Qhuas - dab tsi yog qhov no? Lub ntsiab lus phraseologism "hu nkauj qhuas"

Tej zaum peb hnov tib neeg tham txog ib tug neeg uas yog immoderate praises ntawm lwm: "Yog qhov no yog ib cov khoom praises!" Qhov no qhia yog heev, tab sis yuav ua li cas ntau paub hais tias nws tau tuaj rau peb los ntawm lub Greek lus? Thiab ib zaug nws muaj ib tug heev txawv ntsiab lus tshaj nws yog tam sim no, thiab siv tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug ironic kev txiav txim zoo. Wb tau ntsib nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm no nruas thiab yuav ua li cas nws tau hloov lub sij hawm to taub.

Dab tsi "eulogy" nyob rau hauv Greek?

Ntev dhau los, lo lus no meant ib bombastic paab chorus tseem muaj qhuas nkauj thiab txawm seev cev ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus ancient vaj tswv wine, Dionysus. Txij li thaum cov festivals thaum lub sij hawm txiv hmab sau tau nplooj siab mus rau qhov thiab nws cov fertility, lawv tau nrog los ntawm thiaj li hu ua orgies - raspivaniem wine, noj ib pluag mov thiab txawm, raws li ib co sau phau ntawv cam, promiscuous kev sib deev kev sib raug zoo koom. Tab sis yog nws li nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, nws yuav tsis paub. Peb tsuas paub hais tias lub admirers ntawm tus dawb huv kev chim ntawm Dionysus tej thaum lub sij hawm seev cev, thiab cov neeg hu nkauj nyob rau tib lub zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv, uas tau muaj nplooj siab rau nws.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov earliest praises - ib tug lub suab qw tej zaj nkauj kob ntawm Delos. Tiam sis muaj ntau poetic nqe vaj lug kub uas los rau peb yog cov uas tus neeg Athenais. Nws yog rau lawv mus cov kab lus "hu nkauj qhuas". Tus nqi ntawm kab lus no nyob rau hauv Athens yog heev yooj yim. Hais txog tsib caug tus txiv neej thiab cov tub hluas, disguised raws li satyrs, sawv nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog thiab hu nkauj zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv ntawm Dionysus nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them yug ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hu nkauj ua ke, thiab tej zaum kuj ib co seev suab paj nruas. Txhua hu nkauj ua ke coj los ntawm lub thiaj-hu ua "luminary". Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, txawm cov kev uas tau raug tsim, dab tsi ib tug eulogy raws li ib tug suab paj nruas ib hom ntawv nyeem. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub suab qw zaj nkauj yuav tsum muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub suab, yuav antistroficheskim. Nws yuav tsum tau nrog los ntawm aulos accompaniment, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub Phrygian style. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb, heev solemn thiab pompous style. Ntawm choirs, ua qhuas rau ancient koob tsheej xws li Dionysus thiab Lenayya.

Music thiab Literature

Yog li, feem ntau ancient zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv uas yog hu li ntawd, twb nrov. Tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv nrhiav ib tug neeg ua cim. Lub earliest eulogy twb obviously tsim los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Archilochus nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub "Tswv Dionysus", raws li evidenced los ntawm cov phau ntawv ntawm lub VII xyoo pua BC. Txawm li cas los, Herodotus muab lub xibtes tej Arion ntawm Lesbos. Yog li ntawd praises - yog ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm Greek suab paj nruag thiab ntaub ntawv, nyob ze rau dab tsi yog meant by zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv thiab eulogy. Tab sis lo lus muaj lwm yam ntsiab. Ob xyoo tom qab uas lub kws sau paj lug Arion Vakhilida txawm coj ib hom ntawv nyeem rau tus ua txoj kev sib tham, lub executable nyob rau hauv lub suab qw hu nkauj. Nws los ua nto moo pathos kab thiab paub kws sau paj lug Pindarus. Qhov tseem ntau hom ntawv nyeem dithyramb yog nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib caug xyoo BC. Nws twb mus los ntawm paj huam thiaj li hu ua "tshiab suab paj nruag." Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no sib twb Timotheus ntawm Miletus, thiab Melanippid Filokset nrog Keeter kob. Nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo ib hom ntawv nyeem tau pib tsis kam ua, thiab ces ua poob lawm nws muaj koob meej, txawm hais tias kev sib tw ntawm choruses, hu qhuas, mus txog rau lub conquest ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws los ntawm lub nroog Loos.

Yuav ua li cas lub philosophers hais?

Thaum lo lus yog nrov nyob rau hauv antiquity, nws cov keeb kwm tsis yog Greek. Qhuas - hais tias, thaj, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov epithets ntawm ancient vaj tswv cawu cub. Philosopher Plato nyob rau hauv lub sib tham "Cov Kev Cai" tham txog ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruas lwm yam. Muaj, nws hais tias raws li nram no: "Kuv xav tias nws yog hu ua cov me nyuam yug ntawm Dionysus dithyramb." Thiab nyob rau hauv nws tus naas ej "koom pheej", uas belongs rau lub plaub xyoo pua BC, Plato muab lwm txhais lus ntawm cov lo lus "eulogy." Qhov no lub sij hawm yog nyob rau hauv cov paj huam nws to taub raws li ib tug tsuas yog txoj kev copyright paj huam qhia bordering ecstasy. Plutarch hais txog cov praises, raws li ib tug tsausmuag hais lus, ua los ntawm tej yam txaus siab. Nws contrasts cov nkauj sau nyob rau hauv no style, ntau so thiab harmonious qhuas ntawm Apollo. Aristotle ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog lub hauv paus thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub Greek qee. Peb twb raug xa mus rau peb kom Vahilida thiaj hu ua kev sib tham ntawm cov singer thiab paab chorus tseem nyob rau hauv lub qee. Ces lub paab chorus tseem twb hloov los ntawm lwm actor.

Tus Tshiab History

Teb chaws Europe sim rov qab mus rau lub praises ntawm lub Renaissance. Ces muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm laudatory Odes rau cov thawj ntawm lub Koom Txoos thiab secular politicians. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hnub, thaum no poetic ib hom ntawv nyeem ntsia critically thiab ironically. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog cov praises nyob rau hauv lub Baroque era, thaum sau ntawv sim mus rau revive lub ancient Success. Qhov loj tshaj kev kawm tau zoo ntawm no cov suab paj nruas-poetic ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj gained nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov uas lawv yuav addicted rau cov paj huam "Sturm und Drang", xws li Franz Schiller. Schubert composer kuj sau tau ib zaj kwv txhiaj rau tus pretentious ntawv nyeem ntawm no style. Thiab Fridrih Nitsshe txawm sim los tsim ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws rau cov thawj "Bacchus 'praises, txawm hais tias nrog ib tug satirical laus.

Cov niaj hnub ntsiab lus phraseologism

Tus thawj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus yog tseem los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm embodied ib co niaj hnub musicians xws li piv txwv li Igor Stravinsky. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov lus tau nrhiav ib tug qhia kev txiav txim zoo ntawm sarcastic: "Tej zaum kuv tseem qhuas koj hu nkauj?" Lus nruas no tau tuaj mus rau txhais li cas ntev li ntawm thiab undue qhuas, slaver. Nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, qhov no yog to taub, vim hais tias qhov no txawj-suab paj nruas ib hom ntawv nyeem npaj rau lub ecstatic kev qhuas ntawm lub gods. Thiab thaum twg, nrog rau lub teeb tes ntawm cov Renaissance, pib raug muab siv los mus qhuas tus politicians thiab tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua ib yam dab tsi tsis kaj siab, pretentious thiab contrived. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub nws yog hais tias ib tug yuav tsum muab rau Vajtswv, thiab "Caesar" - ntau. Thiab thaum politicians, cov hnub qub thiab txawv beau monde hu nkauj qhuas relying saum ntuj ceeb tsheej creatures, tsis yog hais tias ntau dhau heev lawm ncaj? Thiab tej zaum txawm thuam. Yog li ntawd, neeg feem coob tsis paub tus praises los yog saib tsis taus lawv li blatant uas tsis tseeb ntxias. Qhov ntau li ntawd vim hais tias nws yog feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rov hais dua mus rau lub neeg thiab tau lawv qhia tawm ntawm cov kev pab cuam.