Raws li ib tug tib neeg hais tias yog: cov sab nraud thiab sab hauv lub tsev ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev

Yuav ua li cas tus txivneej? Rau cov me nyuam mus teb lo lus nug no yog tsis yooj yim li. Thiab to taub qhov no complex mechanism - txawm ntau li ntawd. Tiam sis tag nrho nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog raug rau tej kev cai.

Tus ntaus ntawv lub cev

Yuav ua li cas puas hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug txiv neej? Tus txiv neej yog ib tug multicellular kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm taxonomy yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub hom Chordates. Nyob rau theem ntawm embryonic kev loj hlob ntawm lub notochord tau tsim, neural raj thiab ntses chaw dim pa slits nyob rau hauv lub caj pas. Tsim, lawv yog hloov mus rau hauv lub cev pob txha, cov leeg nrob qaum thiab lub hlwb, thiab ua pa nrog cev lub ntsws. Zoo li tag nrho cov hom tsiaj, ib tug kws tu neeg mob lawv cov tub ntxhais uas muaj mis nyuj, ib tug ntais, hws thiab sebaceous qog, lub cev plaub hau thiab horny daim tawv nqaij tsim.

Raws li ib tug tib neeg hais tias yog? Nws lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb, uas ua ke nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Lub totality ntawm lub yav tas, nyob rau hauv lem, cov ntaub ntawv tus kabmob. Txawm li cas los, lawv txhua tus nyias yog tsis tau ua txoj kev khiav dej num ntawm lub neej muaj dab. Yog li ntawd, cov tub ceev xwm yog koom nyob rau hauv physiological thiab haumxeeb systems.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsiaj hlwb

tib neeg lub cev lub hlwb muaj ib tug raug tus qauv ntawm cov tsiaj. Lawv yog cov eukaryotic, vim hais tias lawv muaj ib tug nucleus. Qhov no qhov cell qauv muaj cov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv DNA molecules. Los ntawm hom ntawm cov zaub mov ib tug neeg yog heterotrophs. Vim li no, nws hlwb tsis muaj cov ntsuab chloroplasts plastids qhov twg photosynthesis tshwm sim. Qhov loj organelles yog mitochondria lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton thiab centrioles.

Raws li ib tug tib neeg hais tias yog: lub theem pib hom ntawm cev nqaij

pawg neeg ntawm cov hlwb muaj cov kev sib sau ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev ua yog hu ua ntaub so ntswg. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, muaj plaub hom ntawm cov nqaij mos:

1. Epithelial - muaj me me, densely contiguous hlwb. Nws cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv lub cev npog thiab hauv nruab nrog cev, nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm cov hlau-raws li. Nws muaj yuav luag tsis muaj intercellular substance. Epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg khiav lag luam kev tiv thaiv nuj nqi thiab cov kev pauv ntawm tshuaj uas muaj qhov chaw.

2. Kev twb kev txuas - yog lub hauv paus hais tias ua li tib neeg lub nruab nrog. Nws muaj loj hlwb, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm intercellular substance. Nws ntau ntau yam yog pob txha, pob txha mos, cov rog, cov ntshav.

3. Nqaij - muaj fibers muaj peev xwm ntawm contraction. Nws ua cov kev ua ntawm lub zog ntawm ib tug neeg nruab nrog cev thiab tag nrho kab mob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

4. tshee - tsim neurons uas muaj ntau hom kev siv uas kis ntau hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, kev muab cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub cev nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraum.

Tib neeg nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab: cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub koom haum

Txhua hloov no yog ua los ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Piv txwv li, lub plawv nqaij tsim, surrounded los ntawm ib tug connective cov ntaub so ntswg sheath. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj plaws hloov yog hais tias yuav daim tawv nqaij. Tom qab ib tug tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm txog 2 square meters. Vim li cas cov tawv nqaij - yog lub cev? Vim hais tias nws yog tsim los ntawm ob peb ntaub so ntswg: epithelial thiab connective.

Yuav kom to taub li cas ib tug tib neeg hais tias yog, koj yuav tsum paub txog lub tswvyim ntawm hloov khoom nruab nrog nruab. Piv txwv li lug paub: digestive, lub plawv ... Txhua yam ntawm no yog ib tug txheej nruab nrog cev, lub neej coj kev ua tau zoo ntawm ib tug tib muaj nuj nqi. Xav txog ib tug qauv ntaub ntawv no ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv kom meej.

licas

Qhov no system nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub cev nplooj siab mus rau lub heev thawj zaj lus qhia. Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus tib neeg lub cev? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub cev pob txha yog nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau cov departments. Nws yog ib lub cev pob txha ntawm lub taub hau, npog tas ib ce, thiab dawb lub aav ntawm lub Upper thiab qis extremities. Tsis zoo li lwm yam tsiaj, rau tib neeg yuav bipedalism. Nws muab cov muaj peev xwm yuav tawm mus nqaij uas yog txuas mus rau tus pob txha nrog ligaments.

Ua pa thiab circulatory system

Peb mus txuas ntxiv yuav tau xav txog yuav ua li cas tib neeg lub cev. Nws lub neej yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau nkev pauv. Qhov no feature muab ob systems nyob ib zaug. Ua pa hais pneumatic txoj kev thiab lub ntsws. Thaum nqus cua nkag mus rau nyob rau ntawd oxygen. Los ntawm no npuas pulmonary roj nkag mus rau lub me tshaj cov hlab ntsha, hlab ntsha. Nrog rau tam sim no cov ntshav oxygen txhab khoom mus rau txhua cell ntawm ib tug kab mob. Cov rov qab zog tshwm sim ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas yog tseem los ntawm lub ntsws yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub cev.

System circulatory system sawv cev los ntawm plaub-chambered lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha: cov hlab ntsha, hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg. Ntaus no system yog ib tug neeg kaw, vim hais tias cov ntshav nyob rau hauv nws lub cev kab noj hniav tsis sib tov nrog ib tug kua thiab yeej nyob rau hauv lub ntsha.

Lub digestive thiab excretory system

Tib neeg kev ua si yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau cov kev pauv ntawm tshuaj uas muaj qhov chaw. Tau txais daim ntawv, splitting thiab assimilation ntawm cov as-ham nqa los ntawm lub digestive system. Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus tib neeg lub cev, thiab ntau yeej, qhov no set ntawm cov kabmob? Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov ncauj, caj pas, hlab pas, plab, hnyuv thiab cov nyuv, uas qhib lub qhov quav. Nws yog los ntawm lub digestive system hom. Tab sis qhov kev siv ntawm nws functions yuav tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau tshwj xeeb qog uas paim enzymes uas ua txhaum down complex organic teeb meem mus rau hauv tej yam yooj yim. Cov muaj xws li cov qaub ncaug, pancreas thiab daim siab.

Mob txeeb sawv cev taum paired ob lub raum, ureters, zais zis, outwardly qhib channel. Nrog nws cov kev pab lub cev tshem ntawm tshaj dej, ntsev, tshuaj lom metabolites.

Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov kev ua me nyuam system

Xav txog yuav ua li cas tus txiv neej yog ua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua me nyuam muaj nuj nqi. Nws yog ib tug dioecious lub cev nrog internal fertilization. hom ntawm kev loj hlob - ib tug ncaj kab. Thiab cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej me nyuam system yog sawv cev los ntawm lub qog, ducts thiab lub hlwb. Txawm li cas los, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej, nws yog ib lub noob qes, lawv ducts thiab me me mobile gametes - phev. Cov hlwb yog ib txwm nquag thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm fertilization.

Poj niam deev system muaj khub zes qe menyuam, oviducts thiab taag, kuj loj gametes. Rau fertilization lawv yuav tsum tau tsiv los ntawm lub gonads rau hauv txoj hlab qe raj. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tsuas yog nyob rau tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev ntas, uas yog hu ua ovulation. Thaum txuas gametes tsim zygote. Nws yog muab faib thiab maj tsim ib tug multi-cell qauv, uas tom qab hloov mus rau hauv ib tug me nyuam hauv plab. Intrauterine me nyuam hauv plab kev loj hlob muab txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv rau cov me lub cev thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub thiab cov nqi nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej.

Nta ntawm tus tib neeg lub paj hlwb

Tsuas yog tus txiv neej yog ib tug biosocial qab. Qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau tiav los ntawm ib theem siab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub paj hlwb. Nws muaj lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum, thiab paj fibers uas dai ntawm lawv. Tus txiv neej yog yug los nrog ib tug tej txheej unconditioned reflexes thiab instincts ntawm cov tsiaj. Txawm li cas los, thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm nws daim ntawv thiab cov lus teb mas yuav kis tau. Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus tib neeg lub hlwb? Nws yog yooj yim dua, piv rau lwm cov chordates. Nws paub qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus cerebral cortex thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm convolutions, uas ho ua rau kom nws cheeb tsam. Tsuas yog tib neeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm muaj nuj nqis hais lus thiab paub daws teeb xav. Nws nyob rau hauv lub zej zog thiab ib yam twg yog kev kawm mus rau kev sib raug zoo cov kev cai.

kev cai zog

Lawm, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug complex system yuav tsum tau kev cai khiav dej num. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev ib txhij. Nrog kev pab los ntawm poob siab system ntawm tib neeg lub cev tau txais cov lus qhia txog ntau yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab yuav luag instantly teb mus rau lawv. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas qhov no yog accomplished sensor tshuab. Lawv tsib cov neeg. Qhov no pom, kov, tsis hnov tsw, hnov lus thiab cov kev muaj peev xwm rau perceive tsw. Ib txhia kws tshawb fawb tau pom lwm, uas yog hu ua "thib rau kev txiav txim zoo" los yog qhov. Txawm li cas los, tej nuj nqis cov qauv los yog cov mechanism ntawm no system mus nrhiav tau thiab piav qhia txog tseem tsis muaj ib tug tau ua tau zoo. Ib tug ductless caj pas, tso rau hauv cov hlab tshwj xeeb tshuaj - cov tshuaj hormones tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab homeostasis. Cov tswvyim no implies lub txij nkawm ntawm ib qhov sab hauv ib puag ncig.

Qhov ntawd yog li cas cov tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog ib tug complex system uas li qhia siv kuj theem ua ke lub hlwb, ntaub so ntswg, nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab. Txhua yam ntawm cov lug muaj ib tug high degree ntawm specialization thiab hauj lwm ua ke los ntawm txoj kev neural thiab humoral cai systems.