System tsheb npav

Lub system tsheb npav yog tsim los rau kev siv ntawm ib tug kev sib txuas lus processor mus rau sab nraud pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv lub computer los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb tswj pab kiag li lawm - adapters los yog controllers. Tag nrho qhov tseeb kev cob cog rua rau lub system tsheb npav los ntawm txoj kev txheem connectors. Log Tsheb yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb pawg raws li lawv kev khiav dej num li: chaw nyob, cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj, uas yog txawv lo lus ntev, piv txwv li tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dua los ntawm lawv. Lub hom ntawm tus dais yog lom zem ntau txiav txim los ntawm kev ceev ntawm ib tug PC.

Lub system tsheb npav yuav khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv cov nram no yooj yim qauv: MCA, ISA, VESA, EISA, PCI. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm lub ISA tsheb npav yog pom tias yuav tsum muaj ib tug tej yam qauv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm koj tus kheej computers. Nws tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm yim-ntsis system tsheb npav lub IBM lub PC XT thiab IBM PC. Nws tau muab rau yim interrupt kab rau interfacing nrog lwm pab kiag li lawm, raws li tau zoo raws li plaub kab mus saib tau nco ncaj qha.

Ua hauj lwm system tsheb npav thiab ib tug microprocessor siv rau ib zaus ntawm 4,77 MHz. Ib tug ceev cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob yuav tsum txog 4.5 MB ib ob. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no tiam ntawm computers twb tau muab siv hexadecimal tsheb npav, uas yog vim lub 24 chaw nyob kab ntawv mus nqa tawm ib tug ncaj qha tsis txaus siab mus rau lub RAM, thaum nws loj yog 16 MB.

Nyob rau hauv no bus kaum kho vajtse interrupts nws twb siv es tsis txhob ntawm yim, thaum lub xov tooj ntawm raws rau mus saib rau cov ntaub ntawv twb muaj yim es plaub. Tam sim no lub tsheb npav ua hauj lwm asynchronously mus rau lub microprocessor ntawm ib zaus ntawm 6 MHz, thiab qhov no tau coj mus rau kom cov kis tau tus mob ceev txog li 16MB ib ob. Tam sim no nws twb muaj lub caij nyoog mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov uas tsis muaj-speed pab kiag li lawm, tab sis yuav tsis muab cov npaum hauj lwm uas niaj hnub pab kiag li lawm. Nws pawg rau cov invention ntawm tshiab hom ntawm system tsheb npav.

Nyob rau hauv 1987 nws tau tsim ib tug system tsheb npav ISA, uas tau los ua tus thawj high-kev ua tau zoo. Nws differed nyob rau hauv hais tias nws cov ceev yog 10 MHz thiab lub tsheb npav nws tus kheej tau ua ib tug 32-bit, uas muaj zog cov kev hloov tus nqi mus rau 20 MB ib ob. Txawm li cas los, vim rau qhov incompatibility ntawm ib tug log nws twb tsis tau siv ib lub maub los rau ISA tsheb npav, vim hais tias ntawm uas tus architecture yog tsis pom nws kim heev daim ntawv thov.

Lub system tsheb npav EISA yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1989, nws tau los ua ib ncua version ntawm ISA. Nws tso cai rau koj mus tau ntxig cov connectors tsis tau tsuas yog lawv tus kheej controllers, tab sis kuj cov neeg ntawm lub ISA. Nws ua hauj lwm nrog ib zaus ntawm 8-10 hom MHz, thaum nws muaj peev xwm yog 32, uas ncaj rau 4 GB, tau raws li cov lus qhia pauv tus nqi 33 Mbytes ib ob. Ib tug disadvantage ntawm no bus yog cov uas tsis muaj tus nqi ntawm cov kev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev ntawm graphics, dluab, thiab siab kuj nqi ntawm controllers.

Lub PCI tsheb npav yog tsim rau lub tshiab processor pentium, tab sis muaj peev xwm kuj yuav siv rau lwm yam platforms. Nws tso cai rau koj mus txuas rau koj tus kheej mus rau kaum sib txawv kiag li lawm. Qhov no caij tsheb npav yog siv cov ntaub ntawv hloov 32 los yog 64 xyoos, thiab cov kis tau tus mob ceev yog 132 thiab 264 MB ib ob.

Tam sim no lub system boards yog kev cob cog rua rau lwm pab kiag li lawm ntawm lub AGP tsheb npav, uas tso cai rau cov graphics card siv RAM PC. Nws twb tau mus tiv nrog niaj hnub graphics, uas yuav tsum tsiv mus nyob rau saib ntawm ib cov kev kub ceev, yog dab tsi yog ib qhov nyuaj rau lis PCI. Thaum uas siv cov PCI sib sib zog tsa tej yuav ua tau kom lub cim xeeb nyob rau hauv cov video vim lub tsawg ceev thiab chaw tos tsheb loj bandwidth. Zaus AGP system tsheb npav tso cai rau lub pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm system nco thiab video nco ncaj qha, uas yuav tsis tau tiav thaum uas siv cov lwm yam qauv rau cov pab kiag li lawm.