Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug qhuav-hom transformers? Specifications thiab Scope

Thaum uas siv cov ib lub hwj chim theem tsim nyog hloov mus rau lwm lub voltage. Qhuav hom transformers (txwv tsis pub - cov huab cua-txias) ua no muaj nuj nqi yam xyuam xim thiab zoo li hais tias lawv yog lug siv rau sab hauv tsev installation nyob rau hauv pej xeem thiab thaj vaj tse, qhov twg lwm yam ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm pom tau hais tias yuav dhau lawm pheej hmoo.

Transformer hom: kua thiab qhuav

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, muaj ob ntau hom kev xws li: ib tug kua rwb thaiv tsev thiab cua txias (kua hom) thiab txias nrog cua los yog cua-roj sib tov (qhuav hom).

Rau thawj lub hom transformer txias nruab nrab tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug pa ntxhia roj. Tsis tas li ntawd thov lwm yam, xws li inflammable hydrocarbons thiab silicone kua. Cov transformers muaj ib tug tub ntxhais thiab windings yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug tank uas muaj ib cov kua nruab nrab, uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug insulator, thiab ib tug txias.

Feem ntau cov hwj chim transformers yog qhuav windings uploaded epoxy cob pab raws li ib tug insulator. Nws tiv thaiv cov conductors ntawm hmoov av thiab atmospheric corrosion. Txawm li cas los, txij thaum lub puab rau casting reels yog tsuas yog siv nrog taag ntau thiab tsawg pab, nws tseem tau los mus hloov lub tsim ntawm xws li yog tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob fais fab mov me me muaj Enterprises, raws li zoo raws li pej xeem thiab thaj vaj tse, qhuav-hom transformers siab theej tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm daim ntawv Tuition Waiver ntawm nws cov kua counterparts.

Lub ntsiab tsis

Qhov tseem tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv lub lag luam los ntawm qhov suav hais tias pab kiag li lawm - yog los xyuas kom meej qhov kub ntawm lub windings. Yuav kom pab tau nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv los yog yuav tus ntaus ntawv rau qhuav-hom fais fab mov ntawm ntau yam khoom, xav txog ib tug ob peb yooj yim kev khiav hauj lwm tsis:

1. KVA.
2. The nyob voltage ntawm cov thawj thiab theem nrab windings.
3. Thaum tshav kub kub hloov lwm lub tsev rwb thaiv tsev system - tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj ambient kub ntawm + nruab nrab kub sawv nyob rau hauv lub windings + sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab kub sawv nyob rau hauv lub windings thiab lub siab tshaj plaws daim duab nyob rau hauv lawv.
4. Cov tub ntxhais thiab kauj - ntawm kev tseem ceeb yog ua tau kev puas tsuaj rau cov tub ntxhais los yog tsub zuj zuj ntawm bundles (tooj liab los yog txhuas conductors).

Nws muaj ntau hom ntawm transformer tsim txhais feem ntau siv txoj kev ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm windings. Ntawm lawv yog cov paub zoo: Nqus impregnation, encapsulation thiab cam khwb cia kauj. Cia peb xav txog txhua yam uas lawv nyias.

Rho tawm lub tshuab nqus tsev impregnation txheej txheem (VPI)

Qhov no technology tsim ib tug lacquer txheej conductors ntawm alternating siab thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev mus. VPI-txheej txheem siv polyester cob. Nws muab zoo dua varnished conductors dua pa immersion muaj pes tsawg leeg. Coils, them rau lawv, ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub cub tawg, qhov twg ci. Lawv tau ntau npaum li cas resistant rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm corona ntswg. Yuav ua li cas puas xws li ib tug transformer? Diam duab hauv qab no.

Rho tawm los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev encapsulation (VPE)

Qhov no txoj kev no feem ntau yog superior rau VPI-txheej txheem. Ntau immersions ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim txoj kev rau encapsulate lub kauj, tom qab uas lawv tau ci nyob rau hauv lub txheej cub tawg. Cov transformers yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv txhoj puab heev thiab noo kev kawm tshaj lawv VPI-analogues. Yuav ua li cas puas xws li ib tug transformer? Duab hais hauv qab no nws.

Encapsulation (sealing)

Encapsulated transformers - ib tug pa ntaus nrog coils them nrog silicon tebchaw los yog epoxy cob thiab tag nrho uas xa tuaj nrog nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav casing. Qhuav txheej txheem nyob hauv lub tuab winding nrog epoxy cob nrog ib tug high school cov dielectric zog, tiv thaiv cov transformer los ntawm tej tus ntawm ib puag ncig.

Cam khwb cia kauj (nyob rau hauv ib tug compacted molded epoxy cob)

Cov pab kiag li lawm comprise ib kauj, encapsulated nyob rau hauv ib tug epoxy cob nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim. Lawv yog kiag li lawm ua tus sau nrog cob nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev.

Txhua yam ntawm tus winding rwb thaiv tsev hom kev kawm uas haum rau tej kev kawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov chaw uas zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv kom tsim nyog hom kiag li lawm. Piv txwv li, qhuav-hom transformers nrog cam khwb cia rwb thaiv tsev yog hais txog 50% ntau kim tshaj cov khoom VPE los yog VPI. Yog li, cov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug hom ntaus ntawv yuav ho cuam tshuam rau lub zuag qhia tag nrho tus nqi ntawm qhov kev tsim.

Pom zoo rau kev xaiv ib tug

Yog hais tias tsim nyog, nce kuj mus corona ntswg (m. E. Hluav taws xob cov ntswg tshwm sim los ntawm ib daim teb lub zog ntau dua qhov dielectric zog ntawm rwb thaiv tsev) thaum nce txhua yam dag lub zog ntawm cov winding yog tsis yuav tsum tau, siv VPI-hom transformer.

Siv ib tug cam khwb cia coils uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv zog thiab kev tiv thaiv, rau piv txwv, nyob rau hauv corrosive npuas, xws li tshuaj ua cov nroj tsuag, cog cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li rau sab nraum zoov installation. Corrosive npuas muaj xws li tshuaj uas tej zaum yuav detrimental rau lwm windings ntawm qhuav-hom transformers, xws li ntsev, hmoov, corrosive gases, ya raws thiab nws yog xim hlau hais.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub winding nrog cam khwb cia cob muaj ib tug paub muaj peev xwm los mus tiv luv luv-term thiab repetitive overload cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam muaj dab.

Engineer feem ntau tau ua ib tug xaiv ntawm ib tug ntaus nrog ib tug cam khwb cia cob los yog nws VPI / VPE-hom rau siv nyob rau hauv cov huab tej yam kev mob thiab corrosive tej kev kawm. Tus thawj hom no feem ntau yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ib txhia manufacturers, txawm li cas los, qhov ntawd qhia tias lub cam khwb cia cob rwb thaiv tsev txwv cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub transformer. Lub coefficient ntawm thermal expansion ntawm epoxy yog me dua hais tias ntawm lub tooj liab conductors. Cyclical expansion thiab contraction ntawm cov cua kub thiab cua txias coils yuav thaum kawg ua rau ntes ntawm lub cob. Nws kuj muab sau tseg tias VPI-hom transformer yuav tiv zoo nrog xws li dab thiab yog li ntawd yuav kav ntev dua. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, zaum kawg xaiv yog ib lub hwj chim engineer.

Kua hom tiv thaiv qhuav

Kua-sau transformers, yuav muaj ib tug ntau dua efficiency tshaj qhuav, li ntawd, lawv muaj ib lub neej ntev. Ntxiv mus, lub kua nruab nrab yog zoo tshaj kom txias hauv zos qhov chaw ntawm kub nyob rau hauv lub windings. Plus, ib tug kua puv li muaj ib tug zoo dua tshaj lub peev xwm.

Yog li, qhuav 1000 Kva transformer nrog ib tug ib nrab load theem ntawm losses kwv yees li 8 kW, thiab ib tug tag nrho - hais txog 16 kW. Yog li ib tug "txhiab tus", tab sis lub kua yog hais txog ib nrab pov tseg. Roj "dvuhtysyachnika" nyob rau hauv ib nrab load tsis muaj 8 kW thiab tag nrho - 16 kW. Nws qhuav analogue yus cov nqi 13 thiab 26.5 kW, ntsig txog. Qhov no txhais tau tias lub championship yog questionable qhuav transformers kom cov theem ntawm losses. Lawv cov nqi nyob rau tib lub sij hawm siab tshaj hais tias ntawm cov kua.

Vim ntau intensive txias kua winding ntaus ntawv muaj me me thiab qhov ntev (tob thiab dav) tshaj qhuav zoo xws li cov muaj peev xwm. Qhov no tej zaum yuav muaj ib cov nyhuv rau qhov tsim nyog rau thaj tsam ntawm transformer substations (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua-nyob rau hauv), thiab chaw pib lub nqi ntawm tag nrho cov chaw. Piv txwv li, ib tug raug qhuav-hom transformer 1000 KVA muaj ib tug tob ntawm 1.6 m thiab ib tug dav ntawm 2,44 m. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tib cov roj ntawm ib tug tob ntawm ze li ntawm ib tug dav ntawm txog 1.5 m. Tab sis qhov no hom yog, txawm li cas los, ib co drawbacks.

Piv txwv li, cov hluav taws kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau transformers siv kua cua txias nruab nrab uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hluav taws. Txawm li cas los, qhuav-hom transformers kuj txais tau hluav taws. Tsis ua kua-hom apparatus yuav txawm tawg.

Nyob rau hauv lub khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm cov kua puv cov khoom tej zaum yuav tsum tau ib tug pallet ntaus ntawv rau sau coolant nyob rau hauv nws tau txia.

Tej zaum thaum koj xaiv transformers feem ntawm txoj kev hloov los ntawm ib tug ntshiab nyiam ua kua qhuav hom yog nruab nrab ntawm 500 kW thiab 2.5 MVA, nyob rau lub thawj hom yog dua li siv kom txo tau ntau, thiab lub thib ob saum toj no nws.

Ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv xaiv lub hom ntawm ib tug transformer installation qhov chaw, xws li hauv tsev los yog sab nraum lub chaw ua hauj lwm lub tsev, thiab txij nkawm uas muaj loads.

Qhuav hom transformers nyob ntawm ntau tshaj 5MVa npaj meej muaj nyob, tab sis ntau lawv cov kua puv. Rau sab nraum zoov installation, qhov no kuj yog lub predominant hom.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog cua

Thaum nruab nrog ib tug blower kiv cua transformer load yuav ho nce. Yog li ntawd, rau cam khwb cia windings xws nuj nqi yuav nce lub sij hawm ntev load peev xwm ntawm 50% saum toj no lub nominal. Rau VPE los yog VPI-hom hwj chim nce nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav ua tau mus 33%.

Piv txwv li, tus qauv hwj chim transformer Kva rau 3000 nrog ib tug cam khwb cia kauj nrog nws cov khoom kiv cua airflow nce mus 4,500 KW (50%). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm VPE- los yog VPI-hom 2500 Kva muaj ib tug kiv cua txias tsa nws rau 3.333 KW (33%).

Txawm li cas los, ib tug yuav tsum yeej ib txwm dais nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus xub ntiag ntawm lub blower thiaj li tag nrho cov ntseeg ntawm lub system. Yog hais tias koj ua hauj lwm nrog tshuab nyob rau hauv ib tug load siab tshaj lub nominal kiv cua tsis, ces muaj yog ib tug tiag tiag kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib tug loj kev huam yuaj, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tag nrho transformer yuav poob.

Thiab yog dab tsi txog lub Lavxias teb sab kev ua lag luam?

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los ib tug neeg twg nyiam kom rov hais dua qhov kev paub ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tau tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob qhov twg 90% ntawm tag nrho cov tshiab khiv ntsia transformers koom mus rau ib tug qhuav hom. Raws li, qhov kev ua lag luam reacts. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Russia muaj proposals xws li los ntawm ob pab neeg ntawm producers. Tus thawj ntawm cov no yuav muaj xws li Lavxias teb sab, Italian, Suav thiab Korean hom. Yeej nws muaj xws li yam ntxwv analogs paub Lavxias teb sab hom: Coj mus rhaub, TSL, TSGL. Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yog ib tug qhuav transformer? Nqe raug "txhiab tus" mas nws txawv ntawm 900 txhiab rau 1 lab rubles.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li lub German thiab Fabkis producers. Lawv muaj hom series DTTH, GDNN, GDHN. Thaum lub sij hawm uas tib nqi ntawm tej mas transformer? Tus nqi ntawm cov tib "txhiab tus" yuav tsum yog los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2 lab rubles.