Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Pushkin. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin

Creativity Lavxias teb sab txawj ntse heev A. S. Pushkina yog li ntawd kuj zoo kawg thiab unlimited hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam. Luv luv sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Pushkin, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tau nws tag nrho ib tug haum. Nws yog suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus. Novelist, kws sau paj lug, storyteller thiab playwright Pushkin nyiam nyeem los ntawm lab ntawm cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Pushkin lub sij hawm tau ntev dhau lawm. Tab sis nws muaj tswv yim legacy tseem nyob nws txawj lub neej nyob rau cov theem thiab nyob rau hauv cov xinesmas, nqa ib tug sib sib zog nqus philosophical thiab poetic lub ntsiab lus, uas yuav qhib txhua nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, kom deb li deb raws li kev kawm ntawv thiab kev cob qhia, raws li zoo raws li kev ncaj ncees thiab sab ntsuj plig kev loj hlob.

pedigree Pushkin

Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov tswv yim tsis pom kev thiab lyrical mus ob peb vas A. S. Pushkina, koj yuav tsum xub xyuas nws biography hais tias nws muaj ib tug heev tsaus ntuj nti thiab nthuav. Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Pushkin (nws lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm) muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv ib tug raug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej pub rau nws, nws muaj peev xwm mus ib txhis tawm ib indelible cim xeeb ntawm nws tus kheej, ua tsaug rau nws tsis txawj tuag tej hauj lwm.

Great-yawg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog tias Anplahas Petrovich Hannibal - Ethiopian negro, godfather thiab tsiaj Tsar Peter kuv, leej twg los ua ib tug naas ej general ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thiab cov thawj ntawm cov tub rog engineer.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias A. S. Pushkin yog ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug laus noble tab sis impoverished zoo Ioanna Groznogo lub sij hawm. Sergey Lvovich Pushkin - niam txiv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug - yog ib tug retired loj, uas tau sib yuav ib haiv neeg poj niam Hope Osipovna, nee Hannibal. Lawv sib yuav tau xam tau tias yog misalliance, raws li lawv muaj ib tug loj muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv.

Pushkin niam yog ib tug zoo-tus muam tus ntxhais ntawm nws tus txiv, Sergeyu Lvovichu. Lawv tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv 1796. Lawv sib yuav yog muaj zog txaus. Lawv muaj yim tus me nyuam, tab sis tsib ntawm lawv tuag nyob rau hauv kiag. Muaj tsuas Olga, Alexander thiab Leo, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv yog feem ntau hloov los ntawm txawv teb chaws pab.

Childhood Pushkin, 1799-1811

Cov me nyuam tub, uas lawv hu ua Alexander, tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1799, May 26 (raws li tus tshiab daim ntawv qhia hnub, Lub rau hli ntuj 6). Ces nws niam thiab txiv nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas cov German nyob rau hauv lub tsev Skvortsova. Tus tub loj hlob high-spirited thiab playful, cia li nyiam kuv tus kheej pog, Gannibal Mariya Alekseevna, nyob rau hauv uas nws feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub suburban Zakharov. Nws los ua tus thawj puas tau mus muab nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv nyeem thiab sau ntawv thiab qhia dab neeg ntawm tsev neeg legends. Ib tug thib ob nws tus zoo phooj ywg yog nws nyiam neeg ntiav zov menyuam, Arina. Nws instilled nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej ntse heev me ntsis kev hlub Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg.

Twb cuaj xyoo Pushkin yog paub nrog nws txiv lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab yog xav nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv lub tej hauj lwm uas nto moo paj huam thiab sau ntawv xws li tus nquab, Voltaire, Plutarch, thiab hais txog. D. Inspired los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Moliere, nws sau nws thawj thawj zaj paj huam nyob rau hauv Fabkis, ua nws twb tsis tau qhia tawm txuj ci nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab versification.

Lyceum, 1811-1817

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1811 Pushkin cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dua kev kawm ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub Imperial Tsarskoye selo Lyceum rau cov me nyuam ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg. Nws yog ntawm no Pushkin tsim lawv tus kheej tus cwj pwm thiab kev nom kev tswv kev ntseeg, nws yog qhia raws li ib tug zoo kawg kws sau paj lug. Nws lyrical mus ob peb vas fraught nrog excitement thiab kev xyiv fab. Nws pib ntawm lub Lyceum seethe tiag tiag poetic Pushkin lub neej.

Nws sau txog li 130 kwv huam, xws li "Lub qhov rai", "Yuav kom ib tug phooj ywg lub kws sau paj lug", "muaj siab", thiab lwm tus neeg. Tus thawj hom lus thiab simplicity ntawm kev nthuav qhia featured nws cov kwv huam los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm paj huam. Critic VG Belinsky twb pom nyob rau hauv nws lub makings ntawm ib tug yav tom ntej lub teb chaws kws sau paj lug. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Lyceum Pushkin twb mus cov zajlus vajvoog "Arzamas", luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Lavxias teb sab Muzeum" magazine thiab pib cov paj huam "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila".

Pushkin thiab Derzhavin 1815

Pushkin sib lawv liag rooj muaj lwm heev nthuav thiab tseem ceeb tshwm sim rau lub kws sau paj lug, uas nws yuav tsum tau ib zaug rov rau hauv nws memoirs. Muaj ib hnub nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1815, nyob rau lub Lyceum rau cov pej xeem mus kawm cov tub ntxhais twb laus heev Derzhavin. Tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub Lyceum yog heev tshee ua ntej qhov kev kawm. Thaum Pushkin mus nyeem nws zaj paj huam "Memoirs nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo" Derzhavin tam sim ntawd los ua heev animated, nws ob lub qhov muag glistening. Pushkin tuaj mus rau qhov chaw, uas hais lub npe ntawm Derzhavin, nws lub suab rang tawm, thiab nws lub siab pib kev khoob. Thaum nws tiav lawm, Derzhavin zoo siab thiab yeej xav puag ib tug gifted tus me nyuam, tab sis Pushkin tau dim, thiab ces nws cia li nrhiav tsis tau.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1817 lyceum menyuam kawm ntawv xeem dhau tus kawg piab. Nws yuav tsum yeej tau hais tias ntau cov khub tub ntxhais kawm ntawv ces koom nyob rau hauv lub Decembrist uprising nyob rau hauv 1825. Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub biographical zaj dab neeg txog Pushkin yog nkag mus rau hauv ib tug tshiab lem, thiab cov kws sau paj lug pib ib fascinating ywj siab lub neej.

Petersburg lub neej, 1817-1820

Tam sim ntawd tom qab tawm hauv lub Lyceum, Pushkin nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab nkag mus hauv mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub State College ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Affairs. Muaj cov kws sau paj lug lub neej yuav tsum tau sau tsis tau tsuas yog kev lom zem thiab relaxing, nws yuav paub qhov hnyav hlab ntsha ntawm patriotism, mas views thiab moods, uas nyob hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub aristocratic hluas. Nws yuav sau nws nto moo Ode "kev ywj pheej", cov paj huam "Yuav kom Chaadaev", "Lub Zos" thiab T. D. Pushkin yog ua heev nrov thiab zoo-paub nyob rau hauv tus secular voj voog, nws nom tswv kwv huam ua txoj kev txaus siab ntawm cov pej xeem. Rau qhov no nws them. Tsar Alexander kuv xav xa Pushkin nyob rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv Siberia. Tab sis lub intercession ntawm Zhukovsky thiab Karamzin txuag lub fearless kws sau paj lug los ntawm qhov no lub txim loj heev, thiab nws twb raug xa mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus.

South txuas, 1820-1822

Thaum xub thawj nws nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, ces mus rau lub Crimea, Kishinev, Odessa. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb exile, nws xav tias ib tug ntau thiab ua hauj lwm sib rau tej nto moo tej hauj lwm raws li "Raug Kaw Nkuaj ntawm lub Caucasus" thiab "Tug ciav ntawm Bakhchisarai". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau sau ib parody ntawm cov paj huam "Gabrieliad" yeej cov dab neeg ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Txoj Moo Zoo, yog dab tsi ces yuav khuv xim rau lub neej. Tab sis, ces, ib tug hluas thiab kub, nws yog tseem nyob deb rau ntawm nws, raws li nyob rau hauv Chisinau koom ib Masonic lodge.

Link nyob rau hauv St Michael, 1824-1825

Rau kev koom tes nyob rau hauv Freemasonry, uas Alexander kuv muab ib tug decree forbade lub yim hli ntuj 1, 1822, A. S. Pushkina xa nyob rau hauv lub tsev raug ntes nyob rau ntawm nws tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes Mikhailovskoye zos uas nyob ze Pskov. Tom qab ib tug crowded thiab nrov Odessa Pushkin lub neej tau hloov, nyob tsis tswm lyrics nyuaj siab heev thiab dhuav muaj. Tsuas kos duab los ua nws txoj kev cawm seej thiab khaws cia fortitude. Nws siv yuav luag ob xyoos. Neeg ntiav zov menyuam Arina nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj entertained nws tales. Nws kho siab lub neej brightened thiab ib qho chaw twg rau cov neeg nyob ze-tswv av Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, qhov uas nws ib zaug ntawd tau ntsib Anna Kern, uas nws tom qab nqe twb rau rau siab ua "Kuv nco ntsoov ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub sij hawm ntawd."

Nyob rau hauv Michael, nws kuj tau pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ua yeeb yam "Boris Godunov", feem ntau mus ntsib lub tsev qiv ntawv Svyatogorsk Dawb Huv Dormition Monastery, tham nrog cov monks, hloov nws views thiab sab ntsuj plig lub neej. Los ntawm nws cwj mem tawm "Eugene Onegin" thiab cov paj huam "Gypsies". Yog li ntawd, uas poob cev qhev mus xyoo Pushkin.

Kab tshoob nrog Natalia Goncharova

Pushkin, betrothed rau Goncharova, twb yuam kom khiav tawm nyob rau hauv Boldin khom lawv qub txeeg qub teg tus neeg mob, thiab nws yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm muaj rau peb lub hlis. Kev khiav tawm tu siab heev xav, nws ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm tus naas ej fairy taleas "Little xwm txheej", "Tales ntawm lub Lig Ivana Vasilevicha Belkina", tsis muaj uas niaj hnub no yog unthinkable sau los ntawm tej yam sau ntawm lub biography ntawm Pushkin.

Sib lawv liag rooj muab tso rau hauv qab no, tsis them xim rau qhov tseem ceeb fact tias nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1831, A. S. Pushkin thiab Natalie Goncharova crowned. Sib yuav nrog nws yog rau nws lawm tiag tiag neeg tuag taus, thiab coj nws ob kev zoo siab thiab kev tu siab. Nws tus poj niam yog li ntawd zoo nkauj hais tias nws yog kev vwm xwb tsis lub tsev hais plaub poj niam, tab sis kuj lub siab tshaj plaws-qeb duas nobles.

Cov tsev neeg ntawm Pushkin muaj plaub tug me nyuam. Tom qab ntawd nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Tsar Nicholas I-gentleman ntawm lub bedchamber. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg, uas qaug lub meej mom ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Tsis muaj nyiaj txaus, yog li tsev neeg cov nuj nqis twb loj hlob, thiab tag nrho cov no tsis muaj zog txog Pushkin. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws sau dab neeg luv luv, "Tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades", "Lub Bronze Horseman", tus tshiab "Dubrovsky", uas tag thiab tsis muaj sij hawm.

Tom qab ib tug thaum nws resigns, tej hauj lwm nyuaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev archives thiab xav sau ntawv hais txog Pugachev, tsim ib tug "Kawm" magazine, qhov twg N. V. Gogol luam, AI Turgenev, VA Zhukovsky, tab sis tej yam uas tsis tau ladyatsya.

Duel nrog Dantes

Pushkin thiab nws tus poj niam maj Opletal network ntawm intrigue thiab hais lus phem, raws li pheej hluas Frenchman Dantes tsis pub cov zaj uas lub Natalia Goncharova. Ces Pushkin, tiv thaiv lub Honor ntawm nws tus poj niam thiab nws tsev neeg, tau tsuas yuam kom duel Dantes bout nyob Lub ib hlis ntuj 27, 1837. Qhov no duel A. S. Pushkin twb mortally raug mob. Tom qab ob hnub nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws tuag los ntawm ib tug mob mob ib ce thiab kab mob ntawm cov ntshav, ib tug ntawm ob peb feeb ua ntej nws tuag nyob rau ntawm lub cais ntawm lub Orthodox pov thawj.

Lub ob hlis ntuj 6 1937, nws raug faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Dormition Monastery, uas yog nyob rau 5 km los ntawm tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, lub zos ntawm Mikhailovskoye Pskov cheeb tsam.

Ntawm no yog ib tug nws - ib tug zoo nkauj, kaj, tab sis heev luv luv - lub neej dab neeg los ntawm Pushkin, tus poj Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Tam sim no contemporaries tsuas khuv xim tias yog li ntawd thaum ntxov thiab thiaj li tragically twb nws lub neej.

Luv luv sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Pushkin lub neej

Lub neej A. S. Pushkina yog dazzlingly kaj thiab nyeem. Tab sis tsis zoo siab npaum li peb xav. Qhov no sib lawv liag rooj Pushkin muaj tsuas ib feem me me ntawm cov txheej xwm uas muaj nyiaj mus dhau tus poj poet.