Mstislav Keldysh: biography, tsev neeg cov duab

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (haiv neeg - Lavxias teb sab) yog ib tug Soviet paub txog nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev ua lej thiab mechanics, academician thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet qhov chaw pab cuam.

Tus tub ntawm ib tug txawj ntse txiv

Leej Txiv Keldysha Vsevolod Mihaylovich yog ib tug tub rog civil engineer uas kawm tiav los ntawm lub Riga Polytechnic Institute. Muaj nws yuav Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, uas mob siab nws tus kheej rau kev tu me nyuam. Nws txiv yog ib tug dav ntawm artillery, los ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg. Leej Txiv Vsevolod Mikhailovich yog ib tug tub rog kws kho mob nrog rau cov nyob qib general, thiab ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg. Keldysh yog yeej ib txwm zoo siab rau nws noble yug, uas tshwm sim los nws cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib tug liab lub teb chaws. Vim qhov xwm ntawm tus ua hauj lwm ntawm Vsevolod Mikhailovich tsev neeg mus rau ntau lub zos. Nws tau lectured ntawm kev tsa thiab tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab kev siv ntawm cov Moscow Metro thiab cov channel Moscow - Volga.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: biography

Keldysh Mstislav yog ib tug ntawm xya me nyuam. Niam qhia lawv German thiab Fabkis, thiab instilled ib tug hlub ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Nws tus muam, Lyudmila los ua ib tug naas ej mathematician thiab tij laug Yuri - musicologist.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv 1909 tau tsiv mus rau Riga, qhov twg nws txiv lectured nyob rau Polytechnic Institute, yug 10.2.1911. Nyob rau hauv 1915, lub German pab tub rog invaded Latvia thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Riga Polytechnic Institute twb evacuated mus Moscow. Ntawm no yog lub tsev neeg tej kev nyuaj siab, ib tug ob peb xyoos nyob sab nraum lub nroog, tab sis cov niam txiv hlub classical music thiab feem ntau mus xyuas concerts nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Cov me nyuam nco ntsoov hais tias muaj ib hnub nyob rau hauv 1917, thaum lawv niam twb pub rau tag nrho cov tsev neeg kib dos, raws li cov lwm yam zaub mov tsis yog. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1918, lub tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Ivanovo-Voznesensk, raws li nws txiv pib qhia nyob rau hauv lub koom haum uas tus Riga Polytechnic Institute tau txuas.

Kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow

Nyob rau hauv 1923, lub tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Moscow, thiab Mstislav, uas yog 12 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog, tuaj koom tsev kawm ntawv №7 nyob rau hauv Krivoarbatsky txoj kab. Cov me nyuam tub, nyob rau hauv tsos thiab kev coj cwj pwm li ib tug neeg loj leeb, yog txhoj puab thiab cav ncauj.

Keldysh yog zoo siab rau nws noble keeb kwm, tab sis nws yuav tau yooj yim yog hais tias nws muaj nws zais. Cov hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas nws ib txwm coj ib cov ntaub ntawv "social keeb kwm - noble", yog li nyob rau hauv 1927 nws tau tsis kam lees txais rau lub koom haum ntawm Civil Engineers.

Laus muam Lyudmila tooj mus rau xav li cas ntawm nws txiv, uas pom tus tub ntawm ib tug engineer, ntxias kom nws mus kawm kev ua lej. Mstislav nkag mus hauv lub Moscow State University kws qhia ntawv ntawm lej thiab Physics thiab kawm tiav Lub Xya hli ntuj 24, 1931 Nyob rau hauv muaj zog kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv Keldysh Lavrenteva feemxyuam kawm tiav twb muab mus rau lub Central Aero-hydrodynamic lub koom haum.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub TsAGI

TsAGI zoo heev tej yam kev mob rau cov kev tshawb fawb tau tsim. Ntawm no Keldysh tau ntsib nrog Leonidom Sedovym, uas khi mus txog ze scientific kev koom tes thiab kev ua phooj ywg, yuav cuam tshuam rau txoj hmoo ntawm tus paub txog.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1934-37 luam tawm ib tug series ntawm cov khoom nyob rau aerohydrodynamics, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub feemxyuam paub txog pib daws ib tug ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm aviation nyob rau lub sij hawm - cia li muaj zog deeg uas yuav ua kom puas ib lub dav hlau. Nws theoretical ua hauj lwm pab rau overcome qhov teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua kev tshawb fawb rau nws doctoral dissertation nyob rau kev siv ntawm polynomial series rau sawv cev ntawm harmonic zog thiab complex nce mus nce los, kev tiv thaiv lawv nyob rau hauv 1938

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: tsev neeg thiab cov me nyuam

Nyob rau hauv 1938, tom qab ib tug ntev restore ntawm ib tug sib yuav poj niam, nws muaj txij nkawm Keldysh Stanislav Valeryanovna. Cov nram qab no xyoo, nws muaj ib tug ntxhais, thiab nyob rau hauv 1941 - tus tub ntawm Peter. Tub kawm tiav los ntawm lub Txhua thiab Lej, thiab tom qab ntawd tus ntxhais ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Keldysh tsev cia puav pheej.

Ib tug ntse mathematician

Keldysh txuas ntxiv nws kev tshawb fawb thiab feem ntau collaborated nrog nws tus qub tus kws qhia ntawv Mihailom Lavrentevym. Ib tug ntawm cov ntxhais hais tias nws tau xav paub tias yog cov Dirichlet teeb meem.

Mstislav Keldysh yog ib tug txawj ntse mathematician thiab cov kev tshawb xav ntawm differential sib npaug. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum muaj pab nws ua mus rau lub thov ceg ntawm aerodynamics. Nws yog lub ntsiab theorist tsoom fwv adviser thiab organizer ntawm computational ua hauj lwm uas txuam nrog dav hlau xyaw thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1940-60-ies.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm aircraft co tsuas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj paub tab nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm. Qhov thib ob hais txog teeb meem twb tuav, nws yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej tsaws iav ntawm lub aircraft li tsaws. Ntawm no, nws yog pab tau kev tau nyob rau hauv kev daws kev co teeb meem, thiab nws cov tshuaj shimmy, nrog rau ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia rau cov engineers txog yuav ua li cas muab tshem tawm, piav nyob rau hauv 1945. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Zhukovsky TsAGI, nws tsis tawm hauv lub lej koom haum, lub Department of Txhua yam zaveduya txij li thaum nws inception nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1944 mus txog 1953

Piv txwv ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm lub sij hawm no hais tias nws undertook nyob rau hauv lub Steklov lub koom haum: "Nyob rau nruab nrab quadratic polynomial approximation zog ntawm ib tug complex nce mus nce los" (1945), "Nyob rau interpolation ntawm tag nrho zog" (1947). Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias txawm hais tias cov hauj lwm yog paub daws teeb kev kawm txog zauv, kev txaus siab Keldysh cov teeb meem sawv vim yog lub tswv yim uas originated nyob rau hauv kev daws thov zauv teeb meem.

Space thiab nuclear riam phom

Tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, Mstislav Keldysh yog nce koom nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia txog lub ntsiab kev tshawb fawb uas tau raug siv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv 1946 nws sab laug TsAGI ua lub taub hau ntawm lub dav hlau propulsion tshawb fawb lub koom haum thiab muaj nyob rau cov chaw no rau cuaj lub xyoo.

Nws yog vice-tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv 1961-62 thiab nws cov thawj tswj hwm nyob rau hauv 1962-75, ntsig txog. Nyob rau hauv kev ua koob tsheej ntawm nws 60th ib nyob rau hauv 1971, nws hais tias nws khuv xim qhov txiav ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb thiab tsom rau cov kev tswj thiab saib xyuas. Cuaj kaum, nws ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet nuclear riam phom, raws li zoo raws li qhov chaw pab cuam. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib tug ntawm peb zaum uas npaj nyob rau hauv 1954 los ntawm cov Soviet chaw satellite kev pab cuam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1955 nws tau los ua tus tswj ntawm lub commission teem los saib xyuas cov kev pab cuam. Tus thawj kev vam meej satellite ya nyob rau hauv 1957 cim pib ntawm ib tug intensive kev pab cuam ntawm qhov chaw tshawb fawb, thiab Keldysh twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv no los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv cov koom haum, xws li nws mus ceg ntawm muaj ntaub ntawv kev kawm txog zauv.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau Academy ntawm Sciences

Nyob rau hauv 1959 nws tau tsim lub Interdepartmental Scientific thiab Kev Council, uas tau raug tsa taub hau ntawm Mstislav Keldysh.

Biography ntawm tus paub txog sau tseg nws tenure li Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub USSR, qhov uas nws muaj kev tswj kom nqa tawm loj kho. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub Communist tog tau tso tseg noob caj noob ces, vim hais tias nws tsis haum nws ideology, thiab es tsis txhob txaus siab rau politically tseeb, tab sis cov anti-scientific theories ntawm Trofim Lysenko. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1964, thaum nws colleague Nikolai Nuzhdin tau npaj siab ua ib tug tag nrho cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Academy, Andrei Sakharov, ib tug colleague ntawm tus paub txog los tsim nuclear riam phom, txwv. Cov candidacy tau tsis kam lees, thiab Keldysh contributed rau cov creation ntawm tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science tsis muaj nom tswv cuam tshuam, hais tias cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem uas muaj ces nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nws yog ib yam nyuaj heev.

Nyob rau hauv 1975, rau kev kho mob yog vim li cas Mstislav Keldysh, nws resigned li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub Academy. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog ib nrab vim overwork, tej vim ntawm kev nyuaj siab tshwm sim los ntawm kev cov nyom nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm scientific hom phiaj nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg science yog siv raws li lub ntsiab cuab tam ntawm nom tswv nriaj. Tuag 6/24/78 Keldysh thiab honorably faus nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin Ntsa Necropolis.

tsoom fwv khoom plig

Keldysh tau yeej ntau yam khoom plig ob leeg nyob rau nws lub teb chaws thiab los ntawm txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws. Nws twb muab tsub lub State nqi zog (1942) thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Banner of Labor (1943) rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv aircraft co. Nyob rau hauv 1946 nws tau muab lwm lub xeev nqi zog rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub shimmy.

Nyob rau hauv 1943 nws tau raug xaiv ib tug coj tswv cuab ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences thiab academician ntawm lub tag nrho peb xyoos tom qab. Nyob rau hauv 1956 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Socialist Labor rau daws cov teeb meem kws muaj txuj ci thiab tau txais cov Lenin nqi zog nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1961, nws rov los ua ib tug Hero ntawm Socialist Labor, qhov no lub sij hawm rau nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv rockets thiab "East", lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj manned spacecraft, aboard uas yog Yuri Gagarin. Rau lub sij hawm nws tau txais qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin thiab medals ob peb lub sij hawm.

thoob ntiaj teb paub

Keldysh yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau academies: Mongol (1961), Poland (1962), Czech (1962), Romanian (1965) German (1966), Bulgarian (1966), Hungary (1970) Academies ntawm Sciences, lub American Academy of Arts thiab Sciences (1966 ) thiab nws tau raug xaiv los ib tug mus saib xyuas tug tswv cuab ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv haiv neeg ntawm Edinburgh 1 lub Xya hli ntuj 1968 nws kuj tau txais ib tug mus saib xyuas doctorate ntawm Warsaw University.

Thaum kawg, nws tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU (1961) thiab tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR (1962). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, daim kev ua qab yias lub npe hu ua nyob rau hauv nws yawm, ib tug me nyuam ntiaj chaw, sab nyob rau hauv 1973.