Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya: biography thiab yees duab

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya (lub npe tiag tiag - Nefedov) - ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab sculptor, vim uas lub ntiaj teb no tau kawm txog lub hav zoov ntawm ib qho ntawm lub Mordovian pab pawg neeg. Cov tsab xov xwm muab ib tug nyuag txheej txheem cej luam ntawm nws lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sculptor

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya yug nyob rau hauv Ardatov koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Mordovia (d. Baevo) Lub kaum hli ntuj 27, 1876. Nws niam nws txiv twb teb teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg neeg Mordvinian erzya (li no alias sculptor). Qhov no pawg neeg ntawm pagan ntseeg persisted rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub Erzya honored ntsuj plig ntawm cov dej ntws, springs thiab pob zeb pe hawm dawb ceev ntoo. Txawm li cas los, Stepan nws tus kheej yog Orthodox, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub koob thib 3 tiam.

kev kawm lub sij hawm

Lub neej yav tom ntej sculptor pib nws tus kheej lub neej nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 14 xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm 10 xyoo tom ntej Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya koom nyob rau hauv ntau yam crafts, xws li painting tuam tsev. Tsuas yog rov mus rau nws niam txiv nyob rau hauv Alatyr, qhov uas lawv tau tsiv los ntawm ces, Stepan pib ua dab tsi yog nws yeej muaj tseeb txoj hauj lwm. Local tub txawj tub ntse menyuam lub scenery uas nws tau mus rau lub amateur theatricals rau hauv tej hauj lwm A. S. Pushkina. Lawv txiav txim siab los muab tej duab ntawm Stepan Dmitrievich thawj coj ntawm lub Stroganov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Nyob rau hauv 1901, zoo owning lub Lavxias teb sab lus Erzya mus kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tom qab kev kawm rau ib lub xyoo nyob rau lub Stroganov tsev kawm ntawv, qhov uas nws kawm yav tsaus ntuj duab chav kawm ntawv, Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya yuav nkag mus rau lub Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting. Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo, Erzya npaj mus ua ib tug neeg pleev kob, tab sis, ces txiav txim siab mus rau cov duab puab department. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kawm. Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich sai sai mastered rau lub khoom siv tes ua ntawm sculptor ua tsaug rau lub ntuj lub vaj txiaj ntsim. Nws tus xib fwb yog S. M. Volnuhin, uas yog hu ua tus sau ntawm lub monument Ivanu Fedorovu, Lavxias teb sab pioneer. Stepan muaj phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo nrog nws tus kws qhia ntawv. Erzya pab nws tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Nws coj muaj mob Volnukhin sab qab teb, sim kom txuag tau nws. Txawm li cas los, nws tus kws qhia ntawv tuag nyob rau hauv nws caj npab. Creativity tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Impressionism P. P. Trubetskogo kuj muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau cov tsim ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub sculptor.

Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich tsis tas cov hoob kawm. Nws xav hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Kuv tau. Nyob rau hauv 1906 nws tau mus rau Ltalis. Nws yog no hais tias nws pib mus rau thaum kawg hu nws tus kheej Erzya, ntseeg hais tias yog li hais tias lub ntiaj teb no rau nws cov neeg. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws teb rau lub npe menyuam yaus ua ntej, thiab tej zaum kuj kos npe lub npe Nefedov-Erzya nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm.

Cov ua hauj lwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ltalis

Inspired los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Michelangelo, Erzya pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv marble. Nyob rau hauv ltalis, nws sai sai mastered rau lub tsim nyog kev txawj ntse. Sculptor slashed lawv tsim yaam tshab xwb nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb. Nws tsis tau npaj ua ntej-drafts los yog sketches. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ob peb masters ua hauj lwm, siv tus txheej txheem ntawm ncaj qha carving. lawv feem ntau yog resorted mus rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov neeg pab. Tam sim no, tsis muaj ntau txoj hauj lwm Erzya txog lub sij hawm no. Ntawm cov sculptures yog tsim nyog yuav tau nco ntsoov tus pej thuam Ioanna Krestitelya. Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb ua rau lub tuam tsev lub nroog ntawm La Spezia.

Tus thawj zoo zoo

Nyob rau hauv 1909, Stepan Dmitrievich tuaj thawj zoo zoo. Nws yog ces nyob rau hauv lub yim International Exhibition nyob rau hauv Venice Erzya muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tau pom hais tias, dubbed "Nag hmo ua ntej lub tua ntawm lub txim tus neeg". Nws yog qhov khoom ntawm Stepan Dmitrievich ua tom qab ib tug mus ntsib mus rau Moscow- Butyrskaya. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb peb xav nyob rau hauv moonlighting sculptor kws yees duab. Thaum lub sij hawm no, kuv shooting revolutionaries, uas raug puas tau raug ntes, Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich.

Luv luv biography ntawm tus tswv tsis koom nrog ncauj lus kom ntxaws acquaintance nrog nws ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav tsum hais ob peb lo lus txog cov "Nag hmo ua ntej lub tua ntawm lub txim tus neeg", raws li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm. Stepan Dmitrievich xwm zaum ib nrab-txiv neej liab qab, uas yog sim painfully paub txog qhov tseeb hais tias tsis ntev nws yuav. Nyob rau hauv no daim duab, cov kev zoo sib thooj rau twv tus sau, uas yog raug ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb tus tswv.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias qhov no duab puab qhuas los ntawm tso rau neeg pom. Erzya tam sim ntawd los ua lub npe hu tsis tau tsuas yog raws li "Lavxias teb sab Rodin." Nws yog nthuav tias ua ntej lub exhibition, uas yog yuav tsum tau hais rau nws, twb puas. Stepan Dmitrievich yuav tsum tau rov qab kho cov duab puab nyob rau hauv cia li 4 hnub. Tam sim no, qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb yog tsis paub. Muaj tsuas yog ua si nws.

Tsiv mus rau Fabkis

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya duab puab uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb twb zoo heev paub txawv teb chaws, nyob rau hauv 1910 nws tau tsiv mus rau Fabkis. Great zoo tau nws cov exhibition nyob rau hauv Munich, Zoo thiab Milan. Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv zoo tau txais nws ua hauj lwm, lawv yuav, thiab lwm lolus. Nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1913 nws tuav nws thawj solo exhibition Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich. Nws biography ntawm lub sij hawm no cim los ntawm cov creation ntawm ib tug series ntawm sculptural portraits ua rau txim. Qhov no muab ib tug tseem ceeb rov qab mus rau tus tswv. Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg thov, cim yas qauv instantly. Yog li ntawd nws txiav txim tua sai sai heev - nws yog txaus rau ib tug los yog ob zaug.

Poj niam portraits

Stepan Dmitrievich nyob rau hauv 1912 tsim ib tug portrait ntawm nws tus hlub poj niam, Martha. Qhov no sculptural duab (a graceful inclination ntawm lub taub hau, lub mysterious ib nrab-luag nyav), raws li zoo raws li cov kev txoj kev modeling (contrastly smoothed lub ntsej muag, texturally loj heev ua plaub hau) nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov artist yuav tau rov qab nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm portraits ntawm cov poj niam. Nyob rau hauv "Norwegian poj niam", tsim nyob rau hauv 1914, ib tug sculptor nrog zoo kev txawj dhau ib tug yooj yim lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm lub heroine, yog tsis zoo nkauj heev thiab tsis yog li ntawd cov ntxhais hluas. Nws xav tias yog hais tias tus zoo siab, los yog kev nyuaj siab ploj.

Rov qab mus rau Russia

Erzya nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 nws rov qab mus rau Russia. Nws cov neeg nyob ze yog tus ST Konenkov, uas ho pab cov ntxiv ua hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv. Stepan Dmitrievich mobilized thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv, nws yog nyob rau hauv saib xyuas ntawm Dr. H. O. Suteeva. Erzya tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug kho mob orderly. Tus kws kho mob, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Stepan Dmitrievich, sau nws cov dab neeg, tag nrho ntawm extraordinary adventures ntawm nws lub neej txawv teb chaws. Cov dab neeg no tau tom qab luam tawm.

Rov qab tsev, tus sculptor tsim lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv marble. Erzya thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog txawv txawv easel duab puab (ua vaj tse, MAAs). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov artist thov qhob nrog hlau chips. Erzya thawj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntoo. Qhov no yog pab los ntawm nws kev phooj ywg nrog Konenkov, uas yog ib tug naas ej tswv ntawm tsim ntoo sculptures. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas kuj cuam tshuam cov me nyuam kev paub, uas tau txais Stepan Dmitrievich, admiring tej hauj lwm ntawm Mordvin pej xeem ntxias, ua duab puab ntawm tus ntoo.

Ib qho chaw twg rau lub Urals

Marble yeej ib txwm nyob ib tug nyiam cov ntaub ntawv uas Erzya. Stepan Dmitrievich txawm tau mus rau lub Ural Toj siab nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm tsawg marble pob zeb. Qhov no txawv tebchaws yog hais txog rau lub sij hawm los ntawm 1918 mus 1921. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub sculptor muaj nyiaj mus dhau tag nrho cov kev nyuaj siab ntawm ib tug loj heev post-revolutionary lub sij hawm thiab lub ensuing civil tsov rog.

"Eve"

"Eve" - Erzya-paub ua hauj lwm, ua nyob rau hauv 1919. Biblical progenitor ntawm carved marble. Nws zoo nkaus li rau peb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub zos pyshnoteloy moloduhi, naïve thiab erotic nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Qhov no duab puab nyob rau hauv ntau nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm lub masters of Art Nouveau. Fading no style hais txog rau lub sij hawm ntawm tsim Erzya li sculptor.

Lub postwar xyoo

Stepan Dmitrievich nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab tsov rog nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg thiab Moscow, Batumi, Novorossiysk, Baku. Master qhia, nws koom nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm koom haum los ntawm lub tshiab cov tub ceev xwm. Erzya nyob rau hauv 1922 ua lub portraits ntawm Akaki Tsereteli, Shota Rustaveli, Ilia Chavchavadze. Nws kuj tsim cov nram qab no tej hauj lwm: "Leda thiab cov os dej dawb," "Leej Niam", "Ya". Tag nrho cov tsim yaam tshab yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Cov artist tsim thiab zoo nkauj ua hauj lwm rau txim. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis tau dim. Cov no, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau hauv lub monument rau Karl Marx thiab kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv Yekaterinburg. Ob leeg ntawm lawv yog ua los ntawm MAAs thiab siv tau rau 1920. Ntawm cov tseem muaj sia nyob tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog hais frankly tsis muaj zog, xws li lub tsev ntawm koom haum nyob rau Baku. Ib tug xav hais tias cov Erzya tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li ua lub taub hau thiab bust ntawm Lenin los ntawm sculptor Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine lub sij hawm ntawm creativity

Artist nyob rau hauv 1925 los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Society ntawm Lavxias teb sab sculptors. Cov nram qab no xyoo nws mus rau Fabkis nrog nws qhia tau tias, ces txiav txim siab tsis rov qab mus rau lawv teb chaws. Erzya tswm nyob rau hauv Argentina, raws li European lub teb chaws ho tsis xav kom muab lub "liab sculptor." Yog li pib ib tug tshiab fruitful theem nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug artist li Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine lub sij hawm uas tau pab lub tswv yim originality ntawm tus tswv. Stepan Dmitrievich tsiv mus rau lub teb chaws no, tsawm nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev me me nyob rau outskirts ntawm Buenos Aires. Nws erzya tsis tu ncua tshaaj nyob rau hauv lub zos miv nws tej hauj lwm, luam tawm nyob rau ntawm nws tus kheej nyiaj them ib phau ntawv uas muaj ntaub ntawv txog lawv. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, tsuas cov khoom siv rau Erzya yog Algarrobo ntoo thiab quebracho, uas hlob heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv South American forests. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog tsis tshua muaj zog, ces nws demanded Stepan Dmitrievich nyuaj, zog ua hauj lwm. Cov artist siv cov nodules, nodules, keeb kwm ntawm cov ntoo, txuas lub Desired daim nplaum. Nyob rau hauv 1932 nws tau ib lub taub hau-npog qhov ncauj "Mauxes" (pictured saum toj no) Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Argentine lub sij hawm - nws tseem yog lub creation ntawm sculptural portraits ntawm nws txiv thiab nws niam, "Lva Tolstogo" (1930). Nyob rau hauv 1944, cov artist ua lub chaw ua hauj lwm "txiv neej." Erzya kuj tsim ib tug txheej ntawm portraits ntawm cov tub ntxhais beauties.

Homecoming, lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1950, Erzya (Nefedov) Stepan Dmitrievich rov qab mus rau lub USSR. Ua ke nrog nws nyob hauv lub nkoj tuaj txog yuav luag tag nrho nws cov sculptures (tshaj 300 tej hauj lwm). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov artist tau coj daim ntoo Algarrobo thiab quebracho rau nws yav tom ntej tej hauj lwm. Ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1954. Lub solo exhibition Erzya yog ib tug zoo zoo.

Lub sculptor tuag rau Kaum ib hlis 27, 1959 nyob rau hauv Saransk seem ntawm tus poj tswv, dab tsi yog yeej Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Duab hais saum toj no nws lub ntxa.