Muaj koob muaj npe Navy: hauj lwm, daim ntawv teev thiab nthuav tseeb

Ntev ua ntej huab tais Peter "qhib ib lub qhov rais" mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv Baltic, thiab pw cov me nyuam yaus ntawm Lavxias teb sab Navy, "hluas nkauj ntawm lub seas" rau centuries hais kav lub tsis nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lub nkag tau rau qhov no yog ob yam tib si tshwj xeeb, insular qhov chaw UK thiab geopolitical yuav tsum nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam tus uas muaj zog European powers - Spain, Fabkis, Portugal.

pib

Tus thawj loj British ships yuav ntshai raws li ib tug trireme thiab diremy Roman faj tim teb chaws, uas yog los rau lo lus nug ntawm shipbuilding li tiag raws li txhua tsav txhua yam - nws sailing-rowing tej nkoj nquam yog cov ncov ntawm technology ntawm lub sij hawm. Tom qab tawm hauv lub Loos thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub British Isles plurality ntawm ntau lub nceeg vaj British ships ho poob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Cheebtsam - tonnage, processability thiab kom muaj nuj nqis.

Motivating impetus mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ntau tshaj ships pib raiding Scandinavians - lub Vikings ferocious ceev thiab maneuverable Drakkar ua ntsoog loj heev raids nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntug hiav nroog thiab lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov kev siv ntawm heev heev saib xyuas fleet tau tso cai rau British txo losses los ntawm intruders.

Cov theem tom ntej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm British tub rog fleet - invasion ntawm William lub Conqueror thiab tsim los ntawm ib tug unitary lub xeev, England. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, thiab sib tham txog cov tsos ntawm cov British fleet.

British Royal Navy

Cov hauj lwm keeb kwm ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Navy ntawm ces yuav tsum pib nrog Henry VII, uas nce lub British fleet ntawm 5 mus rau 30 ships. Kom txog rau thaum lub caij xyoo pua 16th British hiav txwv tshwj xeeb laurels tsis mus nrhiav, tab sis tom qab lub yeej tshaj qhov Mev "Armada" thiab ntau ntau lwm yam Victoria teeb meem naval detachment los ntawm cov European Champions (Spain thiab Fabkis) pib mus rau theem tawm.

Corsairs thiab pirates - ob tog ntawm lub npib tib

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm British tub rog hiav txwv tshwj xeeb thiab tsis meej xwm kab muaj nqis mentioning cov kev ua ub ntawm tus naas ej English corsairs, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg uas twb Frensis Dreyk thiab Henry Morgan. Txawm tias nws overtly predatory "tub ntxhais kev ua ub no", tus thawj ntawm lawv twb knighted thiab yeej lub Spaniards, thiab lub thib ob ntxiv rau cov kawm lus Askiv yas lwm pob zeb diamond - Caribbean archipelago.

R.N.

Cov hauj lwm keeb kwm ntawm lub Navy ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv (muaj discrepancies muaj feem xyuam rau lub xub ntiag ntawm fleets ntawm ces thiab Scotland ua ntej 1707, thaum muaj yog lawv union) pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, lub British pib mus nce tsawg thiab tsawg dua xwb nyob rau hauv naval battles, maj mam nkag mus rau hauv lub koob npe nrov ntawm tus muaj zog tshaj naval powers. Ncov ntawm cov lus Askiv superiority nyob rau tsis ntog rau hauv Napoleonic Wars. Lawv los ua ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd muaj yeeb koob rau lub sailing ships, uas mus txog qhov no taw tes nws hauj qab nthab.

Qhov kawg ntawm tus Napoleonic Wars lub noob nom noob tswv Navy ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv saum lub pedestal ntawm tus muaj zog tshaj fleet nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub British yog cov thawj hloov cov ntoo thiab sail mus rau hauv hlau thiab chav. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov UK Navy tus zoo tsis muaj ib feem nyob rau hauv loj battles, lub Navy mas suav hais tias heev prestigious, thiab xim rau cov txij nkawm ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab kev npaj txhij rau ntawm naval rog yog ib tug tseem ceeb. Lub loj ntawm lub British yam ntxwv rau nws kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub oceans yog qhov tseeb hais tias tsis muaj sau tej lus qhuab qhia qhia kom muaj raws li nram no piv ntawm rog: Royal Navy twb mus yuav muaj zog dua tej ob navies ua ke.

Ntiaj teb: Ib tug loj fleet tiv thaiv cov High Seas Fleet

Muaj koob muaj npe Navy nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog muaj pov thawj yuav tsis li kaj li yuav muaj tau yuav tsum ua ntej yuav pib: ib tug loj fleet, uas nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog lub yeej ntawm lub German High Seas Fleet, nws cov hauj lwm yog tsis mastered - nws tsis yog ho siab tshaj hais tias ntawm lub Germans. Dua li no, lub UK shipbuilding muaj peev xwm yog li ntawd zoo kawg hais tias nws tau khaws cia nws kom zoo dua, yuam lub teb chaws Yelemees mus tso tseg lub tactics ntawm cov loj battles thiab tsiv mus nyob rau lub Raider tactics siv mobile sib txuas submarines.

By lub sij hawm no nws muaj xws li cov creation ntawm ob tug, tsis muaj exaggeration, ib thaj av ntawm warships, uas tau ua lub progenitors ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam nyob rau shipbuilding. Tus thawj yog HMS Dreadnought - ib tug tshiab hom battleship nrog haib riam phom thiab chav turbine tsob nroj, uas nws tsim tau zoo heev thaum lub sij hawm lub 21-pob caus ntawd. Qhov thib ob yog tus HMS Ark muaj koob muaj npe - ib tug aircraft carrier, tau txais kev pab lub Navy ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv kom txog rau thaum 1944.

Txawm tias tag nrho cov losses ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej, rau nws kawg ntawm lub UK nws muaj nyob rau qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm ib tug lossis loj fleet, dangling rau ib tug leaky nyiaj txiag tsim txom. Yog li ntawd, lub Washington Daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv 1922, limiting tus seafarers tej nqi nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm ships, nws tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag txoj kev cawm seej rau lub Aisliasdawm.

Ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog II: Ua hauj lwm rau cov yoov

Muaj koob muaj npe Navy UK fleet ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb ob muaj nees nkaum-ob tug loj-muaj peev xwm ships (lub nkoj tua rog thiab aircraft muaj), 66 ships cruising chav kawm ntawv, ze li ntawm ob puas ncuab thiab rau teb submarines, tsis suav kev tsim kho. Cov rog no muaj ntau dua qhov muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab nws cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lub sij hawm, uas tso cai rau lub British kev cia siab rau ib tug cov paaj sij hawm rau koj tus kheej naval battles.

Lub Germans, paub txog lub superiority ntawm lub British, tsis tau txais kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ncaj qha clashes nrog haib squadrons cov phoojywg thiab ua guerrilla rog. Ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm twb ua si los ntawm submarines, uas lub Peb Reich riveted yuav luag ib txhiab!

Karl Doenitz, "Guderian underwater", tau tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm "hma pob", qhov kev sib liam sib cem nyob rau convoys thiab tawm tsam ntawm lub hom "me ntsis - bounced". Thiab thawj thawj zaug, ya squads ntawm German submarines coj lub British nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm poob siab - lub debut ntawm hostilities nyob rau hauv lub North Atlantic twb muab tsub ib tug staggering nqi ntawm losses nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm thiab nyob rau hauv lub Navy ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv.

Ib qho ntxiv paaj tau rau lub teb chaws Yelemees yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub Navy ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv rau cov 1941 yog npaum li cas poob nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb thiab zoo - lub yeej ntawm Fabkis, qhov qaug dab peg ntawm Belgium thiab lub Netherlands hais txog ib tug mob tshuab mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub Aisliasdawm. Tab sis lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj lub sij hawm zoo siv ib tug me me submarine nrog ib tug me ntsis lub sij hawm, siv yooj yim navigation.

Kev tswj kom rov qab qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis ntawm decrypting cov lis dej num ntawm German submariners, tsim ib tug tshiab system ntawm convoys, vaj tse txaus tus naj npawb ntawm tshwj xeeb escort ships thiab cua them nyiaj yug. Ntxiv British zoo hiav txwv tau txuam nrog ob lub loj loj shipbuilding chaw (lub British tau lub tsev ships sai dua lub Germans sunk lawv), thiab nrog rau cov phooj ywg ua tau zoo rau hauv av. Ltalis tawm los ntawm qhov tsov rog hle lub teb chaws Yelemees ntawm nws Mediterranean tub rog hauv paus, thiab cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Atlantic twb yeej lawm.

Falklands: teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab

Nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm, muaj koob muaj npe Navy ships tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv lub siab dawb paug nyob rau hauv lub Falklands ua tsov ua rog nrog Argentina. Dua li ntawm qhov kev xwm ntawm qhov teeb meem, tsis tau ntawm lub Aisliasdawm ua ob peb puas leej, ob peb ships thiab ib lub teb fighters. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug superior hiav txwv hwj chim nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv yooj yim ua kev rov muaj cov tswj nyob rau hauv lub Falklands.

cold war

Tab sis lub ntsiab caj npab haiv neeg yog tsis nrog cov laus cov yeeb ncuab - Nyiv thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab nrog rau cov tsis ntev los no txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub thaiv - cov Soviet Union. "Lub Txias Tsov rog" yuav nyob rau txhua lub sij hawm ua kub, yog li muaj koob muaj npe Navy yog tseem nyob rau qhov siab alert. Placement ntawm naval bases, kev loj hlob thiab commissioning tshiab hlab ntsha, xws li submarines nrog nuclear riam phom - tag nrho cov British ua twb nyob rau hauv cov nyob qib ntawm lub thib ob tooj. Lub ntsiab teeb meem yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tug titans - lub Soviet Union thiab lub tebchaws United States.

Tub rog British Navy hnub no

Niaj hnub no nws yog suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub qub ntiaj teb thiab yog muaj (nyob rau ib yam hauv paus) nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas Navy NATO. Aircraft muaj thiab missile cruisers uas muaj peev xwm mus nqa nuclear warheads yog lub ntsiab tawm quab yuam ntawm cov rog ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv. Muaj pes tsawg leeg nws nyob rau lub caij 64 ntawm lub nkoj, uas 12 yog submarines, cov cab kuj 2, 6 ncuab, 13 chav kawm ntawv "frigate" ships, peb yuav tsaws 16 Minesweeper thiab nees nkaum saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas tej nkoj nquam. Lwm pab nkoj, "Fort Dzhordzh" yog ib tug tsov rog es arbitrary.

Nws yog ib lub flagship aircraft carrier "qhov chaw tiv" - multipurpose lub nkoj uas ua tsis tau tsuas yog cov hauj lwm ntawm peb xyaum? Lawj aircraft, tab sis kuj yuav tsaws nuj nqi (kis tau tus mob mus txog rau 250 Marines thiab plav khoom). "Qhov chaw tiv" tau ua nyob rau hauv 2001 thiab muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam nyob rau hauv 2005.

Lub ntsiab quab yuam ntawm cov saum toj no-dej yog frigates series "Norfolk", npe hu ua tom qab ib qho lus Askiv duke, thiab submarine - SSBN series "Vanguard", nruab nrog nuclear cuaj luaj. Fleet yog raws li nyob rau hauv Plymouth, Clyde thiab Portsmouth, thiab Plymouth Devonport puag ua hauj lwm pab nyob rau hauv no luag hauj lwm nrog lub 1588! Thaum nws sheltered lub ships dag nyob rau hauv tos ib pliag rau lub heev Mev "Armada". Nws yog tus tsuas yog ib qho uas kho ships nrog nuclear xyaw.

nthuav lus tseeb

Recycling ntawm ships Royal Navy chav kawm ntawv SSBNs (nuclear submarines) yog tsis tau - yog lub Aisliasdawm ib tug hauj ploj. Yog li ntawd, pa lawv ua hauj lwm lub neej ntawm tus submarine cia li fwm kom txog rau thaum zoo lub sij hawm.

Lavxias teb sab missile cruiser pass los ntawm cov hwv dej ntawm lub tebchaws United Kingdom nyob rau hauv 2013 tom tsis tau tsuas yog neeg zoo tib yam tab sis kuj cov rog ntawm lub teb chaws. Lavxias teb sab Navy ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv! Txawm tias tus txheej xwm ntawm lub hiav txwv muaj hwj chim, lub British tsis yooj yim pom ib lub nkoj piv chav kawm ntawv thiab tau mus rau nam ntawm Lavxias teb sab cruiser.

British muaj primacy nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ob hom ntawm ships rau ntau xyoo hloov lub ntsej muag ntawm naval battles: dreadnought - ib tug haib thiab ceev ceev warship, surpassing nws rivals nyob rau hauv agility, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv hwj chim pov thiab ib tug aircraft carrier - ib lub nkoj, uas yog lub ntsiab hnub no Navy yuam tag nrho cov loj lub teb chaws.

thaum kawg

Dab tsi tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub British Navy los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Roman txoj cai thiab mus rau lub hnub tam sim no? Muaj koob muaj npe Navy mus los ntawm lub cev tsis kho sudenyshek Saxon earls txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj hwj chim loj frigates "Manowar" lub sij hawm ntawm Drake thiab Morgan. Thiab ntxiv, twb nyob rau hauv lub ncov ntawm nws lub hwj chim, nws yog tus thawj ntawm lub hiav txwv nyob ib ncig ntawm. Ob lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog tau shaken dominion Pax Britannika, tab sis rau nws thiab nws rog.

Tam sim no, hnub ntawm cov rog ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tonnage yog nyob rau hauv 6 qhov chaw, tom qab Is Nrias teb, Nyiv, Tuam Tshoj, Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States, thiab Americans "Aisliasdawm" loses yuav luag 10 lub sij hawm! Leej twg yuav tau xav hais tias ib tug qub colony tom qab ib tug ob peb centuries yuav condescending laim nyob qhov qub niam lub teb chaws?

Cuaj kaum, tus British Navy - tsis yog tsuas yog phom, aircraft muaj, cuaj luaj thiab submarines. Qhov no yog - keeb kwm. Lub keeb kwm ntawm kuj zoo kawg yeej thiab crushing xwb, heroic deeds thiab tib neeg tragedies ... "lawg Britannia, hluas nkauj ntawm lub seas!"