Ntawm cov ntau orchestral ua hauj lwm hauv nws qhov chaw yog Overture. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus yog txhais los ntawm Latin cov lus (apertura) - "foundations" los yog "pib."
Cov tsos ntawm cov Overture rau cov suab paj nruas ntug
Txij li thaum thawj tsos ntawm no hom ntawm cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XVII tiam raws li ib tug taw qhia rau lub opera "Orpheus" los ntawm lub Italian composer Monteverde, lub sij hawm tau ua thiaj li nrov hais tias nws los ua ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg lo lus. Lub chaw pib ntawm ib yam dab tsi los - tus ntawd yog tus Overture. Feem ntau cov feem ntau lub sij hawm yog ntshai raws li ib tug neeg txhais lus los ntawm Fabkis qhia ouverture, uas txhais tau tias "pub ntxiv tshaj." Tom qab thawj tsos, zam rau tej anticipation, piav qhia txog lub tom ntej daim ntawm cov suab paj nruag sai sai khaws los ntawm musicians ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Fabkis. Muaj txawm tias ib tug notion ntawm "Fabkis Overture" raws li txwv mus rau Italian. Lawv differed los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm tus nqi ntawm tua ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw - thawj zaug, nruab nrab, thiab zaum kawg. Cov lus tsis txaus siab tsis tau yeej los ntawm ib yam ntawm cov ob tog, thiab txoj cai rau cov hav zoov ntawm tau txais ob hom orchestral tej hauj lwm.
Ib tug piv txwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab overtures
Tsim thiab kev txhim kho, cov suab paj nruas qhia tig mus rau hauv ib qho kev ywj ua hauj lwm, thiab tsis tsuas cov orchestra. Piv txwv ntawm no hom ntawm Overture yog ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog ua hauj lwm ntawm P. I. Chaykovskogo nplooj siab mus rau lub fateful txheej xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm - lub yeej tshaj Napoleon. Nws tas li ntawd mus rau lub orchestra suab neeb, hu nkauj ua ke, thiab xaus "Festival Overture nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm 1812" phom volleys. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas nws twb tau mus qhia thiab ntsiab lub koob meej ntawm lub yeej xwb pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov feem ntau yeej xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog daim music - tias yog dab tsi lub Overture.
Yuav tsum coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim
Ib tug thought xws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov thawj peb hu. Hais tias yog, enabling viewers zaum nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw thiab hauv, ntawm cov suab paj nruag tsis nyuaj, los npaj rau lub audition piece. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov txuj ci ntawm cov composer txiav txim txhua yam, thiab ib co ntawm cov Overture yog zoo nkauj heev uas lawv nyob ib qho kev ywj lub neej nyob rau hauv lub "Nrov classical music." Cuab piv txwv yog lub vestibule ntawm Bizet lub opera "Carmen" thiab Leoncavallo lub "Pagliacci". Zaj dabneeg hauv lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm cov heroes ntawm lub phem, uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm unrequited hlub thiab xam khib, kis tau los ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj heev music - tias yog dab tsi lub Overture nyob rau hauv no xyov cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub suab paj nruas taw qhia rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab
Daim ntawv teev cov suab paj nruas yam, neeg ua hauj lwm nkag mus rau ib tug txhob txwm ua txoj hauj lwm, suab paj nruag ntxiv rau tus yeebyam ntawm Goethe lub "Egmont", sau los ntawm Beethoven. Nws tau thoob ntiaj teb lub koob meej thiab nws lwm Overture mus ua si Collin lub "Coriolanus." Tsis muaj tsawg lub npe hu suab paj nruas qhia Balakirev rau Shakespeare tus "King Lear" thiab Mendelssohn lub comedy "midsummer Hmo ntuj tus npau suav." Feem ntau, qhov kawg npe hu Overture composer overshadow lub ntau txaus ntshai tej hauj lwm, uas lawv tau sau.
Nqi geniuses nyob rau hauv tej chaw Overture
Nyob rau kev txhim kho cov zoo yog cov neeg ntawm cov kis ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab mus ob peb vas raws li los ntawm cov opera, tus neeg dhia tes los yog lwm yam khoom ua hauj lwm tag nrho cov suab paj nruas tub ceev xwm - Lully, Scarlatti, Gluck, Mozart, Rossini. Tag nrho tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua rau sau. Lavxias teb sab composers Gliere, Khachaturian, Shostakovich - sau phau ntawv festive, nyiaj so koobtsheej, tos txais overtures. Suab paj nruas pib tej yam loj ua hauj lwm, vividly qhia nws essence - uas yog lub Overture. Cais lus tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov suab paj nruag, xws li cov kev taw qhia, Robert Schumann mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Byron lub "Manfred", raws li zoo raws li lub sij hawm luag ib feem mus rau lub ua yeeb yam ntawm Cherubini, Ukrainian composer Lysenko lub accession mus rau lub opera "Taras Bulba". Txawm hais tias xws li hais tag nrho cov poj suab paj nruas ntxias uas ua rau lawv lub tshab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem, tsis txaus sijhawm thiab qhov chaw.
Lub suab paj nruas taw qhia rau lub films - lub rebirth ntawm lub Overture
Tab sis lub Overture rau cov zaj duab xis tsim nyog ib tug tshwj xeeb mention thiab xim. Leej twg ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Soviet Union yog tsis paub nrog lub suab paj nruag rau cov zaj duab xis "Cov me nyuam ntawm tus tauj ncov loj Grant", tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1936? Qhov no Overture yog li ntawd zoo hais tias nws yuav mus ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub series (1985), nplooj siab mus rau lub Wisconsin quest ntawm tib tus tauj ncov loj. Thiab leej twg yog tsis paub nrog cov Overture rau "Lub Phantom ntawm lub Opera"? Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70-ies ntawm XX xyoo pua Soviet audiences saib yog luv acclaimed suab paj nruas "West Side Story" by Bernstein. Tab sis lub suab seev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Overture, paub zoo heev ntau. Domestic films, ua nto moo los ntawm cov suab paj nruas accompaniment rau lub sau, heev npaum li cas. Nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yam, cov Overture tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb cua uas ua rau cov zaj duab xis ntau nco. Tias muaj ib tug introductory music rau tag nrho cov series ntawm Harry Potter!
Heev feem ntau, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no lub sij hawm lub sij hawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nrov cartoons, movies thiab documentaries. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub anime ntawm lub Galactic Heroes. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev nom kev tswv. Muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb lub sij hawm, peb yuav hais tias peb txhua tus nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm ib yam dab tsi loj, hais tias peb tag nrho lub neej - Overture.