Qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia. Siab roob ntawm Russia

Keeb kwm, lub geography ntawm Russia npog ob teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Thiab yog hais tias thaj feem ntawm lub teb chaws yog lub tiaj tiaj, ces dhau ntawm lub Urals, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws roob cov qoob loo yog nyob.

Feem ntau cov roob siab siab ntawm Guj kuj - lub Caucasus. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg geographers txawv ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv European feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb los yog xa mus rau Asia. Lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub Alps - Mount Mont Blanc (4810 meters) - yog qhov tsis zoo rau nws cov lus Askiv "competitor". Caucasian loj heev ua rau nws muaj ntau txoj kev.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ncov

Qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm Russia yog lub roob hu ua Elbrus, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Kabardino-Balkaria thiab Karachay-Cherkess Republic, hauj sim 43 ° 21'11 "sab qaum teb latitude, 42 ° 26'13" sab hnub tuaj ntev. Lub ncov muaj conical shape, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Caucasus thiab yog pom txawm tias ib puas kilometer.

Ob qho hluav taws xob volcanoes-peaks tsim rau ib qho tectonic puag. Qee lub sij hawm qhov siab ntawm Elbrus nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw sib txawv, vim tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov saum no coj mus rau hauv tus account. Lub khob sab hnub tuaj (5621 m) yog xam cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab muaj cov qauv ntawm ib lub tais hluav taws xob. Lub sab hnub poob (qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm Russia) ncav txog 5642 m, nws yog ib qho ancient thiab tawg. Nruab nrab ntawm qhov siab tshaj qhov ze li ntawm ib thiab ib nrab ntawm cov kis lus mev.

Geographical cov ntaub ntawv

Elbrus yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm so, tab sis lub volcanic kev nyob rau hauv nws tsis nres thiab ntxiv mus rau tsim nyob rau ntawm ib tug tob ntawm txog 6-7 km.

Lub roob ntawm lub roob no feem ntau yog tiaj tiaj, tab sis thaum lawv nce siab tshaj 4 km lawv lub ncus nce mus txog 35 degrees. Sab qaum teb thiab qaum teb ntawm qhov ua siab tshaj yog ntau dua precipitous, ntsug qhov ntsug slopes yuav mus txog 700 meters.

Saum toj no 3500 meters yog them nrog nws kim heev glaciers nrog ib tug tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm 145 km ^2, uas xaus rau hauv qab ntawm icefalls. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sov huab cua ntawm cov hav dej Caucasian cov kua dej ntawm Elbrus cov dej khov rau qhov chaw ntawm cov hav dej zoo nkauj thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv thaj av - Malki, Baksan thiab Kuban.

Cov zajlus tau them nrog lub pob zeb txaij ua ntej cov daus saum daus. Feem ntau ntawm cov pob zeb yog granites, gneisses, diabases thiab lwm cov khoom volcanic ntawm ancient keeb kwm.

Elbrus yog qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws nyob rau Russia, muaj ncav rau pua pua mais nws cov snow-ice thickness, tau txiav txim siab huab cua thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm nram hav, cov toj roob hauv pes thiab feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig rau ntau lab tus xyoo.

Uncorrected qhov siab

Qhov chaw Caucasus roob tsim ib tug nyuaj ib puag ncig rau climbers. Lub siab ntawm hypoxia yog siab tshaj qhov ntawm Tibet thiab cov Himalayas. Qhov no nrog rau cov huab cua uas tsis tshua muaj huab cua thiab Arctic kev nyab xeeb ntawm Elbrus thaum lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm txoj kev sib tham yuav tsum muaj kev koom tes ntawm txhua lub cev muaj peev xwm, kev txawj ntse, kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj nce ub nce ntsis.

Rau thawj lub sij hawm qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm Russia tau kov yeej hauv xyoo 1829 los ntawm kev ntoj ke mus kawm los ntawm General Emanuel GA Hunter los ntawm Balkaria - Ahia Sottaev - thawj zaug tuaj txog ob qho peaks, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog ib puas thiab nees nkaum ib zaug nce lub roob. Nce toj Elbrus tam sim no tau ua ib qho chaw, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm ntau txoj kev, tsim thiab tsim nyog. Ncov yog ntawm xya qhov kev xav tau tshaj plaws los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm txhua lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias qhov kev sib tw treacherous nrog ntau yam txaus ntshai glaciers yuav siv txog 10 climbers ib xyoos.

Fairy Elbrus

Picturesque slopes ntawm lub roob tau hu los ntawm cov laus lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv epics, legends, legends thiab epics. Ci thiab flowering nram hav tau hloov nrog snow glaciers thiab liab qab qhov chaw mos. Nyob rau hauv lub zais ze ntawm lub roob yog muab zais majestic thiab zoo heev qhov tsua, attracting lovers ntawm speleology. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw so thiab thaj tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Elbrus, nws cov kwj deg ntawm cov ntxhia dej raug ntaus, uas yog nrov rau lawv cov khoom kho mob.

Hauv cov txhais lus los ntawm cov lus ntawm cov neeg ntawm North Caucasus, Elbrus txhais tau hais tias "siab," "lub ntuj khov nyob mus ib txhis ntawm kev zoo siab." Qhov no ncov, raws li zaj lus dab neeg, tseem yog thaj av tsuas yog tom qab Dej Dag Zog. Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm Caucasus admired lub greatness thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub roob, Pushkin AS thiab M. Lermontov hu nkauj nws.

Tam sim no tourists thiab lovers ntawm skiing thiab huab recreation yuav qhuas lub qhov ua siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub nrov tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab chaw ua si complex.

Thaum lub sij hawm Great Patriotic War nyob rau hauv high slopes ntawm Elbrus tiag tiag battles. Qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm Russia raug ntes los ntawm cov tub rog German, thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj ntawm cov lus ntuas ntawm kev xyuam xim yog kom muab lub npe loj tshaj plaws hauv cov teb chaws Europe loj tshaj rau "Hitler's Peak". Txawm li cas los, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1943, cov tub rog mountaineers ntawm Soviet Cov Tub Rog tau muab cov invaders los ntawm Elbrus.

Roob tsib-txhiab

Txoj kev sib tshuam thiab ntau thaj chaw ntawm Russia muaj lwm tus 71 lub nceeg vaj, txhua tus uas tshaj qhov cim ntawm 4000 meters. Ntawm no, 67 peaks nyob rau hauv Greater Caucasus, ob lub roob nyob hauv Altai, peb muaj nyob hauv Kamchatka.

Los ntawm tsib-txhiab tus yog qhov point tshaj plaws ntawm Russia - lub Elbrus zoo kawg li, tab sis kuj xya ntau peaks ntawm lub Caucasus.

Dykhtau yog ob qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Caucasus (5204 m). Vim yog lub steepness ntawm lub slopes, lub rockiness thiab inclination ntawm glaciers yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau nyuaj peaks nyob rau hauv Russia. Yog li ntawd, tau kov yeej ntau xyoo tom qab Elbrus, xyoo 1888. Tuav kom nce lub roob tsuas yog cov tshaj plaws thiab xav ua kom tau climbers.

Koshtantau yog ib qhov siab tshaj 5152 m siab tshaj plaws. Tshaj li qhov tsis tau tshaj plaws ntawm lub Caucasus Toj siab. Conquered tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1899. Nws nta cim kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj marble glaciers.

Peak Pushkin - qhov siab ntawm 5033 m. Nws raug xaiv los ntawm yawm ntawm centenary ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Quaintly nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob peaks - Eastern Dykhtau thiab Borovikov ncov. Lub roob zoo nkauj, ntse thiab ntse nce saum toj taum lwm qhov siab, nce toj siab yog hu ua "gendarme".

Dzhangitau - "roob tshiab" hauv qhov siab ntawm 5085 m. Nyob rau ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Georgia yog ib feem ntawm Bezengi phab ntsa, nws yog nws siab tshaj plaws taw tes. Lub siab ceev tshaj plaws yog xam cov crest ntawm lub roob ntau thiab competes rau lub npe ntawm lub feem ntau yooj yim rau ascent. Qhov no yuav luag yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov nce siab.

Shhara. Tam sim no, qhov siab ntawm lub roob yog ib lub cim ntawm 5068 meters, tab sis qhov no daim duab tsis tau kawg. Conquered nyob rau hauv 1888. Vim nws txawv cov duab, cim qauv thiab qhov chaw, feem ntau cov neeg ncig teb chaw yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm lub peaks uas adorn lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm Russia. Shkhara yog quaintly ua ntawm granite pob zeb thiab muaju, lub ncov yog decorated nrog whimsical grottoes thiab qhov tsua. Nyob rau sab tav toj ntawm lub ncov yog ob lub txiaj ntsim glaciers ntawm Caucasus - Bezengi thiab Shkhara, uas ntws nrog dej khov dej txias thiab xaus nrog cov dej ntws tsis zoo. Ntawm no yog lub hauv paus ntawm tus Dej Inguri.

Lub legendary Kazbek yog kev txaus siab ntawm txhua Caucasian. Qhov siab yog 5033.8 m. Lub npe yog txhais los ntawm ntau hom lus xws li "ib lub pob zeb tawg dawb nrog rau dej khov saum toj". Thawj ascent yog nyob rau xyoo 1868. Hais txog kev tsaug zog volcanoes. Nws ua si nyob rau hauv 2002 coj mus rau lub qee nyob rau hauv Karmadon noj tsau hwv lawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua ntawm Kazbek, nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 3800 meters, yog nyob rau yav tom ntej Georgian Bethlehem monastery ntawm Betlemy. Thiab raws li cov kev coj ntawm Chechens, nws yog rau lub roob no tias Prometheus tau khi.

Lub ncov ntawm Mizhirga yog qhov kawg ntawm tsib-txhiab tus Caucasus thiab Russia. Nws muaj ob lub pob zeb: sab hnub poob (5025 m siab) thiab sab hnub tuaj (4927 m) - ob qho kev tawm tsam ntawm ib lub roob roob.

Kev ntshaw rau kev nce toj

Yog hais tias mountaineer kov yeej lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm Russia (qhov no Mount Elbrus), cov lwm yam xya siab tshaj plaws peaks ntawm lub Caucasus, thiab ob ntau peaks, cov Mountaineering Federation muab tsub lub title ntawm "tsov txaij daus Russia".

Belukha Roob (4509 m) txhais tau hais tias "peb-ncav lub ncov ntawm Katun". Kiag li dawb thiab cov roob siab tshaj plaws ntawm Altai Toj siab. Nws muaj ob lub peaks thiab Belukha eeb nrog ib qhov ntev ntawm 4000 m. Vim tias muaj huab cua phem, nws tau kov yeej tsuas yog xyoo 1914.

Ntawm cov volcanoes, lub siab tshaj plaws point ntawm Russia thiab Eurasian sab av loj yog Klyuchevskaya Sopka (qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 4750 mus rau 4850 m, tom qab qhov kev tawg nyob rau hauv xyoo 2013 - 4835 m). Tau subjugated ib tus thawj hauv 1788. Nws yog ib txheej ntawm basalt lava. Cov dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau zaus, tshauv siab tau nce mus txog 8 km.