Proton loj

Thaum nws twb ntseeg tau tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws chav tsev ntawm cov qauv ntawm tej yam khoom uas - ib tug qauv. Tom qab ntawd, invention yog ntau haib rub kom pom loj, noob neej ras mus nrhiav tau tswvyim atom - molecular puas hais. Nws yuav zoo li uas tsawg npaum li cas? Meanwhile, txawm tom qab nws tau qhia hais tias atom nyob rau hauv lem muaj me me ntsiab.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua British physicist Rutherford Ernest qhib nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm atomic nuclei - lub hauv paus lug, lub sij hawm ntawd cim pib ntawm ib tug succession ntawm kev txom discoveries txog cov yam ntxwv caij ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws chav tsev ntawm teeb meem.

Rau hnub tim, raws li nyob rau hauv lub nuclear qauv ntawm atomic qauv , thiab vim heev heev cov kev tshawb fawb, nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov atom muaj ib tug nucleus, uas yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug electron huab. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm xws li ib tug "huab" - electrons los yog elementary hais nrog ib tug tsis zoo xwb. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais, on qhov tsis tooj, muaj hais nrog ib tug electrically zoo xwb txais protons lub npe. Twb hais saum toj no, lub British physicist twb tau mus soj ntsuam thiab tom qab kom piav no tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv 1919, nws ua ib tug xyaum ua tej yam, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub fact tias alpha hais khob qhov rooj hydrogen nuclei ntawm lub nuclei ntawm lwm yam hais. Yog li, nws tseem tau mus nrhiav thiab ua kom pom tias cov protons - tsis tsuas cov nucleus ntawm lub hydrogen atom tsis muaj ib tug electron. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub physics protons yog qhia los ntawm cov cim p los yog p + (uas txhais tau tias zoo xwb).

Proton nyob rau hauv Greek txhais hais tias "tus thawj loj" - ib lub tsev particle, muaj kev xav txog cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm baryons, piv txwv li kuj hnyav elementary hais. Nruab nrab yog ib tug ruaj khov qauv, nws lub neej yog ntau tshaj li 2.9 x 10 (29) xyoo.

Nruj me ntsis hais lus, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub proton, lub atomic nucleus kuj muaj neutrons, uas, raws li nyob rau hauv lub npe, neutrally them. Ob leeg ntawm cov ntsiab hu ua nucleons.

Qhov loj ntawm lub proton, los ntawm virtue ntawm cuab tshwm sim, ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis tau ntsuas. Tam sim no peb paub hais tias nws yog

mp = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Nws li zoo nkaus li thiab so loj ntawm lub proton.

Peb tam sim no xav txog lub tej cheeb tsam rau txawv understandings proton loj physics.

Cov pawg ntawm hais tsis pub dhau lub nuclear physics feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm ib tug txawv saib, nws yog ib chav tsev ntawm kev ntsuas amu

Amu - atomic loj unit. Ib amu sib npaug zos rau 1/12 qhov loj ntawm ib tug carbon atom, uas yog ncaj rau tus loj tus naj npawb ntawm 12. Li no, 1 atomic loj chav tsev yog sib npaug zos rau 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

proton loj, yog li ntawd, raws li nram no:

mp = 1,007276 zoo li. e. m.

Muaj yog ib txoj kev qhia qhov loj ntawm lub zoo them hais siv ntau chav nyob ntawm kev ntsuas. Ua li no, ua ntej koj yuav tsum siv rau kev tso lub equivalence ntawm loj thiab lub zog E = mc2. Qhov twg c - ceev ntawm lub teeb, thiab nrog m - lub cev huab hwm coj.

proton loj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum ntsuas nyob rau hauv megaelectronvolts los yog MeV. Qhov no ntsuas yog siv heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub nuclear physics thiab nuclear thiab ua hauj lwm pab los ntsuas lub zog uas yog tsim nyog rau cov kev hloov ntawm lub particle ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub electrostatic teb. Nrog cov mob uas lub peev xwm sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog sib npaug zos rau 1 Volt.

Li no, muab hais tias 1 amu = 931,494829533852 MeV proton loj yog kwv yees li

mp = 938 MeV.

Qhov no xaus tau tau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm loj-spectroscopic ntsuam thiab hais tias tus luj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yog qhia saum toj no, thiab tseem hu ua e nergiey proton so.

Yog li, ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej, tus luj ntawm lub tsawg tshaj plaws particle yuav qhia los ntawm peb sib txawv qhov tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv peb ntau units.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub proton loj yuav tsum qhia tias txheeb ze rau qhov loj ntawm lub electron, uas yog lub npe hu rau ntau "nyuaj" hais yog zoo them. Vaj huam sib luag hnyav nrog ib tug ntxhib xam thiab ib tug tseem ceeb kev ua yuam kev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav 1836.152 672 txheeb ze mus rau lub electron loj.