawv Mary Topal. Lub song nyob rau hauv lub Gagauz lus "quaj" khwv tau nws ib tug 16th qhov chaw.
• Balkan-Gagauz lus yog tam sim no xam tau tias yog haiv neeg rau Hajali nyob rau hauv lub Balkan ceg av qab teb. Lawv kuj hu ua Gagauz, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag lawv yog cov neeg sib txawv, txawm hais tias lawv yuav mus rau lub Turkic ceg. Txawm li cas los Hajali muaj Sunni Islam. Lawv cov lus muaj yim dialects uas tseem tsis zoo to taub niaj hnub no. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm hais lus thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tsis yog zoo tshaj 15 txhiab tus neeg.