Raws li tua Lermontov M.Yu. Leej twg tua Lermontov

Ntau tshaj ib puas thiab xya caum xyoo tau dhau mus lawm txij li thaum Lermontov tuag. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, muaj ntau yam kev soj ntsuam tau sim mus txeem lub paub tsis meej ntawm lub mysterious kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws raug tua nyob rau hauv ib tug duel ib tug nyob ze cov phooj ywg - Nikolai Martynov. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis muaj tej yam sawv uas tuag kev sib tsoo - nws tsis yog tseeb tam sim no. Rau cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas thiab nyob qhov twg nws tuag lawm, Lermontov, yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

cov neeg uas coj cov phooj ywg

Ua ntej mus rau nws tus kawg lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk, Lermontov thiab Martynov nyob ze cov phooj ywg. Friendship nruab nrab ntawm lawv ensued txawm nyob rau hauv cadet tsev kawm ntawv. Dua li ntawm qhov ntev thiab nquag separations, buddies tswj kom muaj zoo kev sib raug zoo. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv 1840, thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub kws sau paj lug feem ntau mus xyuas tsev neeg Martynov. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Nicholas nws tus kheej Solomonovich tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Thaum Mikhail tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk thiab kawm tau hais tias Martynov yog txoj cai muaj, nrog Library nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej rau lub rooj sib tham nrog ib tug qub phooj ywg. Nws yog May 13, 1841. Raws nraim li ob lub hlis tom qab ntawd (13 Lub Xya hli ntuj) Lermontov tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug duel.

unexpressed resentment

Cov soj ntsuam ntawm hais tias Martynov yuav sib cav sib ceg nrog Lermontov, rau ntau yam yog vim li cas. Ib tug ntawm lawv - ib tug muaj siab los mus tiv thaiv lub Honor ntawm nws tus muam. Qhov tseeb hais tias Mikhail tsis yog cia li nquag xyuas tsev neeg tus phooj ywg, tab sis kuj courting Nataley Solomonovnoy Martynovoy. Nws yog, raws li ib txhia tim khawv, yog txawm nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus kws sau paj lug. Npe hu rau nws tsis yooj yim cim, Lermontov tsis txhawb pab koj tu siab Martynov niam. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tsiaj ntawv nws sau tias nws tus ntxhais hlub lub tuam txhab ntawm Mikhail Yurevich, tab sis lub siab phem li ntawd, cov lus yuav tsis tau spared, thiab cov tub hluas no beauties. Leej twg paub, tej zaum, nws ntshai twb tsis nyob rau hauv vain? Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no version twb tshaj tawm hais tias them tsis tau yus tej nqi.

hitman

Muaj tsis muaj ntaub ntawv assumption ntawm ib tug neeg novelists, biographers uas Lermontov tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug duel yog tsis lo. Martynov tab sis yog paub txog cov kev tsis zoo tus cwj pwm mus rau lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws aristocratic voj voog thiab twb npaj mus ua kom puas cov qub phooj ywg, nrhiav qia dub lub hom phiaj. Nws yuav yog li sim kom yaj lawv puas nws cov tub rog hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no version tsis tuav dej. Duel nyob rau hauv cov hnub twb Nations lawv rau txim nyuaj heev. Nikolai Solomonovich (tom qab Lermontov tuag) nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv nws yuav suav tau rau cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub Caucasian pab tub rog raws li ib tug yooj yim tub rog. Rau no yuav tsum yog tus phem tshaj qhov link hauv Siberia.

tuag wit

Cov feem ntau version txog cov ua ntawm lub duel yog tias Mikhail muaj ib tug tawv-minded thiab feem ntau kev phem kev lom zem ntawm lwm tus neeg. Cov kws sau paj lug lub contemporaries ua tim khawv hais tias nws feem ntau xaiv lub hom phiaj ntawm tsis hlub leejtwg li lus tso dag nrog nws cov phooj ywg. Piv txwv li, raws li cov recollections Satina N. M., qhov no zoo yog tsis tau tso cai kom tau nyob ze rau Lermontov nyob rau hauv 1837 nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk nrog lub exiled Decembrists thiab Belinsky. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1841, Martynov los ua qhov tseeb raug tsim txom ntawm lub kws sau paj lug-hnab twb qhib lawm. Mikhail muab nws lub npe menyuam yaus "tus txiv neej nrog lub dagger," thiab "Highlander" thiab kos ntawm no lub npe ib tug ntau ntawm sarcastic tas lauv. Ib tug lawg ntawm ridicule ntaus lub taub hau Nikolaya Solomonovicha. Nws yog hais tias cia li Lermontov portrayed yam ntxwv ib tug nkhaus kab thiab ib tug ntev dagger, thiab txhua leej txhua tus tam sim ntawd paub uas nws paints. Martynov sim nws zoo tshaj plaws rau luag nws tawm, tab sis yuav tsis muaj avail - mus sib tw nrog lub wit ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug yog tsis yooj yim sua. Qhov tseeb yog lub ntsiab lus teb rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas Lermontov tuag.

lwm yam

Yog li ntawd, Mikhail muaj ib tug neeg phem tus nplaig thiab ib tug heev luv luv-tempered maag. Vim hais tias ntawm cov qualities nyob rau hauv nws lub neej nws muaj kev tswj kom Amass ib tug ntau ntawm cov tsiaj. Hais txog lawv yog leej twg thiab yog dab tsi motives lawv tau coj, tsis muaj leej twg paub. Qhov tseem authoritative soj ntsuam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug lub neej - paj Viskovatov - argues tias intrigue trailed nyob rau hauv lub dav dav lub quarters Merlini. Tej zaum qhov kev ua si tuaj thiab tus naas ej department Benkendorf. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias ib tug lub hom phiaj ntawm ridicule ntawm cov kws sau paj lug - tsis muaj leej twg Lisanevich - feem ntau hais tias Mikhail Yurevich ua ib tug duel. Tab sis nws yeej ib txwm tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pissed nyob rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no, rau tsis paub hais tias yog vim li cas, yuam kom tsum Martynov yog tsis yog cov ntaub. Ua kom nws mus tua nrog tus neeg ua txhaum nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj ncees sib ntaus yog ib qho yooj yim. Lermontov tuag yog yuav luag inevitable. Nyob rau hauv 1941, 13 Lub Xya hli ntuj, Nikolai Solomonovich sib tw nws mus rau ib tug duel.

sib cav sib ceg yam

Tub huabtais Vasilchikov nyob rau hauv nws memoirs sau tias nyob rau hnub ntawd ntawm ib tug txais tos ntawm cov kev tus Verzilinoy Mihail Yurevich cia lwm sharpness tiv thaiv Martynov. Tus poj niam ntawm ib tug txheeb ze thiab cov phooj ywg Lermontov EA Shang Giray, qhia tau hais tias Nicholas Solomonovich daj ntseg ntxhi thiab lub suab nco lub kws sau paj lug, yeej ib txwm nug nws caiv los ntawm xws li ridicule nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tej. Nws tau hais cov hais tom qab ib tug ob peb ntau lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd Mikhail nws tus kheej xav kom nws mus nug ntawm kev txaus siab. Martynov tam sim ntawd tsa ib hnub twg rau cov match. Thawj duelists cov phooj ywg tsis muab tej qhov tseem ceeb rau no fleeting sib cav sib ceg. Thaj, qhov teeb meem yuav tau tswm ntawm txhua lub caij. Tab sis Mikhail twb tsis muab tej kauj ruam ntawm reconciliation.

Kev sib khom lus nrog Martynau

Tim khawv thiab ua timkhawv pom yuav ua li cas tuag M. Yu. Lermontov, cam hais tias Nicholas Solomonovicha sim dissuade lub duel. Tab sis nws yog adamant. Tej zaum Martynov yog nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ib co instigators, uas ntxias kom nws hais tias qhov kev pom zoo rau reconciliation yuav ua rau nws tsis nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm "teeb". Muaj ntau hais tias lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm tus puas-tam sim no ntawm no Peb Division. Muaj mob thaum lub koom haum Benkendorf tiv thaiv tau tus tab tom yuav duel. Thiab nws zaum twb ceeb toom ntawm lub match. Tsis muaj lub zem hnub tom ntej Pyatigorsk busted gendarmes. Txawm li cas los, los mus tiv thaiv txoj kev tuag ntawm Lermontov nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev txaus siab.

Kev txawv txav nyob rau hauv lub duel

Cov phooj ywg Mikhail Yurevich muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub tiaj sij hawm ntawm qhov match. Lawv xav hais tias cov duel yuav formal. Ncaw phooj ywg rau tsis muaj dab tsi yog tua kom tuag. Pom li cas Mikhail Lermontov tuag, tub huabtais Vasilchikov kom txog thaum kawg feeb xav hais tias lub kws sau paj lug tsis tau tiag tom ntej no kev sib ntaus. Ib tug duel twb tsis kom meej meej faib lub vib nas this, muaj tsis muaj kws kho mob, thiab txawm tias, nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm tag nrho cov feem ntau txais canons, tau mus kawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin, ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Mihailom Yurevichem, nyob rau hauv nws sau ntawv yuav ua li cas Lermontov tuag cia li khav tias kev sib ntaus tau cog lus "tawm tsam tag nrho cov kev cai thiab kev hwm." Saum toj no Martynov, uas muaj ib tug lub koob npe nrov rau txaj muag, ntau yuav nyob luag ntxhi. Qhov no teeb meem tsis pub kom nws coj ib rab phom los ntawm ib tug qub phooj ywg.

Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub duel

Vasilchikov tub vaj ntxwv, nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas Lermontov raug tua, sau nram qab no. Vib nas this ntsuas peb caug cov kauj ruam thiab nyob lub xeem barrier rau kaum paces. Ces lawv zes tw nyob rau hauv cov huab deb li cas thiab hais rau lawv los sib tshuam nyob rau hauv pab neeg no: "Marsh" Ces tus vib nas this loaded pistols, muab lawv duelists thiab txib kom: "sib" Mikhail tseem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, shading los ntawm lub hnub, cocked thiab tsa phom chim li. Nws lub ntsej muag twb ywm, yuav luag zoo siab qhia. Nyob rau hauv lem Martynov sai sai mus kev rau lub barrier thiab tam sim ntawd tua. Poet poob. Viskovatov ntxiv rau qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm yuav ua li cas nws tuag M. Lermontov, ib qho tseem ceeb kom meej. Nws qhia tau hais tias, raws li Vasilchikova hais tias hom rushing nws Martynov hu ua lub sneer ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Mikhail Yurevich. Poet ncav us txog nws ob txhais tes mus, tab sis tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus tua twb nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.

Lermontov tus cwj pwm

Cov cwj pwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug seb puas tsimnyog tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov lus nug. Qhov tseeb hais tias Mikhail ua ib lub hom phiaj rau nws tsis hlub leejtwg li tso dag Martynov, nws yog commonplace. Tab sis yog vim li cas tiag tiag resentment cov neeg uas coj cov phooj ywg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug tsis tau nres los ntawm ntxiv kev tsim txom? Tom qab Lermontov, txawm hais tias loj heev, nws yog ua zoo heev rau nws cov phooj ywg. Muaj mob thaum Mikhail tam sim ntawd apologized rau lub tu siab tus neeg mus rau lawv. Yog vim li cas yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog Martynov nws yog ua tau nug rau cov kev sib ntaus? Tsis tas li ntawd, Yog hais tias Lermontov tsis xav txog yog vim li cas rau lub duel loj heev, vim li cas nws tsis sai li sai txhaj mus rau hauv lub cua? Tej yam no nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog tseem zoo heev.

Lermontov thiab Pechorin

Mikhail tau pheej nyuab siab tias tsis tshwm sim ntawm tus tshiab "A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm", tog twg los lub cim ntawm Pechorin tsis muaj nws nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau sob. Cuaj kaum, tus puas siab puas ntsws tsom xam hais tias exposes lwm tus lub protagonist ntawm tus tshiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob ze rau Lermontov. Tom qab tag nrho, qhia lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm nws cim - nws txoj hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum, nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm, lus dag rau daim card ntawm yuav ua li cas Mihail Yurevich Lermontov tuag? Tej zaum nws cia li ua si, kev ib puas hawv xyaum ua tej yam rau nws cov qub phooj ywg? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus cwj pwm Martynau muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm Grushnitsky. Nws kuj yuav mus nkaum qab lub daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm ib tug romantic hero nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, tej zaum nws zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg thiab absurd. Cia li ua rau Lermontov lub duel, thaum nws tsis tau nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev yeej tshaj nws tus nrog sib ntaus. Yog vim li cas Mikhail nws tua rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm lub caij xeem, thaum twb muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias Martynov xav kom mus tua nws? Nws, zoo li Pechorin, ua si nrog txoj kev tuag, tab sis, tsis zoo li nws tus ua cim tuag. Xws li ib tug lo lus teb rau cov nqe lus nug "vim li cas txoj kev tuag ntawm Lermontov" muaj ib tug ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm - Levin. Nws tsab xov xwm "Lub duel Lermontov" muaj ntau nthuav cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov puas siab puas ntsws cwj pwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub xeem hnub ntawm lub neej.

Lermontov tuag

Cov kws sau paj lug tuag ib tug ob peb feeb tom qab raug mob, tsis muaj kev rov muaj cov nco qab. Vasilchikov rushed mus rau lub zos rau tus kws kho mob, tab sis rov qab nrog tsis muaj dab tsi - vim hais tias ntawm lub zog huab cua tsis muaj ib tug pom zoo nrog nws mus. Raws li cov tim khawv, rau hnub uas raug tua Lermontov, nws twb los nag. Tom qab ntawd Stolypin thiab Glebov nyob rau hauv Pyatigorsk ntiav ib tug lub tawb nqa khoom thiab xa nws mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub duel Ivan Vertyukova (tus neeg tsav tsheb ntawm cov kws sau paj lug) thiab Ilya Kozlov (tub qhe Glebova). Thaum dag tuag rau ntawm qhov chaw duel, ntau tuaj mus nrhiav li cas nws tuag M. Lermontov, thiab saib nws lub cev. Mikhail Yurevich twb coj mus rau lub chav tsev ntawm txog kaum ib teev thaum hmo ntuj. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv 1841, Lub Xya hli ntuj 17, nyob rau ntawm qhov Pyatigorsk toj ntxas. Muaj nteg lub cev ntawm lub kws sau paj lug lub 250 hnub. Nws pog, E. A. Arsenevoy, tau zoo rau lub huab tais tso cai rau thauj thiab tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm qhov seem tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1842, 23 Plaub Hlis Ntuj, lub kws sau paj lug Mikhail Yurevich raug faus nyob rau hauv Tarkhany ze rau nws yawg thiab niam.

hmoo Martynov

Lermontov tuag tshwm sim los zoo indignation nyob rau hauv hnyav voj voog ntawm Lavxias teb sab zej zog. Nws killer twb sharply criticized los ntawm ntau enlightened neeg ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws xub tsev hais plaub-martial, twb raug txim mus rau deprivation ntawm tag nrho cov xeev thiab demotion. Txawm li cas los, zaum kawg kab lus yog ntau yooj yim. Raws li nws, Martynov siv peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub brig, twb raug mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj siab lees txim, thiab ces ib tug ob peb xyoos pab penance nyob rau hauv Kiev. Tom qab, nws sau memoirs txog yuav ua li cas Lermontov tuag ntawm nws txhais tes. Nicholas nws tus kheej Solomonovich tuag nyob rau hauv 1875, hnub nyoog 60, thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg tsev ceev nyiaj nyob ze lub zos Ievleva. Nws lub ntxa twb tsis fwm. Nyob rau hauv 1924, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg homestead Martynov muab tso Alekseevskaya tsev kawm ntawv pawg MONO. Nws inhabitants rhuav tshem cov crypt thiab cov seem uas Nicholas Solomonovicha poob deg nyob rau ib lub zos pas dej. Qhov no yog lub txim rau tus tua ntawm cov poj poet.

Tam sim no uas koj paub yuav ua li cas thiab nyob qhov twg Lermontov raug tua. Qhov no gifted txiv neej ua ke nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub zoo tswv yim txuj ci thiab siab tawv ntawm cov tub rog tub ceev xwm. Nws lub neej yog luv luv, tab sis ci ntsa iab, nws muaj kev tswj kom sau ib tug ntau ntawm koj tej hauj lwm. Lub npe Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova yog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo thiab Revered nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.