Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam. Cim - nws ...

Lo lus "punctuation" los rau peb los ntawm Latin. Cia punctum - "point." Cim - ib tug system uas kawm cov punctuation marks thiab cov tej yam kev mob rau lawv ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub proposals. Yog nws tiag tiag tsim nyog los siv nws? Nws yog to taub thiab qhia cov lus qhia ib tug me ntsis kev paub ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab sau ntawv?

Txheej txheem cej luam

Cov tsiaj ntawv, lub ntsiab lus lub suab, lo lus no yog tsim. Los ntawm lawv, cov neeg sib txuas lus. Tab sis kom to taub lub tej zaum insufficiently hnov cov hais lus nyob rau hauv ib tug txiav txim. Tham, cov neeg siv ntau intonations, tam sim no nyiaj, tam sim no tej lub suab. Yog li, nws tsom rau tus mloog hais. Ntawm lo lus los yog ib tug neeg pab pawg ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau cov Team sib sib txawv ntawm cov lengths. Yog tsis muaj tag nrho tej yam ua tsis tau, vim hais tias lawv muab lub suggestion ntawm ib tug tej ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Tham nrog koj lub suab, pauses yuav kom qhia cov lus qhia interlocutor. Thiab yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws tag nrho rau tus neeg uas sau, piv txwv li, cov lus? Raws li sau competently tuaj lawv tus yam ntxwv yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas qhia thiab hais koj cov cwj pwm txawv? Hais tias qhov no yuav pab tau cov cim. Qhov no yog lub cuab tam uas yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov suab nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv.

nqi

Nyob rau ib tug par nrog spelling cim - yog ib tug tsim nyog yog ib feem ntawm lub graphics system ntawm txhua hom lus. Paub txog qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm txawv cov cim tias yog raws li tsim nyog raws li lub peev xwm sau. Qhov no tsis muaj, yuav muaj cov neeg thiab tiav ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Ua li cas nws coj mus rau tag nrho cov uas tau nyeem thiab to taub kom soj ntsuam lub hais ntxiv? Ua li no, koj yuav tsum rau nruab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws cov lus teev txog cov kev cai teem cov cim. Nyob rau hauv ib tsab ntawv los ntawm txawv haiv neeg, tej zaum lawv yuav muaj tib lub duab daim duab, tab sis raws los ntawm cov nqi thiab, yog li ntawd, siv yam kev mob. Tab sis lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis yog nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tib yam lus thiab nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xaiv ib tug cim cim.

feature

Lavxias teb sab cim yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub nqaim thiab sab kev txiav txim zoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv peb yuav tau tham txog yooj yim cim. Sawv daws yeej paub tias thaum kawg ntawm tej lub tswv yim muab tso rau lub point. Yuav kom hloov ib tug interrogative suab, kab zauv ntawm lub siab lub ntsws coloring xav tau ib lo lus nug los yog exclamation tias, ellipsis. Qhov no marks kawg ntawm cov kab lus. Tej zaum ib feem ntawm syntax yog cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm ib tug tsis nco qab, semicolon, khiav ceev, nyuv. Lawv hu ua cov cim "txhais hais tias" kab lus. Highlight ib feem complex syntactic lug yog tau los ntawm kev txhais tau tias ntawm ob ntsiab (dashes los yog commas), nkhaus thiab hais tias. Nws paired excretory tej yam tshwm sim. Tag nrho huvsi muaj kaum ob. Rau cov literate sau ntawv thiab paub tseeb hais tias ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum paub txog cov mob ntawm qhov chaw txhua ntawm lawv.

Benefit hais lus cim - yog txoj kev uas tus spatial lub koom haum ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Ntawm no koj yuav tham txog lub division ntawm indentation, tej qhov chaw, asterisks thiab lwm yam tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm txoj kev kawm nrog lawv, dhau lawm, yuav tsum paub cov tub ntxhais kawm. Qhov no yog tsim nyog los nkag siab cov kev cai uas tsim thiab kev siv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Cov feem ntau tag thiab ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim ntawv nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm cov cim no yeej qhia cov me nyuam tom qab qib 7th. Ua ntej uas lawv tau txais tsuas ua li khiav ri ntsiab cai uas muaj xws li cov cim. Qib 8 muab ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv-tob txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub system ntawm cov cim tias productions. Yog lub realization uas siv duab ntsiab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog tawg rau hauv daim ntawv, sau ntawv feature ntawm cov qauv yog dhau syntactic unit thiab nws cov suab.

rau cov cim xeem

Nrog kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb computer paub tab, koj yuav xyuas lawv theem ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Xeem qhia tau hais tias cov yuam kev ntau tshaj yuav qhia lawv yog vim li cas. Lub tswv yim pom zoo, uas yuav tsum tau muaj tom qab qhov kev siv thiab pov thawj kev pab raws qib, pab tsis txhob shortcomings nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Qhov no system yog muaj nyob rau high school cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsev kawm ntawv entrants thiab cov xib fwb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, raws li tau zoo raws li cov neeg uas nws txoj hauj lwm yog kev cob cog rua nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv tus kheej kev kawm ntawv thiab ntsuam xyuas nws nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg.

los ntawm keeb kwm

Tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim muaj nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nyob rau hauv nqe lus dav dav, nws yog zoo li tus formulation ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov cim tias nyob rau hauv lwm yam European lus. Tab sis cov cim yog txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los centuries rau hnub tim. Nyob rau hauv ancient Rus cov lus thiab kab lus tsis sib cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Cov xib hwb nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm siv xws tej yam tshwm sim raws li taw tes ntoo khaub lig laim ntoom kab. Tom qab ib co sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub sau ntawv pib yos cov nyuv, nkhaus, nqe lus nug kos. Cov kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm typographic cov ntaub ntawv. Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum tsim ib tug niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab kev sau ntawv hom lus, ntxiv dag zog rau lub tswv yim ntawm txoj cai thiab ib tug rau tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm cov cim tias. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug zoo-paub tus neeg sawv cev ntawm grammatical science M. V. Lomonosov pib nws monumental ua hauj lwm: nws ua ib qho "Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv" (1755). Qhov no txiv neej nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm muab ntxiv rau tus Lavxias teb sab cim raws li ib tug science.

lub zaum

Nws hais ntxiv hais tus ua hauj lwm ntawm nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv Lomonosov, xib fwb nyob Moscow University, A. A. Barsov. Nws kom meej meej, kom raug thiab kom meej meej teem tawm cov kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim nyob rau hauv nws scientific ua hauj lwm. Tab sis nws "qauv sau ntawv" tau mus txog rau peb xwb nyob rau hauv sau daim ntawv no. Qhov tseem orderly thiab systematic cov lus qhia txog lub cim muab Academician J. K. Groth nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Lavxias teb sab spelling". Rau ntau xyoo kuv kawm cov keeb kwm thiab tsim ntawm cov lus thiab nws cov neeg seem. Phau ntawv no - tus thawj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, ib tug txheej ntawm spelling thiab cov cim kev cai. Groth ua hauj lwm zoo li ntawd npe hu hais tias tau tiv thaiv nees nkaum khoom ua ntej 1917.