Population ntawm thaj chaw Smolensk: tus naj npawb thiab haiv neeg

"Hail yog qhov zoo thiab ntau tus neeg" - yog li no piav txog lub koob thau xyoo Smolensk Ustyuzhanskaya chronicle IX century. Qhov no yog thawj zaug uas hais txog Smolensk cheeb tsam zoo heev. Rau lub xyoo ob xyoo lub qub Lavxias teb sab nroog, uas tau dhau los ua ib qho chaw loj hauv cheeb tsam, flaunts rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Dnieper. Taug kev mus rau cov chaw no yuav yog ib qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm thaj av zoo tshaj plaws. Cog yog tsis tsuas xwm, architecture, tab sis kuj cov pej xeem ntawm thaj chaw Smolensk. Cov neeg tuaj tos yeej tuaj yeem txais tos ntawm no, nrog rau ib qho kev Lavxias.

Qhov chaw ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk

Lub tebchaws nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm thaj tebchaws Lavxias teb chaws muaj kev thaj yeeb nrog Smolensk, uas piv rau ib tug tub rog qub qub uas saib xyuas kev thaj yeeb. Thiab, tseeb, ntau tshaj ib zaug no lub nroog heroic los ua ib tug ntaub thaiv npog rau Russia. Smolensk nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub qaum ncav ntawm Dnieper River ntawm ib ncua kev ntawm 365 km los ntawm Moscow. Smolensk thaj av ntawd yog ib tug kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub Central Federal District.

Lub nroog, uas pib ntawm xya toj, uas cov lag luam tawm los ntawm "Varangians mus rau Greeks" yog qhov chaw ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Niaj hnub no Smolensk cheeb tsam muaj ib tug ntau ciam nrog Bryansk, Pskov, Moscow, Kaluga, Tver thaj tsam. Belarus yog nyob ib sab mus rau thaj tsam Smolensk ntawm Vitebsk thiab Mogilev cheeb tsam. Lub cheeb tsam yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1937.

Sau luv ntawm thaj chaw

Thaj tsam Smolensk thaj tsam li 50,000 km ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm East European Plain. Muaj ob qho tib si thiab lowlands ntawm no. Txoj kev nyab xeeb ntawm no yog lub tebchaws qaum teb, txij li lub cheeb tsam huab cua tseem ceeb heev. Tsav los ntawm cheeb tsam no, koj tuaj yeem saib cov chaw nti, qhov chaw zoo nkauj, hav dej hav dej.

Nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw Smolensk muaj ntau yam minerals nrog lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov khoom siv xim av, peat, pob zeb ntsev, loam, av nplaum. Qhov tsis tau txwv tsis pub cov av ntawm curative av, pob zeb hauv av dej. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov khoom siv ntawm pob zeb siv lead ua, silicon, ore, ocher. Peat reserves nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no yog heev loj. Rau kev tsim kho, xuab zeb, gravel, thiab gypsum yog mined ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no muaj ib sim frosty kub, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yog sov thiab rainy. Los ntawm cheeb tsam muaj xws li tributaries ntawm Dnieper, raws li Vyazma, Vop, Desna, Sozh. Ntawm no, xws li cov dej ntws loj loj li lub Volga thiab Oka, uas Vazuza thiab Ugra nkag, rov ua kom tiav lawv cov dej reserves.

Lub ntsiab ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk yog nyob ntawm turf-podzolic xau. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov xuab zeb loam thiab loamy chaw. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no muaj ntau forests, meadows, marshes. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas cog tau dav dav. Lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm forests yog spruce, birch, aspen. Me me tsis tuaj yeem yog oaks, maples, ntoo tshauv, lindens. Lub ntiaj teb tsiaj tuaj ntawm no los ntawm ntau hom tsiaj thiab cov noog. Kwv yees li ntawm 50 hom ntses muaj nyob hauv dej hauv zos.

Keeb kwm keeb kwm

Pib ntawm thaj av ntawm Smolensk nyob Krivichi, cov pej xeem ntawm thaj tsam Smolensk pib los ntawm lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub nroog rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm Kiev Rus. Lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm Smolensk Principality ntog rau lub xyoo pua XII. Rau qee lub sij hawm qee thaj av yog ib feem ntawm lub Lithuanian principality, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau koom tes los ntawm Moscow Thawj Coj. Qhov kawg kev hloov ntawm thaj av Smolensk rau Lavxias xeev tau tshwm sim tom qab Russo-Polish kev sib cav. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua muaj Smolensk xeev.

Thaum pib ntawm lub caij nyoog Soviet, qee qhov chaw ntawm Smolensk cheeb tsam yog ib feem ntawm lub Belarusian SSR. Thiab txij li xyoo 1937 nws tau txais ciam teb tam sim no.

Naas ej lwm haiv neeg

Cov neeg nto moo tau yug nyob rau thaj av Smolensk, ntawm lawv cov kws tshaj lij, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov nkauj zoo nkauj, cov neeg sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam, cov duab puab. Muaj ntau tus neeg raug ntaus los ntawm lawv tus kheej los ntawm nto moo composer M. Glinka. Nws nyob ntawm no tias thawj cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin yug. Ib tus cwj mem unforgettable, ib tug circus artist Yuri Nikulin kuj yog ib thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw Smolensk. Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av ntawd tau zoo siab ntawm cov neeg zoo xws li A. Tvardovsky, N. Przhevalsky, S. Konenkov, A. Azimov, A. Griboyedov.

Cov pej xeem ntawm thaj chaw Smolensk

Cov Kev Sib Cog Ntawm Tag nrho Xwm Russia ntawm 2010 pom tau tias ntawm 18 cheeb tsam ntawm Central Region ntawm Federation of Smolensk cheeb tsam coj lub 16th qhov chaw. Cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk yog 985 tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm ntawm keeb kwm kev tshwm sim, qhov no daim duab tau hloov ntau zaus. Raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Qhov Kev Xam Teev Cov Kev Pabcuam, nyob rau xyoo 2013 cov pejxeem ntawm Smolensk yog 19.59 tus neeg toj ib square kilometer. Qhov poob hauv qhov ceev hauv nws lub sij hawm yog pawg los cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hauv paus hauv nroog.

Tus xov tooj ntawm nroog pejxeem nyob deb tshaj cov xov tooj uas nyob deb nroog tuaj. Yog li no qhov no sib npaug zos rau 72% ntawm cov neeg hauv zos rau 28% ntawm cov neeg nyob deb nroog. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov poj niam uas piv rau cov txiv neej kuj tseem ceeb tshaj. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov poj niam tam sim no yog 536,900, thiab rau cov txiv neej - 448,600.

Nyob rau hauv lub peev ntawm cheeb tsam, lub nroog ntawm Smolensk, raws li suav rau Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 2017, 328 906 tus neeg nyob.

Population ntawm thaj tsam Smolensk los ntawm lub zos thiab cov cheeb tsam

Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Smolensk, ntawm chav kawm, yog lub peev ntawm cheeb tsam - Smolensk. Tus naj npawb ntawm lub nroog hais saum toj no. Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws lub nroog yog lub zoo nkauj koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Vyazma, nyob rau hauv 54,259 neeg. Tom ntej no mus rau nws mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Roslavl nrog ib tug pej xeem ntawm 51 775 inhabitants. Yuav luag txhua tus tib neeg yog cov cheeb tsam ntawm Yartsevo thiab Safonovo (46,219 thiab 43,727). Nyob hauv nroog Gagarin muaj 26 916 tus neeg, hauv Desnogorsk muaj 28 518 leej neeg nyob hauv. Ntawm no yog lwm, tsawg dua nyob hauv thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam Smolensk nyob rau hauv cov pejxeem:

• Rudnya - 9 650.
• Yelnya - 9 460.
• Kev kho yog 8 684.
• Sib ntsib - 8,246.
• Yawm suab - 7,078.
• Demidov - 6 585.
• Kev Ntseeg - 4 125.

Cov pej xeem ntawm cov cheeb tsam tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk muaj cov cim nram qab no:

• Velizh koog tsev kawm ntawv - 11 114.
• Vyazemsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 77,359.
• Gagarinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 45,940.
• Glinkovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 4,404.
• Demidov koog tsev kawm ntawv - 12 310.
• Dorogobuzhsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 27,376.
• Dukhovschinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 15 484.
• Elninsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 13 846.
• Ershichsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 6 444.
• Kardymovskiy koog tsev kawm ntawv - 12 499.
• Krasninskiy koog tsev kawm ntawv - 12,269.
• Monastyrshchinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 9 472.
• Novoduginsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 9 603.
• Pochinkovsky District - 29,851.
• Roslavl koog tsev kawm ntawv - 71,990.
• Rudnya koog tsev kawm ntawv - 23 562.
• Safonovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 58,803.
• Smolensky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 53 889.
• Sychevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 13 807.
• Temkinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 5,971.
• Ugransky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 8 190.
• Hislavichsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 8 106.
• Holm-Zhirkovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 9 754.
• Shumyachsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 9,909.
• Yartsevsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - 54 231.

Tsis ntev los no cov pej xeem kwv yees

Cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk nyob rau hauv 2016 yog 958 600 tus neeg. Txij lub Ib Hlis 1 ntawm lub xyoo no, cov neeg hauv nroog tau muaj 690,000 (72%), cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 268,600 (28%). Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias thaj chaw thaj tsam ntawm thaj av ntawd muaj ntau tshaj qhov so. Cov qis tshaj plaws nyob rau sab nruab nrab sab hnub tuaj (Temkinsky, Ugransky). Tus naj npawb ntawm cov me nyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas yog 336 000 tus neeg. Cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk nyob rau hauv 2016 poob dua piv rau 2015 los ntawm 6000 tus neeg.

Lub teb chaws muaj pes tsawg leeg

Muaj coob tus xav tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam Smolensk, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv nws haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg. 97% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Smolensk nyob hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhov thib ob qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Belarus (0.83%). Ukrainian lub teb chaws yog tuaj ntawm no ntawm 0.64%. Cov neeg Yudais raug sawv cev nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 0.56%. Gypsies nyob thoob plaws 0.18% ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov neeg tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis tseem muaj cov Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Tug Tub Rog, Georgians, Germans nyob hauv cheeb tsam.

Tej chaw zoo nkauj

Yuav kom txuag tau ntau yam, nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav, Smolensk Lake District tau tsim nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Lub npe no tau muab rau lub tshwj tseg no vim yog lub pas dej 35 uas tsim nws cov qauv. Txhua ntawm lawv yog nrov rau nws qhov kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb. Cov qhua rau Smolensk pom yog plunged rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo heev. Nyob rau ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia muaj ntau keeb kwm monuments. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug laus ancient Lavxias teb sab nroog Verzhavsk uas flourished nyob rau hauv lub IX-XII centuries.

Cov chaw zoo nkauj uas zoo nkauj no kuj txuas nrog tus neeg ncig tebchaws thiab tus neeg tshawb fawb txog cov neeg Esxias cov teb chaws - NM Przhevalsky. Muaj coob tus neeg ncig teb chaw thiab cov neeg hauv zos paub txog qhov chaw muaj suab npe hu ua "Holy Well".

Kev teeb tsa architectural monuments

Ntawm feem ntau ancient architectural vaj tse ntawm Smolensk, ib tug yuav paub qhov txawv ntawm lub pob zeb fortress fortress. Nws tseem nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Tsar Fedor Ioanovich, txij li thaum nyob rau hauv 16th thiab 17th centuries territorial disputes sawv nruab nrab ntawm Moscow Principality thiab Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Kwv yees li ntawm 30,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm tau siv rau qhov kev tsim kho no. No lub vaj tsev pob zeb muaj duab thaiv ntawm phab ntsa thiab 38 tus yees, qee leej mus txog 33 meters ntawm qhov siab. Qhov no yog qhov phab ntsa tshaj plaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Rus. Kev saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm tus naas ej Smolensk tus tswv Fedor Kon.

Nyob rau thaj tsam Smolensk, xws li tsis muaj lwm yam, kev pov hwm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lig kev cai ntawm Mongol. Muaj tej hauj lwm hauv Baroque style, zoo li cov qauv ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj tsis tsim nyog.

Nyob rau hauv Smolensk muaj ntau cim memorial, complexes, uas kaw lub cim xeeb ntawm ntau cov tub rog txheej xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau cov monumental monuments nplooj siab mus rau nrov countrymen. "Green Necklace ntawm lub nroog" - yog li cov neeg nyob hauv Smolensk hu lawv cov chaw ua si thiab cov vaj lub tsev.

Cov tsev loj loj thiab cov ntseeg Orthodox

Muaj coob leej tau hnov lub zos Boldino, nyob hauv cheeb tsam Smolensk. Feem ntau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj mus rau ntawm cov kev mus ncig ua si. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm no yog lub Vaj Ntsuj Trinity Monastery. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Monk Gerasim Boldinsky nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua pua. Muaj ntau zaus hauv lub tuam tsev no tau raug txum tim rov qab lawm, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem thov cov neeg tuaj xyuas.

Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Novospassky, Smolensk cheeb tsam, muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej-qub ntawm Mikhail Glinka, qhov chaw uas nws ib zaug nyob. Qhov no manor tsuas yog lub monument tshwj xeeb rau tus paub zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab. Lub qub txeeg qub teg muaj ib lub tsev nyob hauv ob lub tsev, ib chav tsev noj mov, ib lub tsev qhua, ib qho khoom noj, ib chav tsev sib tw, zoo nkauj arbors thiab ib lub tuam tsev neeg. Feem ntau rau cov qhua ntawm tus qub txeeg qub tes nrov nrov lub suab piano.

Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Khmelita nyob rau thaj tsam Smolensk, tus qub chaw ntawm Griboedov tsev neeg tau tshwj tseg. Ib co nta ntawm lub tuam tsev no muaj peev xwm raug pom hauv nws lub neej tsis txawj tuag "Woe from Wit". Nyob rau hauv lub palace thiab chaw ua si cov chaw ua si muaj ib lub tsev zeb, 4 tis, ib lub tiaj ua si nrog alleys, 2 ponds thiab ib lub tuam tsev.

Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub zos ntawm Gnezdovo thiab Katyn, Smolensk cheeb tsam yog lub memorial complex "Katyn". Rau ib lub sij hawm ntev heev ntawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm no qhov tsis tau hais, txij li thaum xyoo 1940 tragic xwm txheej tau qhov chaw ntawm no. Nws nyob hauv koog hav zoov uas muaj ntau yam kaum txhiab tus tub ceev xwm thiab lwm cov neeg raug kaw. Lub cim nco yog ib qho tseem hluas, nws tau qhib rau xyoo 2000. Lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub memorial yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm iav rooj vag. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub complex yog ib tug High School Orthodox, los ntawm nws mus rau Memory Memory.

Nyob rau thaj tsam Smolensk, ntau lub tuam tsev tau ua, tab sis tsuas yog peb ntawm lawv tau dim ntawm Mongol lub sijhawm dhau los: Lub Koom Txoos Pab Koom Txoos, Lub Chaw Txiav Txim Siab, lub Monastery ntawm St. Sergius hauv lub Koom Txoos ntawm Ascension Monastery.